• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.82-87
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• 2003

Flow angle with Swirl in a horizontal circular tube and a cylindrical annuli were experimentally studied for its visualization. This present investigation deals with flow angle, flow visualization studies and vortex core by using oil smoke and a hot wire anemometer for Re = 40,000 and 50000 at X/D = 41, 59 and 71 in a horizontal circular tube. In the swirl air flow, a vortex core was formed at high swirl intensity along the test tube. The flow angle and the vortex core depended on the swirl intensity along the test tube. The results of flow angles with swirl measured by flow visualization and hot wire reasonably agree with those of Sparrow One of the primary objectives of this research was to measure the flow angle with swirl in a cylindrical annuli along the test tube for different Reynolds numbers. The Reynolds number for these measurements ranged from 60,000 to 100,000 with L/D = a to 4.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.997-1004
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• 2001

Burner of Flat Flame type expects the uniform flame distribution and NOx reduction. The characteristics of Flat Flame Burner become different according to swirl number in the burner throat. Experiments were focused on swirl effect by four types of swirler with different swirl numbers (0, 0.26, 0.6 and 1.24). It shows many different flow patterns according to swirl number using PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry) method. The flow of burner with swirler is recirculated by pressure difference between its center and outside. Recirculated air makes stable in flame, and reduced pollutant gas. In case of swirl number 0, main flow passes through axial direction. As swirl number increased, The backward flow develops in the center part of burner and Flow gas recirculates. This is caused by radial flow momentum becomes larger than axial flow by swirled air and the pressure at center drops against surrounding. As swirl number increases, the radial and axial velocity was confirmed to be larger than low swirl numbers. And turbulence intensity have similar pattern. The CTRZ(Central Toroidal Recirculation Zone) is shown evidently when y/D=1 and S=1.24. The boundary-layer between main flow and recirculated flow is shown that the width is seen to be decreased as swirl number increased.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.129-137
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• 2006

This paper studies the effects of the swirl for the variation of intake port configuration that is key parameters in the flow field of direct injection diesel engines. In-cylinder flow characteristics is known to have significant effects on air-fuel mixing, combustion, and emissions. To investigate the effects of the swirl flow, various rpm(250, 500, 750) and two different intake port were used. And to evaluate the swirl motion in the flow field visualization engine, steady state flow test was conducted. Helical port intake port and SCV(Swirl Control Valve) were selected as the design parameters to increase the swirl flow and parametric study was performed. In the case of non-SCV, intake flow rate and non-dimensional swirl ratio were higher than those of SCV for the swirl head type. So, we could strengthen the swirl in the flow field with the swirl head type and don't using SCV. From the results of steady state flow test, non-swirl head type has the most good advantage for intake flow rate, and also the flow rate could be increased by using the SCV slightly. The effects of the type of engine head on intake air flow capability are dominant with respect to the existence of the SCV. We could measure the qualitative grade of swirl by capturing the scattering signal of microballoon from ICCD camera in the visualization diesel engine.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.879-888
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• 2003

Swirling air flow in a horizontal round tube was experimentally studied for its visualization. The present investigation deals with swirl angle, flow visualization studies and accompanying vortex core behavior by using oil smoke and a hot wire anemometer for Re = 40,000 and 50000 at X/D = 41, 59 and 71. In the swirl air flow, a vortex core was formed at high swirl intensity along the test tube. The swirl angle and the vortex core depended on the swirl intensity along the test tube. The results of swirl angles measured by flow visualization and hot wire reasonably agree with those of previous studies.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.201-202
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• 2012

The isothermal flow structure and mixing characteristics of a hybrid/dual swirl jet combustor for micro-gas turbine were numerically investigated. Location of pilot nozzle, angle and direction of swirl vane were varied as main parameters with constant fuel flow rates for each nozzle. As a result, the variation in location of pilot nozzle resulted in significant change in turbulent flow field near burner exit, in particular, center toroidal recirculation zone (CTRZ) as well as turbulent intensity, and thus flame stability and emission characteristics might be significantly changed. The swirl angle of $45^{\circ}$ provided similar recirculating flow patterns in a wide range of equivalence ratio (0.5~1.0). Compared to the co-swirl flow, the counter-swirl flow leaded to the reduction in CTRZ and fuel-air mixing near the burner exit and a weak interaction between the pilot partially premixed flame and the lean premixed flame. With the comparison of experimental results, it was confirmed that the case of co-swirl flow and swirl $angle=45^{\circ}$ would provided an optimized combustor performance in terms of flame stability and pollutant emissions.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1669-1678
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• 1990

