• Language and Information
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.129-152
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• 2002

This paper argues for a need to adopt a conceptually radical approach to zero anaphora resolution in Korean. It is shown that a number of apparently conflicting constraints, mostly motivated by lexical, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic factors, are involved in determining the referential identity of zero pronouns in Korean. It is also argued that some of the major concepts of Optimality Theory can provide a good theoretical framework to predict the antecedents to zero pronouns in general. A partial formalization of 07-based constraints at the morpho-syntactic and lexico-semantical level is provided. It is argued that the lexico-semantic restrictions on adjacent expressions play the most important role in the anaphora resolution process along with a variant of the binding principle, formulated in semantic terms. Other pragmatically motivated constraints that incorporate some important intuitions of Centering Theory are proposed too.

• Language and Information
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.105-128
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• 2002

Morphologically annotated corpora are the basis for many tasks of computational linguistics. Most current approaches use statistically driven methods of morphological analysis, that provide just POS-tags. While this is sufficient for some applications, a rule-based full morphological analysis also yielding lemmatization and segmentation is needed for many others. This work thus aims at 〔1〕 introducing a rule-based Korean morphological analyzer called Kormoran based on the principle of linearity that prohibits any combination of left-to-right or right-to-left analysis or backtracking and then at 〔2〕 showing how it on be used as a POS-tagger by adopting an ordinary technique of preprocessing and also by filtering out irrelevant morpho-syntactic information in analyzed feature structures. It is shown that, besides providing a basis for subsequent syntactic or semantic processing, full morphological analyzers like Kormoran have the greater power of resolving ambiguities than simple POS-taggers. The focus of our present analysis is on Korean text.

• Language and Information
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 1999

The purpose of this paper is to expand Stowell (1993), Stowell (1995), Stowell (1996)'s syntactic analysis of tense in English. Stowell treats Tense as a dyadic predicate of temporal ordering which takes those two time-denoting phrases as its arguments. He further argues that those two morphemes 'resent' and 'past' are polarity-sensitive elements encoding an LF-scope relation with respect to true PAST tense. This paper proposes that English future 'will' should be treated as a true tense and that its future morpheme is an anti-PAST polarity item. It also provides a syntactic interpretation of a peculiar morphological aspect of English that it has no future form of the verb. To this end, Stowell's analysis is incorporated into the Minimalist program of Chomsky(1995). It is proposed that, unlike in other languages like French and Spanish, FUTURE in English is of an affix. This provides an intuitively correct description of why English verbs do not have a future form like other languages. The last but not least point which this paper will discuss is that Ogihara (1995a)'s claim that the referential theory of tensed sentences is inadequate is untenable.

• Language and Information
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.21-37
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• 1999

The purpose of this paper is to propose a theory for the interpretation of VP-ellipsis. Although there have been various proposals such as Sag(1976), Williams(1977), Darlymple et al.(1991), there remain many problems, especially with respect to the interpretation of pronouns. Assuming that a coordinate sentence forms a kind of discourse, we propose a theory which consists of two subparts, i. e. a revised HPSG for the syntactic treatment and a so-called 'default-inheritance' mechanism for the interpretation of elliptical parts. By means of this theory, we can explain various elliptical constructions of Fiengo and May(1994), in which pronouns are interpreted ambiguously within the elliptical conjuncts of coordinate sentences according to the related syntactic and the discourse structures.

• Language and Information
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.77-96
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• 2007

This paper investigates syntactic variations in English such as Dative Alternation, Particle Inversion, and Object Postposition (Heavy NP Shift) within the framework of Optimality Theory, and shows that the same set of morphological, informational, and processing constraints affect all these variations. In particular, it shows that the variants that used to be regarded as ungrammatical are in fact used fairly often in reality, especially when processing or informational conditions are met, and therefore, grammatical judgment may not be always categorical but sometimes gradient. It is argued that the notion of distance in constraint ranking in stochastic OT can effectively explain the gradience and variability of grammaticality in the variation phenomena.

