• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.547-558
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• 2014

최근 일반기업, 공공기관, 금융기관 등에서 수신된 팩스 문서를 사용하여 업무처리를 하는 과정에서 각종 위 변조 폐해 사례가 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 이는 팩스로 수신한 문서만으로는 위 변조 여부를 확인할 수 없어 발생하는 결과로 이에 대한 대책이 시급한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 수신된 팩스 문서만을 사용하여 팩스 문서의 위 변조 여부를 확인하기 위한 팩스 송신처 검증 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 송신측 팩스단말과 수신측 팩스단말간의 통신 시그널 패턴 분석과 수신된 팩스 문서 이미지의 속성패턴을 확인하여 수신된 문서가 지정된 송신처에서 보낸 팩스인지를 검증할 수 있는 기법이다. 본 논문은 제안된 기법을 실제 팩스 시스템에 적용하여 위 변조 방지 효과가 있음을 실험 결과를 통해 확인하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.4567-4587
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• 2017

With the growth of the Internet and the extensive applications of image editing software, it has become easier to manipulate digital images without leaving obvious traces. Copy-move is one of the most common techniques for image forgery. Image blind forensics is an effective technique for detecting tampered images. This paper proposes an improved copy-move forgery detection method based on the discrete cosine transform (DCT). The quantized DCT coefficients, which are feature representations of image blocks, are truncated using a truncation factor to reduce the feature dimensions. A method for judging whether two image blocks are similar is proposed to improve the accuracy of similarity judgments. The main transfer vectors whose frequencies exceed a threshold are found to locate the copied and pasted regions in forged images. Several experiments are conducted to test the practicability of the proposed algorithm using images from copy-move databases and to evaluate its robustness against post-processing methods such as additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), Gaussian blurring, and JPEG compression. The results of experiments show that the proposed scheme effectively detects both copied region and pasted region of forged images and that it is robust to the post-processing methods mentioned above.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.6-31
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• 2018

With the rapid development of the science and technology, it has been becoming more and more convenient to obtain abundant information via the diverse multimedia medium. However, the contents of the multimedia are easily altered with different editing software, and the authenticity and the integrity of multimedia content are under threat. Forensics technology is developed to solve this problem. We focus on reviewing the blind image forensics technologies for copy-move forgery in this survey. Copy-move forgery is one of the most common manners to manipulate images that usually obscure the objects by flat regions or append the objects within the same image. In this paper, two classical models of copy-move forgery are reviewed, and two frameworks of copy-move forgery detection (CMFD) methods are summarized. Then, massive CMFD methods are mainly divided into two types to retrospect the development process of CMFD technologies, including block-based and keypoint-based. Besides, the performance evaluation criterions and the datasets created for evaluating the performance of CMFD methods are also collected in this review. At last, future research directions and conclusions are given to provide beneficial advice for researchers in this field.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.666-679
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• 2018

The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) has good multi-resolution decomposition characteristic and its low frequency component contains the basic information of an image. Based on this, a fragile watermarking using the local binary pattern (LBP) and DWT is proposed for image authentication. In this method, the LBP pattern of low frequency wavelet coefficients is adopted as a feature watermark, and it is inserted into the least significant bit (LSB) of the maximum pixel value in each block of host image. To guarantee the safety of the proposed algorithm, the logistic map is applied to encrypt the watermark. In addition, the locations of the maximum pixel values are stored in advance, which will be used to extract watermark on the receiving side. Due to the use of DWT, the watermarked image generated by the proposed scheme has high visual quality. Compared with other state-of-the-art watermarking methods, experimental results manifest that the proposed algorithm not only has lower watermark payloads, but also achieves good performance in tamper identification and localization for various attacks.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.4191-4203
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• 2015

WebView is a vital component in smartphone platforms like Android, Windows and iOS that enables smartphone applications (apps) to embed a simple yet powerful web browser inside them. WebView not only provides the same functionalities as web browser, it, more importantly, enables a rich interaction between apps and webpages loaded inside the WebView. However, the design and the features of WebView lays path to tamper the sandbox protection mechanism implemented by browsers. As a consequence, malicious attacks can be launched either against the apps or by the apps through the exploitation of WebView APIs. This paper presents a critical attack called Supplementary Event-Listener Injection (SEI) attack which adds auxiliary event listeners, for executing malicious activities, on the HTML elements in the webpage loaded by the WebView via JavaScript Injection. This paper also proposes an automated static analysis system for analyzing WebView embedded apps to classify the kind of vulnerability possessed by them and a solution for the mitigation of the attack.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2019

