• 생약학회지
• /
• 제54권2호
• /
• pp.61-65
• /
• 2023

Clerodendrum trichotomum has been widely used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of numerous diseases, including pain management. However, there have been extremely limited pharmacological and phytochemical studies on Clerodendrum trichotomum up to now. In this study, we investigated the effects of the methanolic extract of Clerodendrum trichotomum (MCT) on nociceptive pain in mice. Our finding demonstrate that MCT treatment significantly extended the latency time in both the tail-immersion test and hot-plate test. Additionally, MCT treatment reduced acetic acid-induced writhing motions. These results suggest that MCT possesses strong anti-nociceptive activities against thermal and chemical nociception. In the formalin test, mice fed with MCT exhibited reduced licking time during both the early and late phases, thereby confirming the therapeutic potential of MCT in central and peripheral nociception. Furthermore, in combination tests using naloxone, the MCT-mediated anti-nociception was slightly reduced, indicating that MCT might act as a partial opioid receptor agonist. Based on these results, MCT may be a valuable candidate for the development of anti-nociceptive agents.

• 정신신체의학
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2000

연구목적 : 본 연구는 암컷 생쥐에서 출생직후 testosteorne에 노출시키면 testosterone과 연관된 통각억제계의 발달이 영향을 받으며 성인기의 testosterone 투여는 통각예민도를 감소시킨다는 가설을 검증하기 위하여 시행되었다. 방법 : 출생직후 testosterone에 노출시켜 남성화된 Institute for Cancer Research계 암컷생쥐 30마리와, 남성화 시키지 않은 정상 암컷생쥐 25 마리를 84일간 성장 시킨후 testosterone 1mg/kg를 1일 1회 3일간 투여하였다. testosterone 투여전후 통각 예민도를 tail flick latency로 실험 84일과 86일에 측정하였다. 1) 실험 84일째 기저통각 예민도는 남성화군이 $2.7{\pm}0.4$초로서 대조군의 $3.3{\pm}1.1$초에 비하여 유의하게 예민하였다. 2) 실험 84일째 testosterone 주사 후의 유해 감각 예민도는 남성화군이 $5.2{\pm}0.9$초로서 대조군의 $4.6{\pm}1.8$초에 비하여 유의하게 둔감하였고 두 군 모두에서 기저 통각 예민도에 비하여 유의하게 둔하여졌으나 남성화군에서 둔화의 정도가 유의하게 컸다. 3) 실험 86일째 testosterone 주사 전 통각 예민도는 남성화군이 $4.8{\pm}1.9$초로서 대조군의 $3.9{\pm}1.2$초에 비하여 유의하게 둔감하였다. 4) 실험 86일째 testosterone 주사 후 통각 예민도는 남성화군이 $5.9{\pm}0.9$초로서 대조군의 $4.9{\pm}1.5$초에 비하여 유의하게 둔감하였고 두군 모두에서 주사전에 비하여 유의하게 둔하여 졌으나 둔화의 정도에는 차이가 없었다. 5) 실험 84일과 비교하여 실험 86일째 주사전 통각 예민도의 변화는 남성화군이 $2.1{\pm}1.0$초로서 대조군의 $0.5{\pm}1.3$초에 비하여 유의하게 둔하여 졌으나 주사후 통각예민도의 변화는 유의하지 않았다. 결론 : 이상의 결과에서 저자는 testosterone 연관 통각억제계가 존재할 것이고 이 통각억제계의 발달은 신생아기에 testosterone 투여로 강화되며 성장후 이 통각억제계의 활성은 testosterone이 매개할 가능성을 제시한다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.94-99
• /
• 1997

