• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1791-1799
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the contents of antioxidative components from pulpy and seed in wild haw (Crataegus pinnatifida $B_{UNGE}$). Pulpy and seed of haw were smashed, then measured for color properties, antioxidative components of ascorbic acid, phytic acid, proanthocyanidin, anthocyanin, total carotene, ${\beta}$-carotene, lycopene, chlorophyll a, b and tannin. The $a^*$, $b^*$ and $C^*$ values of seed were significantly lower than pulpy, but $L^*$ and $H^{\circ}$ values were higher than that of pulpy. Ascorbic acid contents of pulpy and seed were found to be $10.89{\pm}1.69mg/100g$ and $1.45{\pm}0.16mg/100g$, respectively. Phytic acid, proanthocyanidin, total carotene and tannin contents of pulpy and seed were $689.17{\pm}3.63mg/g$, $597.78{\pm}2.93mg/g$; $355.61{\pm}19.39mg/g$, $49.12{\pm}4.97mg/g$; $8.32{\pm}0.42mg%$, $0.80{\pm}0.01mg%$; $7.53{\pm}0.09mg/g$, $1.02{\pm}0.03mg/g$, respectively. Similarly, ${\beta}$-carotene, lycopene, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents of pulpy also displayed higher values than that of seed. On the contrary, anthocyanin content of seed ($4.24{\pm}0.33mg/L$) was remarkably higher than pulpy ($0.99{\pm}0.62mg/L$). The results showed that pulpy could be severed as great natural antioxidant and biohealth functional food.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.63-66
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• 2000

황칠나무 잎과 종실의 일반성분을 분석한 결과 수분은 잎에 70.2%, 종실에 72.6%, 지방은 종실에 0.6%, 잎에 2.7%, 회분은 잎에 1.7%, 종실에 0.9%가 각각 함유된 것으로 분석되었고 단백질은 잎에 1.2%, 종실에 6.2%, 섬유는 잎에 5.1%, 종실에 9.0%가 함유된 것으로 분석되었다. 총 비타민 C는 잎(56.9 mg%)이 종실(10.7 mg%)보다 더 많이 함유하였고 수용성 탄닌함량도 잎(746.1 mg%)이 종실(60.7 mg%)보다 더 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 잎과 종실에 함유된 유리당은 주로 sucrose, glucose 및 fructose로 구성되어 있었으며 종실에는 잎에서 검출되지 않은 turanose와 xylose가 적은 양이지만 검출된 것이 특징이었다. 지방산 조성은 불포화 지방산의 함유율이 더 높았으나 잎과 종실에 가장 많이 함유된 포화 지방산 및 불포화 지방산은 서로 달라 지방산 조성이 약간 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 유리 아미노산 함량은 낮은 편이었고 주요 아미노산은 일과 종실 모두 arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid등으로 비슷하였으며, 무기성분은 잎에는 칼슘, 종실에는 칼슘이 가장 많이 함유된 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.402-407
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• 2008

1. 해당화의 총페놀화합물 함량은 줄기추출물이 평균 7.8(g/100g, D.W.)이고 뿌리추출물이 평균 10.5(g/100g, D.W.)이며, 모든 시료에서 뿌리추출물의 함량이 높게 나타났다. 2. K-1의 줄기와 뿌리 추출물(0.5g)에서 주성분의 하나로 추정되는 S-4(84.1mg)과 R-2(70.0mg)의 화합물을 단리했고, 그 구조를 catechin으로 결정했다. 3. UPLC 분석에 의해 줄기추출물의 탄닌함량은 평균 752.5(mg/100g, D. W.)로, gallic acid 6.3, epicatechin 61.5, catechin 684.8이고, 뿌리추출물의 탄닌함량은 줄기의 약 2배 이상 높은 1676.0(mg/100g, D.W.)으로 gallic acid 6.8, epicatechin 160.3, catechin 1508.5로 나타났다. 4. 해당화의 free radical 소거활성에서 추출물의 IC50는 뿌리가 $13.7{\mu}g/ml$, 줄기가 $14.5{\mu}g/ml$으로 높은 소거활성을 나타냈고, SOD 유사활성은 $50{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 뿌리추출물이 평균 75.1%, 줄기추출물이 71.9%로써 높은 활성을 나타냈다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.505-510
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• 1999

