• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.59-70
• /
• 2006

Objective : This study was performed to investigate the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of WooBangHaeGiTang on the Allergic Contact dermatitis. Method : Contact hypersensitivity assay, video microscope, WBC count, RBU count, neutrophil ratio, lymphpcyte ratio and GOT & GPT were measurd. Result : 1. At Contact hypersensitivity Aasay, at 24 hours after Control group & Sample group showed appreciably more ear swelling than Normal group, at 48 hours after Control group showed more ear swelling than Normal group & Sample group, at 72 hours after Control group & Sample group showed more ear swelling than Normal group 2. Regarding the number of WBC, at 24 or 48 hours after There are no significant difference among Normal group, Control group. Sample group, at 72 hours after Sample group showed more WBC than Control group. 3. Regarding the number of RBC, at 24 hours after Control group showed more RBC than Normal group, at 48 hours after Control group & Sample group showed more RBC than Normal group. at 72 hours after Control group showed more RBC than Normal group. 4. Regarding the percentage of neutrophil in WBC, at 24 & 48 hours after Control group & Sample group showed higher percentage than Normal group. 5. Regarding the percentage of Lymphocyte in WBC, at 24 hours after Sample group showed lower percentage than Normal group, at 48 hours after Sample group & Control group showed lower percentage than Normal group. 6. Regarding the GOT & GPT in blood, the GOT & GPT are in Normal scale, so there are no Hepatotoxicity in Normal group, Control group, Sample group. Conclusions : According to above experiments, WooBangHaeGiTang have some anti allergy effects on allergic contact dermatitis.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.46-57
• /
• 2007

The leachability of boron in zinc borate (ZB)-modified oriented strandboard (OSB) from southern wood species was investigated in this study. The leaching experiments were conducted by exposing edge-sealed OSB samples under running water at $31^{\circ}C$ for 8, 24, 72, and 216 h. The results from leached samples were compared with those from the unleached controls. Boron leaching of the modified OSB occurred upon the initial water exposure, and the leaching rate decreased as the leaching time increased. Initial boric acid equivalent (BAE) level, wood species, and sample thickness swelling significantly influenced the leachability. There was no consistent effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on zinc borate leaching. The glue-line washing within OSB due to thickness swelling of the test samples under water and decomposition of the borate to form water-soluble boric acid were thought to be two possible causes for the observed leaching. The relationship between assayed BAE and leaching time followed a decaying exponential function for zinc borate treated OSB. From the boron/zinc ratio after each leaching period, boron element in ZB was more or less leachable. The material constant of the regression models allowed comparing the leachability of the modified OSB for various wood species. An unified leaching method for treated wood composite materials is needed.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.5 no.5
• /
• pp.520-528
• /
• 2003

Chitosan was depolymerized by oxidizing agent, hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) and general properties of resulting low molecular weight chitosan(LMWC) were studied. Effect of amount of $H_2O_2$, ratio of $H_2O_2$/chitosan, and reaction temperature were investigated in preparing LMWC. In addition, the reduction of molecular weight of prepared LMWC were measured after a certain time passage. Pre-swelling treatment of starting chitosan affected uniform and mild reaction of depolymerization and increased the solubility of resulting LMWC. Prepared LMWC (Mw 100,000) showed a decrease in Mw by 25-35%. Prepared LMWC(Mw 60,000-70,000) showed a decrease in Mw by 10-15% after 7 months. Therefore, this depolymerizing process can be concluded desirable in terms of stability. In addition, yellowing of pre-swelling treated chitosan upon time passage was insignificant compared with that of untreated chitosan. Therefore, pre-swelling treatment of chitosan before depolymerization would be beneficial in terms of stability of physical state.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to use a ternary polymeric matrix system for high drug loading of a highly soluble drug for controlled release delivery. The controlled drug delivery of diltiazem HCl (solubility > 50% in water at $25^{\circ}C$) with high loading dose (the final loading dose of drug was 34%) from a ternary polymeric matrix (gelatin, pectin, HPMC) was successfully accomplished. This simple monolithic system with 240 mg drug loading provided near zero-order release over a 24 hour-period by which time the system was completely dissolved. The release kinetics of diltiazem HCl tablet with high loading dose from the designed ternary polymeric system was dependent on the ratios of HPMC : pectin binary mixture. The release rate increased as pectin : HPMC ratio were increased. Swelling behavior of the ternary system and the ionic interaction of formulation components with cationic diltiazem molecule appear to control drug diffusion and the release kinetics. Comparable release profiles between commercial product and the designed system were obtained. The binding study between gelatin with diltiazem HCl showed the presence of two binding sites for drug interaction with subsequent controlled diffusion upon swelling. This designed delivery system is easy to manufacture and drug release behavior is highly reproducible and offers advantages over the existing commercial product.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.66-70
• /
• 2014