Capsaicin is known to be an analgesic agent, affecting the synthesis, storage, , transport and release of substance p, the principal neurotransmitter of pain from periphery to the central nervous system(CNS). DA-5018, a newly synthesized capsaicin derivative has shown potent analgesic effect comparable to that of morphine in various rat models of experimentally inducted acute pairs. In this study the mechanism of analgesic actlvity of DA-5018 was examined. First, the electrically-evoked contraction of guinea pig trachea was inhibited by DA-5018 and these inhibition was recovered by incubation with capsafepine(3$\muM$), capsaicin receptor antagonist and this result suggested that DA-5018 has affinity on capsaicin receptor. The correlation between the norciceptive threshold and the release of substance P was evaluated. In vivo perfusion of slices of the rat spinal cord with DA-5018(10, 100$\muM$) produced a significant increase of the release of substance P and this increase was less than that of capsaicin(10$\muM$). The norciceptive threshold of rat treated with DA-5018(1 mg/kg, p.o) in tall pinch test increased from 2.9$\pm$0.3 to 23.5 $\pm$6.61. Tail pinch latency increased to a maximun at 15 min after DA-5018 treatment and then declined to control values by 120 min. The capsaicin-evoked release ot substance P from the spinal cord slices of rat treated with DA-5018 reduced from 2.38$\pm$ 0.79 to 0.69$\pm$ 0.26 pg/mg wet weight. This reduction reached to a minium at 15 min after DA-5018 treatment and then recovered to control value by 120 min. These results mean that analgesic activity of DA-5018 is due to release of substance P The effect of DA-5018 cream on electrically-evoked neurogenic inflammation of rat saphenous nerve was compared with capsaicin (zostrix-HP). DA-5018 showed 34% inhibition of the neurogenic extravasation while capsaicin showed significant 67% inhibition. This result indicates that the potency of DA-5018 in the release of substance P is less than that of capsaicin. These results suggest that the release of substance P is partially involved in the mechanism of analgesic action of DA-50l8.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.633-642
• /
• 2003

A pain is the symptom which defends against noxious stimulus about a human body, it is known that if the periphery of perceptive nerve were stimulated by a physical or chemical factors, the stimulation is induced by transmission to pain center in the cerebral cortex according to pain conduction tract. The treatment of pain is to decrease a stimulus that causes a pain or block off a nerve transmitting a stimulus or puts on a way to calm down pain center, but It is for adjustment of a pain to be the most representative in acupuncture among various ways to cure a pain in Oriental medicine. However, the analgesic effect of an individual response to acupuncture stimulation shows marked individual variations, so these days genetic a few approach is attempted. On this the author determined that the responding group was appointed those whose tail flick latency (TFL) responding time delayed the minimum of 30 % comparing with basal reaction time. For those whose TFL time had shorter than 30 % was grouped as a non-responding group. And then the hypothalamus of each group was dissected and RNA was further purified. After synthesizing cDNA using oligo dT primer, products were finally applied to the PCR. The results were as follows; The ratio of responding group to non-responding group was 6:4. Ach T (acetylcholinesterase T subunit), BF-I (Brain factor-I), DBH (Dopamine β-hydroxylase) and PNM (Phosphotidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase) were revealed significantly in the responding group. Cathepsin B and Tau were revealed significantly in the non-responding group. The PCR results show that Ach T, BF-I, DBH and PNM are expressed abundantly in the responding group, where as cathepsin B and tau are abundant in the non-responding group. These results suggest that the analgesic effect on acupuncture stimulation is related to regulation of neurotransmitter as well as neurodegeration of cerebrum.

• 인지과학
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.469-499
• /
• 2016

본 논문에서는 한국어의 통사적 부정문(예를 들면, 침대는/시계는 가구에 속한다/속하지 않는다)과 어휘적 부정문(예를 들면, 호랑이는/나비는 꼬리가 있다/없다)을 이용하여 부정어 처리의 인지신경기제를 확인하고 부정문 처리의 언어 보편적/특수적 기제를 밝히기 위한 진리치 판단과제 및 ERP(Event-related potentials) 실험연구를 진행하였다. 총 23명의 피험자가 전체 실험에 참여하였고 이들 중 15명의 뇌파 반응 데이터를 ERP 분석을 위하여 사용하였다. 실험 결과, 진리치 판단과제에 있어서는 영어를 이용한 선행연구들과 동일하게 긍정-참 >긍정-거짓>부정-거짓>부정-참의 순서를 확인할 수 있었다(높은 정확도, 짧은 반응 시간 순서). 그러나 ERP 결과에서는 선행 연구와는 다른 몇 가지 점을 발견하였다. 우선 어휘적 부정문의 경우 이른 시간 구간(250-350ms)에서의 N400효과를 확인할 수 있었지만 긍정문과 부정문을 아우르는 진리치 요인의 주 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 통사적 부정문의 경우 부정-참에 비하여 부정 거짓문장에서 P600 효과를 발견하였다. 이러한 결과는 표층적으로 나타나는 부정의 형태 및 위치와 같은 언어 특수적 요인에 대한 처리 전략은 각 언어별, 부정 종류별로 달라질 수 있지만 부정 처리의 결과로 얻어지는 문장의 최종 표상 및 이에 대한 진리치 판단의 기제는 언어 및 부정어 종류의 영향을 받지 않는 보편적인 특성을 지닌다는 것을 보여준다.