• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.212-219
• /
• 2004

Three isolates of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) from lily plants showing mosaic and distortion symptoms were detected by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primers specific to Cucumovirus genus namely, LK-CMV, LK4-CMV, and LKS-CMV. Restriction enzymes patterns of the RT-PCR products revealed that the lily isolates belonged to subgroup IA of CMV. In terms of biological properties, the lily isolates have highly similar but distinct pathogenicity as reported in other lily strains and ordinary strains of CMV. To characterize the molecular properties, cDNAs containing coat protein (CP) gene and 3' non-coding region (NCR) of RNA3 for the isolates were cloned and their nucleotide sequences were determined. The CP similarity (218 amino acids) was highly homologous (>97％) with that of subgroup I CMV strains. However, an additional 20-nulcleotide long segment was only present in 3' NCR of lily isolates, which form an additional stem-loop RNA structure. By using chimeric construct exchange cDNA containing 3'NCR of LK-CMV into the full-length cDNA clone of RNA3 of Fny-CMV, this additional segment may prove to be significant in the identification and fitness of the virus in lily plants. The pathology of zucchini squash infected by F1F2L3-CMV, a pseudorecombinant virus was showed to change drastically the severe mosaic and stunting symptom into a mild chlorotic spot on systemic leave, compared with Fny-CMV. To delimit the sequence of RNA3 affected the pathology, various RNA3 chimeras were constructed between two strains of CMV. The symptom determinants of F1F2L3-CMV were mapped to the positions amino acid 234, 239, and 250 in 3a movement protein (MP). RNA3 chimeras changed the sequences encoding three amino acids were resulted in alteration of systemic symptom.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.316-322
• /
• 2014

Recently, a Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strain, named as CMV-209, was isolated from Glycine soja. In this study, symptom expression of CMV-209 was analyzed in detail in Nicotiana benthamiana by comparing with that of CMV-Fny, which is a representative strain of CMV. Using infectious cDNA clones of CMV strains 209 and Fny, symptom expression of various pseudorecombinants between these two strains were examined in the early and late infection stages. In the early infection stage, the pseudorecombinants containing Fny-RNA2 induced stunting and leaf distortion on the newly emerged leaves whereas the pseudorecombinants containing 209-RNA2 caused no obvious symptoms. In the late infection stage, the pseudorecombinants containing 209-RNA1 and Fny-RNA2 induced severe leaf distortion and stunting, while CMV-209 induced mild symptom and CMV-Fny caused typical mosaic, general stunting, and leaf distortion symptoms, indicating that RNA 2 encodes a symptom determinant(s) of CMV, which is capable of enhancing symptoms. Furthermore, our results support the possibility that natural recombination between compatible viruses can result in emergence of novel viruses causing severe damages in crop fields.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.129-133
• /
• 2003

The factors for symptom development caused by Beat curly top virus(BCTV) have been analyzed by using a molecular genetic approach based on expressing BCTV encoded proteins in transgenic plants. BCTV open reading frame (ORF) L4 expression in transgenic Arabidopsis resulted in abnormal plant development and the production of callus inflorescence stems and bumpy trichomes, confiming that this gene alone is a primary symptom determinant. The L4 gene expression by northern hybridization in transgenic plants and a range of phenotypes were analyzed.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.272-280
• /
• 2007

