• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.83-95
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the Power Card strategy on the receptive vocabulary and expressive vocabulary in children with autism spectrum disorders. Method: Three children with autism spectrum disorder were selected for this study and the power card strategy language intervention was applied, using a multiple baseline design across individuals. The target vocabulary was selected by examining the individual preferred characters. Power cards were constructed, and intervention was applied to improve the receptive vocabulary and expressive vocabulary through the baseline stage, intervention, and maintenance. Result: The application of the power card strategy showed that the acquisition rate of receptive vocabulary in children with autism spectrum disorder was increased, and expressive vocabulary acquisition rate was also improved. Conclusion: During the intervention period using the power card strategy, the children's target receptive vocabulary and expressive vocabulary acquisition rates improved, and the acquisition rate was maintained, even after the intervention. This suggests that the power card strategy is effective in improving the vocabulary of autistic children with disabilities, of school age.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.579-586
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• 2010

Due to the recent development of measuring technology and 3D programs, it has become possible to obtain various spatial data. This study utilizes the 2-dimensional data and 3-dimensional data extraction technology based on the existing empirical and statistical DB. The data obtained from geospatial data technology are integrated with civil engineering BIM to conduct the modeling of the topography of the target region and select the optimum location condition by using the cut and fill balance of the volume of earth. The target area is the land around Tamjin River, Jangheong-gun, Jeolla-do. The 3-dimensional topology linked with 3-dimensional mapping technology by using the orth-image and aerial LiDAR that uses aerial photo of the target area is visualized with Civil3D of AutoDesk. By using Civil3D program, the Thanks to the recent development of measuring technology and 3D programs, target area is analyzed through visualization and related data can be obtained for analysis. The method of using civil engineering BIM enables to obtain various and accurate information about the target area which is helpful for addressing the issues risen from the existing methodology. In this regard, it aims at searching for the alternatives and provides suggestions to utilize the information.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.69-87
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• 2017

Objectives : Cheongnoemyeongsin-hwan (CNMSH) is a herb medicine to treat cognitive impairment. This study was investigated the effects of CNMSH on learning and memory impairment induced by cerebral hypoperfusion. Cerebral hypoperfusion was produced chronically by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) in rats. Methods : CNMSH was administered orally once a day (250 mg/kg) for 28 days starting at 4th week after the BCCAO. The acquisition of learning and the retention of memory were tested on 9th week after the BCCAO using the Morris water maze. In addition, effect of CNMSH on neuronal apoptosis and ${\beta}-amyloid$ accumulation in the hippocmapus was evaluated with immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results : 1. CNMSH and ChAL significantly shortened the escape latencies on the 2nd day of acquisition training trials. 2. ChAL significantly prolonged the swimming time spent in the target and peri-target zones and CNMSH also significantly prolonged the swimming time spent in the peri-target zone. 3. CNMSH and ChAL significantly increased the number of target heading in the retention test. 4. ChAL significantly shortened the time of the 1st target heading in the retention test, but CNMSH insignificantly shortened the time of that. 5. CNMSH and ChAL significantly increased the memory score in the retention test. 6. CNMSH and ChAL significantly attenuated the reduction of CA1 neurons, but insignificantly attenuated the reduction of CA1 thickness. 7. CNMSH and ChAL significantly attenuated the up-regulation of Bax expression in the CA1 of hippocampus. 8. CNMSH and ChAL significantly attenuated the up-regulation of cascapse-3 expression in the CA1 of hippocampus. 9. CNMSH and ChAL significantly attenuated the ${\beta}-amyloid$ accumulation in the CA1 of hippocampus. 10. CNMSH and ChAL significantly attenuated the up-regulation of APP expression in the CA1 of hippocampus. 11. CNMSH and ChAL significantly attenuated the up-regulation of BACE-1 expression in the CA1 of hippocampus. Conclusions : The results show that CNMSH attenuates neuronal apoptosis and ${\beta}-amyloid$ accumulation in the hippocampus and alleviates the impairment of learning and memory produced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. These results suggest that CNMSH may be a beneficial medicinal herb to treat cognitive impairment associated with neurodegenerative diseases.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to reveal the order and the age of mastery of phonemic contrast in vowel sounds of Korean. For this purpose, we made an observation of the correspondences between the sounds produced by children of 12-35 months and the target sounds produced by adults. The provisional order and the age of contrast acquisition shown from the results of this study are as follows. First, the differential production of vowels by the feature relating to the body of the tongue precedes the differential production of vowels by the feature relating to the lip rounding. Second, as for the differential production of vowels by the feature relating to the body of the tongue, the contrast between the low vowels and the others is accomplished first, and the contrast between the high and low vowels and the contrast between the front and the back vowels are established around the age of 24 months. Third, as for the differential production of vowels by the feature relating to the lip rounding, the contrast between the rounded and the unrounded vowel is not accomplished until 36 months. Finally, we observed, prior to the completion of the differential production of phonemes, children use a specific phoneme excessively. This passing phrase could be interpreted as a result of over-application of a distinctive feature in the course of acquisition of it.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.35-48
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• 2001

