• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.39-57
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• 2012

The volcanic edifice of Ulleungdo is largely divided into a shield volcano underwater and a tholoide above seawater. The geological features of the volcano above seawater are basically alkali volcanic rocks that are further divided into five geological strata: agglomerates and tuffs trachyte and phonolite trachytic pumice trachyandesite, and sedimentary layer. The topography of Ulleungdo consists of volcanic landform on the whole, and such volcanic landform is weathered and eroded into various weathering landform, stream landform, coastal landform, structural landform, etc. Major volcanic topography includes caldera basin, central cone, and columnar joint, whereas weathering topography features, tafoni, gnamma, tor, weathered cave, talus, etc. In major coastal topography are sea cliff, wave-cut platform, sea stack, sea arch, sea cave, shingle beach, coastal terrace, etc. For stream topography, its development is minimal except for waterfalls.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.47-59
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• 2017

This study aims to analyze geomorphologically Jaein Falls in Hantangang Lava Plateau for the landform structure, landform classification, falls dissection and recession. The height and recession length of the Falls are approximately 18m and 340m. after dissection valley arrive at area of the Jijangbong Volcanic Rock Complex of Mesozoic era, the fall will disappear. The structure of the dissection valley shows totally well vertical columnar joint near falls and plunge pool, colluvial talus deposits toward lower reach by the freezing-thawing and wet-dry activities, and alluvial cone and delta in estuary to Hantangang River. The Falls' age date and recession rate in the valley maybe relate to the age of the lava plateau. The estimated recession rate of the fall should be 8.75m/ka to 2.3m/ka, depending on the age 500ka to 40ka in lava plateau.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.15-27
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• 2016

Since restoration of damaged geomorphological sites is almost impossible, it is necessary, to select and conserve geomorphological heritages in a preemptive action. Algific (=producing cold) sites are one of the natural resources which have not been protected well due to the lack of understanding of their value, despite their conservation importance. This research aimed to help people to recognize such geosites' actual value and make them understand the necessity of protecting these sites. Algific areas are valuable by the simple fact that it is a mysterious phenomenon in which the ice forming may happen even in the mid-summer and the environment is always cool. Algific sites deserve geomorphological research in the sense that topographic condition called talus causes this phenomenon. They are also valuable in plant geographic sense because northern rare plants survive isolatedly due to low-temperature environment of these sites. Their cultural-historical value is also high by the fact that they have been connected closely with local residents' lives shown by its nicknames, "natural refrigerator" or "natural air conditioner".

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.177-180
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• 2021

Pediatric ankle fractures can cause physeal injuries which can lead to the shortening of the fibula. This induces a lateral shift of the talus, valgus tilt, and instability of the ankle joint, which can result in an arthritic change in this joint. Patients with a shortening of the fibula may complain of constant pain and restricted movements in their daily lives and during sports activities. Ankle reconstruction with fibula lengthening Z-osteotomy can provide excellent results if arthritis is absent or minimal, especially in young and active patients. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report in South Korea regarding the treatment of fibula shortening following a growth arrest due to injury.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.75-78
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• 2023

During bone tumor resection, many cases require medial malleolar osteotomy to achieve adequate access to the operative field. Various osteotomy methods have been developed to address this issue, including oblique, transverse, reverse V-shape, and step-cut osteotomies. However, medial malleolar osteotomy has several drawbacks, such as the excessive disruption of the joint surface, unstable screw fixation when fixing the medial malleolus, and iatrogenic medial ankle joint arthritis due to articular displacement during the reduction of the osteotomy site. In addition, there is a possibility of injury to the posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve, or posterior tibialis tendon if the osteotomy range is too aggressive. Therefore, the authors propose a new osteotomy method, which has shown promising clinical results, namely, partial posterior medial malleolar osteotomy. This method minimizes articular involvement and provides adequate access to the operative field during talar body bone tumor resection.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate clinical and radiographical results of treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability with modified Brostrom procedure. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 22 cases in 22 patients treated with modified $Brostr{\ddot{o}}m$ procedure under the diagnosis of chronic lateral ankle instability from May 2000 to August 2004. Average age was 32.3 years. Average follow-up period was 23 months. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs of ankle anteroposterior view, lateral view and varus stress view were analyzed. The clinical evaluation was performed according to the Americal Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scales. Results: After the modified $Brostr{\ddot{o}}m$ procedure, Americal Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scales score was improved by average 28 points. Among the 22 cases, 13 cases were excellent, 3 cases good, 4 cases fair, and 2 cases poor with satisfaction of 73%. Five cases had intermittent ankle pain of whom 3 cases had difficulty during competitive sports activity. Lateral tilting of talus improved by average 5.4 degrees on varus stress view. Conclusions: The modified $Brostr{\ddot{o}}m$ procedure is one of the most effective methods for treating of chronic lateral ankle instability.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.171-175
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• 2015

