• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 2016

This study's purpose was to provide basic data for the monitoring of ecological changes caused by change of vegetation structure of Abies koreana forest in a study site susceptible to climatic change in Yeongsil area of Hallasan Mountain, Jeju Island. Surveys revealed this: in Yeongsil area of Hallasan Mountain, per 1 ha of A. koreana forests, total number 1,781, and A. koreana number 989, accounting for 55.5% of the total number of trees. 190 A. koreana or 19.2% were found to be dead. For the number of individual trees by DBH, trees standing 5 cm - 10 cm tall formed the largest portion at 39.9%, and in the case of other trees except A. koreana, the number of individual trees below 5 cm accounted for 23.5% of the total number of trees. The survey of importance by height revealed this: at the top level, the importance of A. koreana was the highest at 106.23, but the sum of importance of temperate deciduous broad-leaved trees (Prunus maximowiczii, Quercus mongolica, and Taxus cuspidata) was higher at 142.84 than that of A. koreana. The analysis of species diversity revealed 0.645 species diversity for the tree layer and 0.817 for the shrub layer; for evenness, 0.549 for the tree layer and 0.664 for the shrub layer; for dominance value; 0.451 for the tree layer and 0.336 for the shrub layer. The analysis of tree vitality revealed that for the A. koreana forests in Yeongsil, the composition ratio of A. koreana by type is AS type>AL type>DS type>DB type, and that of the other trees is AL type>AS type>AF type>AB type. Compared with the forests in other areas, the A. koreana forests in the Yeongsil area have a very high occurrence rate of dead trees, and a high importance of trees is shown in the deciduous broad-leaved tree forests. Compared with the A. koreana forests in the Jindallaebat area, with the same level above sea, the vegetation structures are fast changing. Also, due to dryness and other non-physical environmental changes caused by a lack of rainwater and dry winds in winter, dead trees are fast increasing in number. Environmental changes such as climate change diversely affect the maintenance of A. koreana in individual areas, and if environmental changes are fast and continue long, of the A. koreana forest areas in the Hallasan Mountain, the A. koreana forests in the Yeongsil area will decrease fastest in number and will experience changes in the vegetation structure. Thus, it is necessary to survey the vegetation changes in A. koreana forests, which are distributed in all directions but are centered on Hallasan Mountain, and to thus conduct long-term monitoring and research.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.71-76
• /
• 1996

Studies were carried out to examine some factors affecting the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of taxol from the bark of Taxus cuspidata using a continuous packed bed extractor. The factors investigated in this study were pressure, temperature, volume of carbon dioxide, and co-solvent. It was found out that the amount of taxol extracted was not significantly affected by the operating pressure in the absence of a co-solvent although it increased by about 20% at 5500 psig. With $24\ell$ of carbon dioxide the saturated amount of taxol was extracted at 318K and 5500psig. Methanol was found to be the most effective co-solvent in terms of amount of taxol extracted among six different co-solvents used. When methanol was used as a co-solvent the effect of operating pressure became significant; approximately 50% increase in the amount of taxol extracted was observed at 3000 psig as compared to at 2500 or 3500psig. The optimum methanol concentration in supercritical fluid was 13% (w/w)at 308K, 3000psig.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.37-48
• /
• 2007

Forest vegetation types and growth characteristics of Seongin-bong at Ulleung Island in Korea were studied by using importance values, distributions of diameter classes, and annual growth analysis. Vegetation types were classified into 7 groups. The number of existing woody plant and herbaceous plant species varied from 17 to 21 species per $100m^2$. In case of life-forms importance values, woody and herbs showed average values of 47% and 53% across 5 groups. But in Tsuga sieboldii-Pinus parviflora and Fague engleriana- Taxus cuspidata var. latifolia groups, woody importance values were 68% and 54%, respectively. Diameter classes in most stand types were regularly distributed and showed continuous growth in annual diameter growth. from these results, this site is expected to maintain a stable vegetation structure continuously. F. engleriana, which forms major species in this site, showed 0.46-0.62 cm in annual average diameter growth. The annual average diameter growth of broad-leaved tree species was 0.2-0.6 cm, while the growth rate of T. sieboldii and P. parviflora was 0.38 cm and that of T. cuspidata var, latifolia was below 0.1 cm.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 1999