One of the areas of second language acquisition that enjoyed popularity in recent years is interlanguage pragmatics. The main reason for this popularity lies in the critical role of pragmatic competence in appropriate use of a target language. The aim of this paper was to examine L2 learners' pragmatic behavior in their speech act performance and determine main sources causing pragmatic difficulty. Four major sources of pragmatic errors were identified: linguistic proficiency, L1 transfer, waffling and teaching activities. Each source was discussed with empirical evidence in some detail, and teaching suggestions were provided for developing learners' pragmatic competence in EFL classrooms.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.2373-2380
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• 1993

This paper addresses the design procedure and testing result of a servo driven pan/tilt device which is capable of tracking arbitrary movement of a specified target object. In order to achieve real-time acquisition of feedback signal, a 2 degree-of freedom non-contact type displacement follower has been employed in stead of vision camera. The performance of the designed system is tested for different target velocities and control gains. The test result shows the satisfactory performance to be adopted as an effective tool for visual transfer in the context of teleoperation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.573-575
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• 2012

기존 RADAR 기반의 VTS에 AIS를 연계 집약하면서 예측 불가능한 데이터 전송률에도 동일선박으로부터의 AIS 및 RADAR 데이터는 상관관계를 유지하면서 물표에 대한 Tracking이 지속적으로 이루어져야 하지만 AIS 신호 Lost시 RADAR Tracking 자동 전환이 안 되는 경우가 많이 발생하고 있다. 또한 3개의 VTS 모니터 화면에 각각 다른 Scale과 다른 관제구역이 디스플레이 됨으로써 특히 모니터 가장자리 부근의 관제구역은 사각지대로 관제사의 집중도가 떨어질 수밖에 없다. 이러한 문제점들은 관제사의 Traffic Image구성 및 Situational Awareness를 방해하는 요소로 작용하며 사고의 개연성을 높이고 있다. 본 연구에서는 VTS 모니터상의 화면 재구성 방법을 통해서 관제사의 SA를 돕고, AIS-RADAR Tracking 알고리즘 보완을 통한 Target Tracking의 안정성을 확보하고, 교육 훈련을 통해서 AIS특성과 Error현상에 대한 관제사들이 충분히 이해하도록 하여 관제업무의 향상을 기하는 방안을 제시하였다.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.313-337
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• 2011

The purpose of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of the cultural instruction based on the critical pedagogy through film. The participants were 21 college students enrolling 'Understanding American/British culture'class and the class was 15 week long. During class, they discussed and selected the cultural topics related to the movies, complete the research papers, and then gave presentations. The students' portfolio, which consists of the goal statements, research papers, and the reflective journals, was analyzed to investigate the effectiveness of the instruction. The results showed that the instruction was effective in five aspects. They are, 1)accumulation of the cultural knowledge, 2)better understanding of the target culture and its people, 3)acquisition of the critical perspectives toward the target and their own cultures, 4)teaching method, and 5)increase of the motivation for studying other cultures. The study suggested that the instruction should be applied to English-medium class with more advanced students.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.30B no.11
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• pp.84-92
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• 1993

Calibration of Engine models is a painstaking process but very important for successful application to automotive industry problems. A combined heuristic and machine learning approach has therefore been adopted to improve the efficiency of model calibration. We developed an intelligent calibration program called ICALIB. It has been used on a daily basis for engine model applications, and has reduced the time required for model calibrations from many hours to a few minutes on average. In this paper, we describe the heuristic control strategies employed in ICALIB such as a hill-climbing search based on a state distance estimation function, incremental problem solution refinement by using a dynamic tolerance window, and calibration target parameter ordering for guiding the search. In addition, we present the application of amachine learning program called GID3*for automatic acquisition of heuristic rules for ordering target parameters.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.36-47
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• 1996

By integrating the eye head-position monitioring devices, the present authors developed an eye-controlled human/computer interface based on the line-of-sight and an intentional blink to invoke commands. Also modified was an existing calibration method to reduce the visual angle between the target center and the intersection point of the derived line-of-sight. This modified calibration method allowed 108 or more command blocks to be displayed on the 14 inch monitor with the target acquisition probability(hit rate) of 98% when viewed at the distance of 500 mm apart. An active triggering method using an intentional blink was proposed and was shown to be a feasible and efficient alternative to invoke commands with total triggering time of 0.8 sec or less. The system could be used by the normal people as well as the handicapped individuals as a new human/computer interface.