• Korean Linguistics
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• v.65
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• pp.295-320
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• 2014

The idiom is listed in the lexicon, because it's meaning cannot be inferred from it's constituents. And the idiom is a single semantic unit. Thus the idiom is inserted to the syntax in the quality of a word. But the idiom is not always inserted to the syntax as a word. In the process generating the sentence, we can recognize the categorial property of the idiom that it is formally equal to the syntactic phrase. Then each of the constituents of the idiom can be inserted to the syntax. This is why the syntactic operation(as modification, topicalization, relativization, etc) can be applied to the constituent of the idiom. In this respect the idiom is a flexible construction as the listeme of a lexicon. The flexible property of the idiom is related to the dynamicity of a lexicon. The formal or semantic transformation of the idiom is the good example to show the dynamicity of a lexicon.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.24
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• pp.157-169
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• 2011

Compared to studies on prosodic effects on the comprehension of syntactic ambiguity in English, there are relatively few that investigated prosodic effects in East-Asian languages. This study examined the role of prosodic information in processing syntactically ambiguous sentences in Japanese. For syntactically ambiguous sentences containing relative clauses, this paper investigated whether prosodic information is immediately available during the process of these ambiguous sentences. Results from an auditory comprehension experiment with an on-line, cross-modal naming task seemingly suggest that contrary to the findings from the off-line study that examined the same constructions, prosodic information may not be immediately available to Japanese listeners. A possible account for failure to obtain effects of prosodic information is provided.

• Korean Linguistics
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• v.48
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• pp.193-221
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• 2010

The goal of this paper is to reanalyze the structure of 'eumcikha(음직하)' in Korean. We have several important previous works for it. This paper argued against previous works and pointed outd their problems. At first, this paper regarded the construction of 'eumcikha' as one of the modality dependent noun constructions. In this paper I proposed some possibilities of new structure of 'eumcikha'. 1) The structure of 'eumcikha' is not regarded as the 'embedded sentence+upper sentence' construction. 2) It is not also considered as the 'main verb+auxiliary verb' construction. 3) It is not recognized as a morphological one unit, although they have lots of in common. In this paper, I proposed that the construction of 'eumcikha' has both syntactic property and morphological property. Owing to these properties, it is so difficult to determine the structure of it.

• Korean Linguistics
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• v.74
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• pp.1-24
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• 2017

This paper investigated -eullanjira sentence as a kind of construction of the Southwestern dialect in Korea. Five informants were selected to form the main corpus of -eullanjira. Through analyzing the corpus, its semantic, syntactic and morphological characteristics were figured out. Firstly, a view of construction grammar was adopted to capture the semantic and syntactic characteristics of -eullanjira. The construction of -eullanjira was established as "Xdo Yeullanjira Z". Syntactically, -do was found to be a common auxiliary particle, which allowed nouns, adverbs, verbs and adjectives to appear at the position of X, while only verbs and adjectives could appear at the position of Y. Subject-honorific, causative and passive prefinal endings could coexist with Y, while tense and modal prefinal endings could not. Z was an embedded clause, which had the semantic feature of [-DOUBT], meaning 'it should be done undoubtedly'. The formation of -eullanjira was next examined both diachronically and synchronically. It was found there was a conjuntive ending of Middle Korean, corresponding -eullanjira, namely, -landai. Finally, -eullanjira was newly analyzed as [[-eulla-]+[-n-ji-ra]].

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.866-878
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• 2021

Procedures play a key role in ensuring safe operation at nuclear power plants (NPPs). Development and maintenance of a large number of procedures reflecting the best knowledge available in all relevant areas is a complex job. This paper introduces a newly developed methodology and the implemented software, called iExtractor, for the extraction of syntactic and semantic information from NPP procedures utilizing natural language processing (NLP)-based technologies. The steps of the iExtractor integrated with sets of rules and an ontology for NPPs are described in detail with examples. Case study results of the iExtractor applied to selected procedures of a U.S. commercial NPP are also introduced. It is shown that the iExtractor can provide overall comprehension of the analyzed procedures and indicate parts of procedures that need improvement. The rich information extracted from procedures could be further utilized as a basis for their enhanced management.