Purpose: Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis has been used as a treatment option for severe deformity including Charcot arthropathy, avascular necrosis of the talus, and severe osteoarthritis of the ankle and subtalar joint. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the result of the surgical outcome of tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis using a retrograde intramedullary nail. Materials and Methods: Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis using a retrograde intramedullary nail was performed by one surgeon in 36 cases. Clinical and radiological finding was evaluated using assessment of fusion time, 5th metatarsal-tibial angle, possibility of postoperative complication, visual analogue scale for pain and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score. Results: Union was achieved in 33 cases at an average of 23 weeks (11~29 weeks). There were 3 cases of nonunion and 1 case of reoperation. Nail-tibial angle tended to be larger in nonunion cases. AOFAS score showed significantly poor outcome at malalignment (${\geq}5^{\circ}$), negative value of 5th metatarsal-tibial angle. Conclusion: Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis using a retrograde intramedullary nail is considered a useful treatment option for severe destruction and deformity involving ankle and subtalar joint.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the short-term clinical outcomes of total ankle arthroplasty for the post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Materials and Methods: Fourteen patients who had undergone total ankle arthroplasty from February 2005 to June 2006 were reviewed. Eleven patients were male and three patients were female. The mean age was 52.8 years (range, 33 to 69 years). The mean follow-up duration was 15.9 months (range, 12 to 24 months). Primary injuries were pilon fractures in eight cases, malleolar fractures in three, ankle syndesmotic injury in one, talus fracture and dislocation in one, and distal tibial physeal injury in one. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Range of motion (ROM), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and complications were evaluated. Results: The mean VAS improved from 8.6 preoperatively to 2.6 at last follow-up. The mean ROM improved from 24.6 degrees preoperatively to 33.1 degrees postoperatively. The mean AOFAS score improved from 44.5 points preoperatively to 75.1 points postoperatively. Radiographically, all components were stable, but there were component malpositions in two cases, including one varus malposition of tibial component and one increased anterior translation of talar component. Complications were deep infection in one case, intraoperative malleolar fracture in three, marginal wound necrosis in two, and heterotopic ossification in one. One prosthesis was revised because of deep infection. Conclusion: Total ankle arthroplasty for the post-traumatic osteoarthritis is believed to be an useful method for preservation of the motion, relief of the pain and high satisfaction of patients in short-term results.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.76-79
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• 2014

In treatment of failure in ankle joint replacement therapy, talar avascular necrosis with massive bone defect, talus fracture with severe comminution and bone defect and ankle dislocation, treatment of large bone defects is considerably important for ankle joint stability and union, therefore, the choice of treatment for large bone defects is use of femoral head or iliac crest bone graft and rigid internal fixation. Because first generation total ankle arthroplasty performed for the first time using a cemented fixation technique requires a large amount of bone resection during re-surgery and there is some possibility of a larger bone defect after removal of implants, in cases where prosthesis for the defect is needed, performance of palliative femoral head or iliac crest bone graft and rigid internal fixation can be difficult. We report on a case of a 48-year-old woman who had experienced ankle pain for 25 years since undergoing total ankle arthroplasty. Because the patient had little ankle motion and rigid soft tissue despite a large bone defect caused by aseptic loosening, a good outcome was obtained only for the femoral cancellous bone graft using allo femoral head without internal fixation.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.431-443
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• 2012

Wind holes or air holes, from which cool air blows out during the summer, but mild air comes out during the winter, have provided the phytogeographically important refugia for cryophilous or cold-loving boreal flora during the Holocene period. At present, wind holes are serving as a faraway disjunctive habitat for Pleistocene relict glacial floristic elements, and present an invaluable information to reconstruct the natural history. Present work aims to collate the nationwide distribution and relevant DB on the potential wind holes of Korea based upon media and literature sources, along with geographical informations, such as place name, topographic map, environmental geographical information, flora, monitoring data of Korea National Arboretum, and field survey data. Geographical information on sixty nine wind hole sites have compiled and analyzed on the basis of flora and presence of fossilized periglacial landforms, such as talus, block field, and block stream, and sixteen sites have thereafter carefully selected and scrutinized through field surveys. To maintain a sustainability of wind hole ecosystem, including their original landform, micro-meteorological phenomena and plant community therein as a refugia or habitat for relict plant species of Pleistocene glacial period, appropriate restrictions and preservation measures are required.