Isolates of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) collected in Korea, were compared with their pathological features in tobacco and zucchini squash. Full-length cDNA clone of RNA3 was generated by using long-distance RT-PCR. Transcript RNA3 from the cDNA clone was inoculated onto host plants with transcripts RNA1 and RNA2 of Fny strain, generating RNA3-pseudorecombinant CMV. Timing and severity of systemic symptom was not significantly different among the pseudorecombinant CMVs in tobacco, compared with strains Fny-CMV and Pf-CMV. However, the pseudorecombinant CMVs induced two different systemic symptoms (mosaic vs. chlorotic spot) in zucchini squash. Based on symptom induction, the pseudorecombinant CMVs were categorized into two classes. The severity and timing of symptoms were correlated with viral RNA accumulations in systemic leaves of zucchini squash, suggesting that different kinetics of virus movement associated with CMV proteins are crucial for systemic infection and symptom development in zucchini squash. The analysis of movement proteins (MP) of CMV strains showed high sequence homology, but the differences of several amino acids were found in the C-terminal region between Class-I-CMV and Class-II-CMV. The analysis of coat proteins (CP) showed that the CMV isolates tested belonged to CMV subgroup I and the viruses shared overall 87-99% sequence identity in their genomes. Phylogenetic analysis of MP and CP suggested that biological properties of Korean CMV isolates have relationships associated with host species.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.171-176
• /
• 2003

The complete nucleotide sequences of the genomic RNAs of Soybean mosaic virus strains GS (SMV-G5) and G7H (SMV-G7H) were determined and compared with sequences of other SMV strains. Each viral RNA was determined to be 9588 nucleotides in length excluding the poly (A) tail and contained an open reading frame to encode a polyprotein subsequently processed into up to ten proteins by proteolytic cleavage. Com-parison of the amino acid sequences with those of other SMV strains showed high percentage of amino acid sequence homology with the same genome organization. The nucleotide and the deduced amino acid sequences between SMV-G5 and SMV-G7H were greater than 99% identity. When compared with those of other SMV strains in a phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences, they formed a distinct virus clade showing over 97％ amino acid identity, but were more distantly related to the other potyvirus (44.1-69.6% identity). Interestingly, SMV G7H strain caused a severe mosaic or necrosis symptom in soybean cultivars including Jinpum-1, Jinpum-2, and Sodam, whereas, no symptom was observed in SMV-G5 inoculation. Complete nucleotide sequences of these strains will give clues for determining symptom determinant(s) in future research.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.250-260
• /
• 2005

This study was designed to find the symptom prevalence rates of musculoskeletal disorders and the risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders among selected hair dressers. Methods; The survey were conducted from July 1 to 30, 2004 for 459 hair dressers working in Seoul and Gwangju using self-administration questionnaire. The risk factors on musculoskeletal disorders have analysed by multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study are summarized as follows: The experience rate of musculoskeletal disorders symptom in the last one year was 56.4%. The experience rates of each body parts were 36.4% on the shoulders, 30.5% on the legs and the feet, 28.5% on the low back, 27.0% on the hand and the fingers, 23.3% on the neck and 17.0% on the arms and the elbows. The prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders symptom in the last one week was 40.5%, those of each body parts were 24.0% on the legs and the feet, 21.4% on the shoulders, 20.7% on the low back, 15.7% on the hand and the wrists, 15.0% on the neck, 9.4% on the arms. The risk factors on musculoskeletal disorders were working posture(${\beta}=0.32$), perceived stress(${\beta}=0.19$), working period(${\beta}=0.16$), standing working over 10 hour(${\beta}=0.16$), hard working(${\beta}=0.11$). The adjusted determinant coefficient($R^2$) of this regression model was 0.267. Based on the results, in order to prevent musculoskeletal disorders of hair dressers, working posture shall be improved and leisure opportunities to relieve stress, and health management program shall be provided.

• The Korean Journal of Medicine
• /
• v.99 no.2
• /
• pp.57-60
• /
• 2024

Cardiac disease is the second leading cause of mortality in Korea and the main cardiac disease is acute myocardial infarction (MI). Timely primary coronary intervention is the main treatment for acute MI and delay from symptom onset to intervention is the most important determinant of the prognosis and incidence of ischemic cardiomyopathy after acute MI. Treatment delay includes patient delay and system delay. The latter includes transfer and in-hospital delays. In-hospital delay improved greatly after introducing the critical pathway to Korea. However, there is still much room to improve patient and transfer delay.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.162-175
• /
• 1999