The content of taxol and related compounds in needle and stem tissues of exotic yews growing in the Chollipo Arboretum which located in the West Sea of Korea were determined by HPLC. A considerable variation in contents of taxol and the related compounds within species and among cultivars were observed. The content of taxol was much higher in the needles than those in the young stem tissues except T. X media cv. Vermuleun, T. baccata cv. Washingtonii, and T. X cuspidata cv. Nana, and the content of 10-deacetyl baccatin III(10-DAB III) was also slightly higher in the needle. The needle of T. cuspidata cv. Nigra collected from April was contained the high amount of taxol(1,027 ${\mu}g$ per g dry weight) and also contained high quantity in 10-DAB III(267 ${\mu}g$ per g dry weight). Concentration of taxol in needle was significantly greater than those of meristemic and ovary tissues, Exotic yews growing at the Chollipo Arboretum containing T. cuspidata cv. Nigra could be suitable materials as a source for the tissue and cell cultures for production of taxol.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.123-138
• /
• 2004

This study was to investigate the planting arrangement of ornamental trees and shrubs that leads to an appropriate, type of templescape. Temples sampled for this study were Woljonsa, Sineunsa, Sinreugsa and Mitasa which fall all under the category of the level land. The results obtained were as follows : Open space of Daewoongjeon in all temples, a main Sanctuary among temple buildings, where Buddha is enshrined in, we could not find any kinds of trees/shrubs to be planted. But tere were Acer mono, Acer planmatum, Crataegus pinnatifidam Raododendron poukhanense, Texus cuspidata and Buxus mincrophylla to be planted, before Jeokkwangjeon, in which Buddha is exceptionally enshrined. In Geugragjeon of both temples of Sinheunsa and Sinreugsa, and Elysium building and Muryangsujeon of Woljeongsa temple, an immeasurable bliss building, in which an Amitabha is enshrined. was Taxus cuspidata planted numerously found. Particularly, Josadang, Muryangsujeon and Samsungkag of Woljeongsa temple commonly had Sciadopiys verticillata, which is known as one of Japanese-favorite trees. Syinga oblata Lindaley was also observed at Jeokkwangjeon of Woljeongsa temple and Keungnakjon of Sinheungsa temple, and Vidurnun opulus var. calvesvens, a symbolic flower tree imaging Buddha's head, was planted in Myungboojeon of Sinheungsa temple and Keugnakjeon of Sinreugsa temple. Juniperus chinensis which could be observed in both temples Sinheunsa and Sinreugsa was well arranged enough to be easily captured by human's eyes. In terms of templescape that might be considered in templescape, the correlation between trees/shrubs and temple buildings was thoroughly discussed. And, with the results obtained through precise studies, we presented here in this paper newly designed model of templescape in level land buddhist temples which is possibly applied for planting and arrangement of trees or/and shrubs.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.112-117
• /
• 1994

The present conservation status on the rare and endangered plants in Tokyusan National Park were surveyed and re-evaluated by the new criteria which prepared by I.U.C.N. The species such as Lonicera vidalii, Clematis chiisanensis, Cypripedium macranthum and Allium taquetii were grouped as Critical, Eranthis stellata, Abies koreana, Taxus cuspidata, Tricyrtis dilatata, Paeonia japonaca, Stewartia koreana, Rhododendron tschnoskii, Buplerum euphorbioides, Lilium cernum and Oreorchis patens were grouped as Endangered, Adonis amurenis and Disporum ovale were grouped as Vulnerable. The above mentioned species were mainly located at the vicinity of mountain trails and projected developing sites. The potentials for the habitat destructions, mainly, due to human activities are expected to be serious in the future unless the proper management plans prepared for the specific plants and the specific habitats.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.557-560
• /
• 2008