대추잎의 유용식물자원으로서의 이용가능성을 구명하기 위하여 수확시기별 대추잎의 화학적 조성의 변화를 조사하였다. 대추잎의 단백질 함량은 4.42~6.31%로서 수확시기가 늦어지면서 단백질 함량이 급격히 감소하였고 지방 함량은 4.31~5.71%로서 점차 증가하였다. 대추잎의 아미노산 조성은 aspartic acid가 가장 많았고 다음으로 glutamic acid, leucine순이었으며 methionine이 제한 아미노산이였다. 대추잎에 존재하는 유리당으로는 glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose 4종류로 나타났으며 sucrose의 함량은 성장후기로 갈수록 급격히 감소하였다. 지방산 조성은 palmitic acid가 40% 정도로 가장 많이 함유되었으며 다음으로 linolenic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid순으로 함유되어 이들 4종의 지방산이 전체 지방산 함량의 약 90%를 차지하였다. 대추잎의 무기질 함량은 K, Na, Ca의 함량이 특히 풍부한 것으로 나타났고, Fe, Mn, Cu의 함량은 아주 낮게 나타났다. 잎의 수확시기가 늦어지면서 Ca, Na 함량은 현저히 증가한 반면 Mg 함량은 감소하였으며 K, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu의 함량은 변화가 없었다. 페놀성 화합물의 함량은 0.83~0.89%, 축합형 탄닌함량은 0.40~0.45%로서 축합형 탄닌이 총페놀 화합물의 약 50%를 차지하였고 수확시기에 따른 함량 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 대추잎에는 rutin과 isoquercitrin 2종의 flavonoid 성분이 존재하였고 각각의 함량은 103.8~125.2mg/kg, 26.2~40.0 mg/kg으로서 수확시기에 따라 rutin의 함량이 isoquercitrin보다 약 3~4배 정도 높게 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 1999

Possibility of utilization of fig as a source of vinegar was tested. Alcohol fermentation was conducted by inoculation of Saccharomyces bayanus into fig juice. After 5 days of fermentation at 27oC, fig wine with alcohol content of 13.6%. Then fig vinegar was produced by cultivation of Acetobacter sp. E which was isolated from fig vinegar. Optimum concentration of alcohol, starter content and fermentation temperature for the acid production were 8~9%, 5% and 27~30oC, respectively. More acetic acid was produced by adding 0.5% of yeast extract and 0.01% of Ca pantothenate. Adjustment pH of culture broth with acetic acid and shaking cultivation method were not effective in higher yield of acid production. Addition of sulfite up to 50 ppm did not inhibit for acetic acid fermentation. Addition of 1% bentonite or 1% kakishibu was more effective for the clarification of fig vinegar than any other clarifying agents tested. During aging and racking, acidity, absorbance and tannin content of fig vinegar decreased, while redness and yellowness increased. Aged and racked fig vinegar showed higher sensory score than non aged one in the aspects of color and overall acceptability.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.199-205
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• 1995

The study was carried out to compare the factors of overall preference In the sensory test to the analyzation of some compositions in the 7 kinds of old grasses : An Evening Primerose, a Spiderworts, the flower of a Convolvulus, So Ru Jang Yl, Shoe Bl Rum.O Yi Pul, Jip Sean Na Mul. Results were summaries as follows. 1. The Tannin contents of fresh sample and cooked samples were determined as 0.27~2.4g%, 0.25~1.439% respectively. The largest amount of fresh samples was contained In a Shoe Bi Rum. The smallest amount of them was in an Evening Primerose. The highest level of cooked samples was found in a Shoe Bi Rm, and the lowest was in the O Yi Pul. These results were similar to sensory test. 2. The free amino acid contents of 2 kinds of samples were determined as 25.15~179.5mg%, 1.86~13. 6mg% respectively. The largest amount of sweet taste of them was 0 Yi Pul and So Ru Jaeng Yl respectively. But So Ru Jaeng Yi is not appeared sweety becase this have much tannin. The smallest amount of sweet taste was a Spiderwort. The highest level of bitter taste was So Ru Jaeng Yl the and lowest was Jip Sean Na Mul. Among of them Jlp Sean Na Mul is similar to organoleptic test but So Ru Jaeng Yi is not strong bitter taste in sensory evaluation. The highest level of sour taste of cooked samples was So Ru Jaeng Yi and the lowest of them was Shoe Bi Rum. The reducing sugar contents of fresh sample and cooked samples were determined as 1.80~ 4.9g%, 1.84 ~3.579% respectively. The largest of fresh samples were So Ru Jaeng Yl and the lowest was Shoe Bi Rum. The highest of cooked samples were an Evening Primerose and the lowest was a Convolvulus. Among of these results an Evening Primerose was not similar to sensory test because it has much other components. The level of chlorophyll of fresh samples and cooked samples were determined as 11.7~39mg%, 11.3~40.3mg% respectively. The highest of fresh samples was Shoe Bl Rum and the lowest was J ip Sean Na Mul. The largest of cooked samples was So Ru Jaeng Yi and the lowest was a Jlp Seu Na Mul.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2008