The study was intended to investigate and explore the preimenstrual symptoms, their severity levels, their patterns and the relationships of the age to those symptoms and patterns among Korean women. The data were collected from 844 women in one highschool, one Nursing college and one Korea National Open University in Seoul, from Nov, 1997 to Jun. 1998. The instruments were the Menstrual Symptoms Questionnaire developed by Chesney and the Center for Epidemiologic studies Depression scale developed by Radloff. the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple comparison test, $X^2$-test, simple regression analysis and logistic regression analysis using pc-SAS program. The results were as follows ; 1. Korean women had more symptoms of abdominal bloating, fatigue, abdominal discomfort and backache in perimenstrual period. There Teenages had more symptoms of depression and uterine cramps in the day before or the first day of menstruation. Women in their twenties had more symptoms of abdominal pain or abdominal discomfort, backache, abdominal bloating and the sensitiveness /discomforts in the lower back, abdomen and inner part of thighs. women in their thirties had more symptoms of abdominal bloating, fatigue, tension and nervousness before the menstruation, abdominal discomfort and backpain in the first day of menstruation. Women in their forties had more symptoms of backache, breast discomforts, abdominal pain and discomforts. 2. The severity levels of the perimenstrual symptoms showed the highest score(mean=2.73) in twenties and the lowest score)mean=1.96) in forties The perimenstrual symptom patterns were prevailed the spasmodic menstrual symptoms in teenage and twenties and the congestive menstrual symptoms in thirties and forties. The age was a determinant of perimenstrual symptom patterns and the precipitative equation was log[p(age)/(1-p(age)]=2.7356-0.0982 age. 3. The relationship of the age to perimenstrual symptoms was vanished or lessened, controlling for parity as a test factor. this finding supports the notion that parity is an extraneous variable.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.71.2-71
• /
• 2003

Ralstonia solancearum infects many solanaceous plants, however race 3 infects only potato and tomato weakly. To identify genes responsible for race specificity of R. solanacearum, we mobilized genomic library of LSD2029 (race 3) into LSD341 (race 1) and inoculated 1,000 transconjugants into hot pepper. One transconjugant that did not induce wilt symptom in hot pepper was isolated. We found that a cosmid clone, pRSl, conferred avirulence to LSD341. By deletion and mutational analyses of pRSl, we found the 0.9-kb PstI/Hindlll fragment carries avirulence functions. We sequenced the fragment and identified one possible open reading frame, a rsal gene, possibly encoding 110 amino acids. The rsal was preceded with a plant-inducible promoter (PIP) box, indicating that the gene might be regulated by HrpB. Interestingly, the promoter region of the rsal homolog in the strain GM11000 (race 1) did not have the PIP box. Rsal did not show any significant homologies with proteins in the database, indicating th e protein is different from the previously reported avirulence proteins. When we mutated the rsal gene by marker-exchange in LSD2029, the mutant was less virulent in potato.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.415-425
• /
• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to identify and compare factors associated with intention to receive Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine between male and female undergraduate students. Methods: In the fall of 2010, 479 students responded to self-administered questionnaires about their intention to receive HPV vaccine, HPV knowledges, HPV related involvements and optimistic bias, subject's characteristics including opinion about HPV vaccine. Mann-Whitney U test, uni-variate and multi-variate logistic regression were used for data analysis with SPSS/WIN. Results: Intention to receive vaccine were 22.0% of men and 25.0% of women. There were significantly different in HPV knowledge (Z=-2.74, p=.006), optimistic bias (Z=-4.60, p<.001), vaccine is necessary for women (Z=-4,30, p<.001), vaccine is necessary for men (Z=-4.37, p<.001), vaccine is necessary if only symptom exist (Z=-4.52, p<.001), but there were not different in intention to receive vaccine, involvement between men and women. Concern about vaccine safety (OR=3.19, 95% CI 1.63~6.23) was determinant of intention to receive HPV vaccine for men. Conclusion: This study showed gender differences in HPV knowledge, HPV related optimistic bias and opinion about HPV vaccine, which would be assessed and well managed in tailored HPV education for enhancing HPV vaccine acceptance.