The micelle process was developed for pre-purifying paclitaxel from plant cell cultures of Taxus chinensis, giving a high purity and yield. The approach in this work was to transfer paclitaxel in the crude extract to an aqueous surfactant solution as a micelle, allowing organic solvents to be used for removal of lipids and non-polar impurities. In this work, the effects of various surfactants such as CPC, CTMAC, LTMAC, SDS, AOT, Tween, PEG, and Triton were examined on the yield, purity, and phase separation time in micelle process. Among these surfactants, CTMAC (5%, w/v) gave the best result in terms of paclitaxel yield (${\sim}99%$), purity (${\sim}21%$), and phase separation time (30 min). The use of micelles in the pre-purification process allows for rapid and efficient separation of paclitaxel from interfering compounds and dramatically increases the yield and purity of crude paclitaxel for subsequent purification steps.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.41-55
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to present the basic data for conservation and management of traditional landscape and ecological environment by surveying and analysing the vascular plants distributed in Gwnagneung, a royal tomb of the Joseon Dynasty. The results are as follows. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 446 taxa including 97 families, 274 genera, 384 species, 4 subspecies, 49 varieties and 9 forms. The planting species were 34 taxa including Ginkgo biloba L., Pinus koraiensis Siebold ＆ Zucc., Taxus cuspidata Siebold ＆ Zucc. and so forth. Exotic species such as Pterocarya stenoptera DC. and Magnolia obovata Thunb. need to be remove for traditional landscape management. The rare plants were 7 taxa including 2 taxa of CR(critically endangered), 2 taxa of VU(vulnerable) and 3 taxa of LC(least concerned). The Korean endemic plants were 8 taxa including Pseudostellaria coreana (Nakai) Ohwi, Chrysosplenium pilosum var. fulvum (N.Terracc.) Hara, Philadelphus schrenkii Rupr., Indigofera koreana Ohwi, Paulownia coreana Uyeki(planting), Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey, Aster koraiensis Nakai(planting) and Hosta minor (Baker) Nakai(planting). The specific plants by floristic region were 45 taxa including 2 taxa of grade V, 12 taxa of grade III, 9 taxa of grade II and 22 taxa of grade I. The naturalized plants were 25 taxa including Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub, Chenopodium ficifolium Smith, Amorpha fruticosa L., Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) S.F.Blake and so forth. The target plants adaptable to climate change were 9 taxa including 1 taxon of endemic plant and 8 taxa of northern plants.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.407-414
• /
• 1998

The rare and endangered plants in Naesorak area were investigated for four months during May to August in 1997, and the results were summarized as 35 taxa which is classified as 19 families, 32 species, and 3 varieties. At the level of families, 19 families such as Pinaceae(1 species), Taxaceae(1 species), Cupressaceae(1 species and 1 variety), Liliaceae(5 species and 1 variety), Aristolochiaceae(2 species), Ranunculaceae(4 species), Berberidaceae(1 species), Saxifragaceae(2 species), Rosaceae(1 species), Oleaceae(2 species and 1 variety), Solanaceae(1 species), Scrophulariaceae(1 species), Valerianaceae(1 species), Campanulaceae(1species), and Compositae(1 species) were recorded. The most of the habitats of the species was easily found along the major mountain trails, and a kind of destructions of these plants by human interferences is due to the fact that the illegal collections for food and medicine are occurred. Those species of Taxus caespitosa, Rhododendron aureum, Vaccinium bracteatum, Allium victoralis var. platyphullum and Leontice microryncha has a few individuals in habitats and also shows the unfavorable growing state, so the intensive and continuous habitat management of the habitats were inevitably dimanded.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.86 no.2
• /
• pp.223-232
• /
• 1997

One hundred Sixty two quadrats were sampled from natural forests, in Kangwon-do and Kyungsangbuk-do. On the basis of Mueller-Dombois & Ellenberg method, field survey, which accounts for the characters of the species structure of Pinus densiflora community and Quercus mongolica community, was carried out between 1991 and 1994. To analyze the data, CCA ordination and D.B.H, analysis were used. 1. DBH analysis showed that Pinus densiflora community is likely replacing Quercus mongolica or Quercus variabilis community. DBH analysis also showed that Quercus mongolica - Lindera obtusiloba community balances among the Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, and Tilia amurensid in the canopy, and that Quercus mongolica-Abies nephrolepis community, mixed forest balances among the Quercus mongolica, Pinus koraiensis, and Abies nephrolepis in the canopy. In general, Quercus mongolica seems to remain as a dominant species. 2. A certain correlation seems to exist between nutrients types and Pinus densiflora community. Quercus mongolica prefered to grow in the medium elevation area that has medium level of total nitrogen, organic matter, and C.E.C. Pinus densiflora, Quercus serrata and Quercus variabilis were found in the low elevation area that has low level of total nitrogen, organic matter, and C.E.C. 3. There seemed to be a certain correlation between nutrients types and Quercus mongolica community. Quercus mongolica and Acer pseudosieboldianum was distributed in the slope area that has medium level of $Mg^{{+}{+}}$, $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, and C.E.C., while Abies nephrolepis, Taxus cuspidata and Pinus koraiensis in the high elevation and ridge area that has low level of $Mg^{{+}{+}}$, $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, and C.E.C. Carpinus laxiflora and Abies holophylla were found in the medium elevation area that has medium level of $Mg^{{+}{+}}$, $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, and C.E.C., while Kalopanax pious, Carpinus cordata and Acer truncatum in the moderately moist and valley area that has high level of $Mg^{{+}{+}}$, $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, and C.E.C. Pinus densiflora and Fraxinus rhynchophylla seemed to prefer the slightly dry, low elevation and ridge area.