덖음 처리가 감국차의 품질 특성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 감국 꽃을 $230^{\circ}C$에서 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 및 15분간 덖음 처리 후 감국 꽃 침출액을 제조하여 품질특성을 조사하였다. 덖음 시간이 길어질수록 L 및 a 값은 감소하고 b 값은 증가하여 차의 색은 점차 황색을 나타내었으며, 총 질소함량은 3.15-3.33%의 범위를 보였고 구성 아미노산은 감칠맛의 주성분인 glutamic acid를 비롯하여 18종이 분석되었으며, 이들 중 glutamic acid와 aspartic acid가 가장 많은 비율을 차지하였다. Chlorophyll 함량은 덖음 시간이 길어질수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. Tannin, 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 덖음 시간에 따라 대체적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 15분 덖음 시 각각 0.63 mg gallic acid equiv./g, 13.85 mg tannic acid equiv./g 및 9.77 mg catechin equiv./g이었다.전자공여능은 15분 덖음 시 9.93%, 총 항산화력은 10분 덖음 시 19.33 mg ascorbic acid equiv./100 g으로 대조구보다 높은 항산화활성을 나타내었다. 덖음 감국 꽃차의 관능검사 결과 색은 12.5분, 맛과 향 및 종합적 기호도는 10분 덖음 처리된 차가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 1993

Three phenolcarboxylic acids, two flavonoids and four hydrolysable tannins were isolated from the whole plant of Acalypha australis. On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence, the structures of these compounds were established as gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, isoquercitrin, corilagin, furosin and geraniin.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 1997

We observed the frequency of chromosome aberrations induced by UVB irradiations, and the suppressing effect of tannic acid on chromosome aberrations induced by UVB irradiations in CHL cells, which is a phenolic compound, a hydrolysate of tannin and a components of green tea. UVB doses used for the frequency of chromosome aberrations were from 0.2 to 1.6 KJ/m$^2$ and tannic acid concentrations were from 1.16 $\mu$g/ml to 37.50 $\mu$g/ml. For the observation of suppressing effect of tannic acid on UVB-induced chromosome aberrations, UVB dose was 1.6 KJ/m$^2$ and tannic acid concentrations were 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 $\mu$g/ml. In our study, tannic acid was treated for 24 hours in CHL, cells after UVB irradiation without S9 mix or for 6 hours with S9 mix. From this study, we obtained the following results : (1) The frequency of chromosome aberrations UVB induced were dose-dependently increased. (2) The tannic acid did not induce chromosome aberrations in cultured Chinese hamster cells. (3) UVB-induced chromosome aberrations were suppressed by tannic acid at every concentration from 1.0 $\mu$g/ml to 4.0 $\mu$g/ml with or without metabolic activation. These results suggest that the tannic acid acts as an inhibitor to UVB-induced clastogenicity of the cultured cell.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.188-199
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• 2015

Nineteen tanniferous browse plants were collected from South Africa to investigate their digestibility, gas production (GP) characteristics and methane production. Fresh samples were collected, dried in forced oven, and ground and analyzed for nutrient composition. In vitro GP and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were determined using rumen fluid collected, strained and anaerobically prepared. A semi-automated system was used to measure GP by incubating the sample in a shaking incubator at $39^{\circ}C$. There was significant (p<0.05) variation in chemical composition of studied browses. Crude protein (CP) content of the species ranged from 86.9 to 305.0 g/kg dry matter (DM). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ranged from 292.8 to 517.5 g/kg DM while acid detergent fiber (ADF) ranged from 273.3 to 495.1 g/kg DM. The ash, ether extract, non-fibrous carbohydrate, neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen, and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen and CP were negatively correlated with methane production. Methane production was positively correlated with NDF, ADF, cellulose and hemi-cellulose. Tannin decreased GP, IVOMD, total volatile fatty acid and methane production. The observed low methanogenic potential and substantial ammonia generation of some of the browses might be potentially useful as rumen manipulating agents. However, a systematic evaluation is needed to determine optimum levels of supplementation in a mixed diet in order to attain a maximal depressing effect on enteric $CH_4$ production with a minimal detrimental effect on rumen fermentation of poor quality roughage based diet.