The annular and coaxial swirl flows between which LPG is supplied was selected to study the swirling flames in double co-swirl flows. The objective of this study is to research into the effects of double co-swirl flow conditions on the stability limit, the reverse flow boundary, and the time mean temperature distributions of the swirling flames. The increase of swirl intensity of axial flow makes the stability limit decrease, but the annular swirl flow (SM>0.5) makes stability and swirl intensity of axial flow increase, And the existence of axial swirl flow makes flame intensive and small in size, and this may be applicable to the design of high power compact combustor.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1655-1662
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• 2002

Recently, many researches have been performed to improve the performance of the combustion and emission in a D.I.Diesel engine. And many new techniques have been introduced and developed to reduce NO$_{x}$ and soot exhausted from diesel combustion. Some of these methods have the peculiar injection timing which is not used to traditional timing. To optimize these injection timing, characteristics of swirl flow and interaction of swirl with injection in the diesel engine should be investigated more carefully. Therefore, in this study, 2-zone energy method is adopted for the understanding of swirl flow in condition of moving piston, and then flame visualizations and image process are performed. From these studies, the characteristics of the swirl flow generated by SCV was investigated and the effect of swirl on injection timing was elucidated. As the results, velocity distribution caused by swirl flow increase the space utilization rate of flame plums. And flame plums of weak momentum are remained inside of combustion chamber by the swirl flow.w.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.74-82
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• 2006

This paper describes the steady flow characteristics due to PDA and tumble control valve in combustion chamber. We also investigated the flow inclination angle defined as the inverse tangent of non-dimensional rig tumble(NRT) devided by non-dimensional rig swirl(NRS) to find dominant flow direction. So we adapted two different types of PDA valve(port deactivation valve) to strengthen a swirl flow. The in-cylinder swirl flow different tendency between with/without PDA valve. It might be thought to be affected by swirl flow. We could find that tumble ratio and swirl ratio is different by PDA valve. The comparison are taked account of the swirl, the tumble ratio comparison in same mass flow rate. As a result, PDA valve is better than tumble control valve both in steady flow condition and swirl, tumble ratio. The data from present study are available for design of engine as the basic data.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.46-53
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• 2001

To optimize the intake flow condition in the heavy-duty LPG SI engine, five different swirl ratios of intake port were investigated experimentally by oil spot method, LDV and single cylinder engine test. The flow characteristics near the piston surface were observed by oil spot method and magnitudes of swirl flow were measured quantatively by LDV method in the steady flow rig. The engine performances of various swirl flow were also tested with the heavy-duty LPG SI single cylinder engine. In the results, high swirl ratio, above $R_s$=2.3, was not suitable to develope a stable flame kernel and to produce high engine performance. Especially it was more serious under lean burn conditions, since turbulence intensity was smaller than bulk flow though those are increased together. These results were also confirmed by LDV measurement and oil spot method. On the contrary, low swirl ratio($R_s$=1.3) is not good to propagate a flame since the turbulence intensity and bulk flow are vanished during compression stroke and low swirl ratio has too weak initial energy for stable combustion. Therefore, the of optimized swirl ratio f3r the heavy-duty LPG engine in this work was found around $R_s$=2.0.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.466-475
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• 2003

The gun-type gas burner adopted in this study is generally composed of eight slits and swirl vanes. Thus, this paper is studied to investigate the effect of slits and swirl vanes on the turbulent flow fields in the horizontal plane of gas swirl burner with a cone type baffle plate measured by using X-probe from hot-wire anemometer system. This experiment is carried out at flow rate 450 $\ell$/min in the test section of subsonic wind tunnel. The axial mean velocity component in the case of burner model with only swirl vanes shows the characteristic that spreads more remarkably toward the radial direction than axial one, it does, however, directly opposite tendency in the case of burner model with only slits. Consequently. both slits and swirl vanes composing of gun-type gas burner play an important role in decrease of the speed near slits and increase of the flow speed in the central part of a burner because the biggest speed spurted from slits encircles rotational flow by swirl vanes and it drives main flow toward the axial direction. Moreover, the turbulent intensities and turbulent kinetic energy of gun-type gas burner are distributed with a fairly bigger size within X/R<0.6410 than burner models which have only slits or swirl vanes because the rotational flow by swirl vanes and the fast jet flow by slits increase flow mixing, diffusion, and mean velocity gradient effectively.