This paper, wireless internet such as Wi-Fi has a vulnerability to security. Blockchain also means a 'Ledger' in which transaction information that occurs on a public or private network is encrypted and shared among the network participants. Blockchain maintains information integrity by making it impossible for a particular node to tamper with information arbitrarily, a feature that would result in changes in the overall blockchain hash value if any one transaction information that constitutes a block was changed. The complete sharing of information through a peer-to-peer network will also cripple hacking attempts from outside, targeting specialized nodes, and prepare for the "single point of failure" risk of the entire system being shut down. Due to the value of these Blockchain, various types of Blockchain are emerging, and related technology development efforts are also actively underway. Various business models such as public block chains such as Bitcoin, as well as private block chains that allow only certain authorized nodes to participate, or consortium block chains operated by a select few licensed groups, are being utilized. In terms of technological evolution, Blockchain also shows the potential to grow beyond cryptocurrency into an online platform that allows all kinds of transactions with the advent of 'Smart Contract'. By using Blockchain technology, the company makes suggestions to overcome the vulnerability of wireless Internet.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2009

차량 애드혹 네트워크(VANET, Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork)에서 차량 간 교환되는 메시지가 위 변조되면 심각한 결과를 초래할 수 있어 중요 메시지의 인증은 반드시 필요하지만 이를 위해 일반 전자서명 기법을 사용하면 프라이버시가 침해될 수 있다. 따라서 VANET에서는 프라이버시를 보장하지만 문제를 발생시킨 차량을 식별할 수 있는 조건부 익명성이 제공되어야 한다. 이 논문에서는 각 차량에서 자체적으로 조건부 익명성이 보장되는 익명ID를 재암호화 기법을 이용하져 갱신할 수 있으며, 익명ID에 대한 표현문제를 이용하여 메시지를 서명한 다음 다른 차량에게 전달할 수 있는 VANET를 위한 새로운 인증시스템을 제안한다. 이 시스템은 ID의 사용기간을 제한하여 개별ID의 철회가 불필요하며, 필요할 경우에는 특정 차량의 서비스 참여를 제한시킬 수 있다. 제안된 시스템의 안전성은 일부 조작불가능한 하드웨어를 통해 제공하고 있다.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.26-36
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• 2021

The Internet was created as a decentralized and autonomous system of interconnected computer networks used for data exchange across mutually trusted participants. The element technologies on the Internet, such as inter-domain and intra-domain routing and DNS, operated in a distributed manner. With the development of the Web, the Web has become indispensable in daily life. The existing web applications allow us to form online communities, generate private information, access big data, shop online, pay bills, post photos or videos, and even order groceries. This is what has led to centralization of the Web. This centralization is now controlled by the giant social media platforms that provide it as a service, but the original Internet was not like this. These giant companies realized that the decentralized network's huge value involves gathering, organizing, and monetizing information through centralized web applications. The centralized Web applications have heralded some major issues, which will likely worsen shortly. This study focuses on these problems and investigates blockchain's potentials for decentralized web architecture capable of improving conventional web services' critical features, including autonomous, robust, and secure decentralized processing and traceable trustworthiness in tamper-proof transactions. Finally, we review the decentralized web architecture that circumvents the main Internet gatekeepers and controls our data back from the giant social media companies.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2021

Contact between Vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructural is becoming increasingly popular in recent years due to their crucial role in the field of intelligent transportation. Vehicular Ad-hoc networks (VANETs) security and privacy are of the highest value since a transparent wireless communication tool allows an intruder to intercept, tamper, reply and erase messages in plain text. The security of a VANET based intelligent transport system may therefore be compromised. There is a strong likelihood. Securing and maintaining message exchange in VANETs is currently the focal point of several security testing teams, as it is reflected in the number of authentication schemes. However, these systems have not fulfilled all aspects of security and privacy criteria. This study is an attempt to provide a detailed history of VANETs and their components; different kinds of attacks and all protection and privacy criteria for VANETs. This paper contributed to the existing literature by systematically analyzes and compares existing authentication and confidentiality systems based on all security needs, the cost of information and communication as well as the level of resistance to different types of attacks. This paper may be used as a guide and reference for any new VANET protection and privacy technologies in the design and development.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.105-124
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• 2024

Purpose This study aims to propose a blockchain-based platform that can guarantee enhanced trustworthiness in corporate ESG efforts, demanded by global ESG initiatives such as GRI and TCFD. Blockchain technology, recognized for its transparency and data immutability, can contribute to building trust in ESG disclosures, meeting the data transparency verification needs required by these initiatives. This research also explores the use of NFTs representing unique ESG efforts by companies, helping them in organizing and sharing ESG information with investors and consumers. Design/methodology/approach This study utilizes Hyperledger Fabric, a permissioned blockchain known for its enhanced transparency, scalability, and suitability for business transactions, to develop a blockchain platform for managing and disclosing ESG information assets in a trustworthy manner. Furthermore, it introduces the concept of ESG NFTs as a more reliable method for conveying ESG information to stakeholders, where ESG NFTs undergo verification process by third-party authenticators and evaluation by independent evaluators for credibility of ESG disclosure. Findings The use of NFTs, which has been predominantly intended for market trading in public blockchain, offers a credible means of disseminating corporate ESG status and evaluations in a permissioned blockchain, better fit for business transactions. By representing information assets as NFTs, which are tamper-proof and establish clear ownership, the proposed platform enables effective management of ESG-related information assets.