In order to the feasibility of silk materials as protein delivery system, silk beads incorporated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were prepared by dropping silk fibroin extract into dope solution composed of ethanol and dichloromethane. Structural and morphological characteristics of silk beads were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectrometry, and X-ray diffractometry. Swelling ratio of silk beads was also measured. Release behavior of prototypical protein, BSA, was studied by observing the electropheretic phenomenon and release profile. SEM showed that silk beads are spherical with porous interior structure. Infrared spectrometry and X-ray diffraction confirm that the silk beads have a ${\beta}$-sheet conformation. The swelling capability of silk beads increased with the incorporation of the protein. The protein was released from the beads with slow release following an initial burst release. Therefore, silk beads show promise as materials for encasing protein drugs to be delivered to targets in the human body.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.396-404
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the features, risk scores and risk factors for deep vein thrombosis in critically ill patients who developed deep vein thrombosis in their lower extremities. Methods: The participants in this prospective descriptive study were 175 adult patients who did not receive any prophylactic medication or mechanical therapy during their admission in the intensive care unit. Results: The mean age was 62.24 (${\pm}17.28$) years. Men made up 54.9% of the participating patients. There were significant differences in age, body mass index, and leg swelling between patients who developed deep vein thrombosis and those who did not have deep vein thrombosis. The mean risk score was 6.71(${\pm}2.94$) and they had on average 4.01(${\pm}1.35$) risk factors. In the multiple logistic regression, body mass index (odds ratio=1.14) and leg swelling (odds ratio=6.05) were significant predictors of deep vein thrombosis. Conclusion: Most critically ill patients are in the potentially high risk group for deep vein thrombosis. However, patients who are elderly, obese or have leg edema should be closely assessed and more than one type of active prophylactic intervention should be provided.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.381-389
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to select an ingredient acting as a natural emulsifier to retard the retrogradation of rice cake by the measurement of mechanical characteristics of the cakes. For the purpose, Backsulgi, the most basic type of rice cake, was prepared by adding various ingredients having high contents of lecithin such as raw soybean powder, parched soybean powder, soybean oil, egg yolk powder, and the measurements and observations on the chromaticity, swelling power, pore ratio and cross-section were made. In addition, changes in the textural characteristics of Backsulgi samples were determined while storing them at the temperatures of 4$^{\circ}C$ and 20$^{\circ}C$ for 0, 1, 2 and 3 days. The results of the study were as follows: 1. In terms of chromaticity, the Backsulgi samples added with egg yolk powder, raw soybean flour and parched soybean flour were higher in yellowness(b) than the controls. 2. Both swelling power and pore ratio of Backsulgies added with raw soybean flour were higher than those of controls. 3. A cross-sectional observation using an electron microscope indicated that rice flour particles of controls had uneven pores and were conglomerated in a large lump while Backsulgi samples of raw soybean flour or roasted soybean flour had large and even pores and showed loosened bonding to be transformed into a sponge shape. 4. In hardness, Backsulgi samples added with raw soybean flour had less changes in hardness than that of controls, indicating that the effect of retarding retrogradation was higher when the storage time got longer.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.111-125
• /
• 2017

Swelling and shrinkage characteristics of expansive fine grained soil cause volumetric changes followed by distress and damage to the structures. Soil stabilization can be explained as the alteration of the soil properties by chemical, mechanical or any other means in order to enhance the engineering properties of the soil. Utilization of industrial wastes in soil stabilization is cost effective and environment friendly. This paper presents an experimental study on stabilization of expansive soil using industrial wastes, viz. fly ash and dolochar. The paper includes the evaluation of engineering properties like unconfined compressive strength and California bearing ratio (CBR) of expansive soil collected from Balasore district of Odisha stabilized with fly ash and dolochar in different proportions and to predict the influence of these additives on engineering properties and strength characteristics of expansive soil. Both fly ash and dolochar were found to increase the CBR and decrease many index properties such as liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index, swelling index and UCS, thus enhancing the strength parameters of expansive soil.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.29 no.12
• /
• pp.1179-1186
• /
• 2006

Cross-linked starch microspheres were prepared using different kinds of cross-linking agents. The influence of several parameters on morphology, size, swelling ratio and drug release rate from these microspheres were evaluated. These parameters included cross-linker type, concentration and the duration of cross-linking reaction. Microspheres cross-linked with glutaraldehyde had smooth surface compared with those prepared with epichlorhydrine or formaldehyde. The particle size increased with increasing the cross-linking time and increasing the drug loading. Swelling ratio of the particles was a function of cross-linker type but not the concentration or time of cross-linking. Drug release from starch microspheres was measured in phosphate buffer and also in phosphate buffer containing a-amylase. Results showed that microspheres cross-linked with epichlorhydrine released all their drug content in the first 30 minutes. However, cross-linking of the starch microspheres with glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde decreased drug release rate. SEM and drug release studies showed that cross-linked starch microspheres were susceptible to the enzymatic degradation under the influence of alpha-amylase. Changing the enzyme concentration from 5000 to 10,000 IU/L, increased drug release rate but higher concentration of enzyme (20,000 IU/L) caused no more acceleration.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.445-450
• /
• 2005

Hyaluronic acid-based beads were prepared in order to develop a biomedical material for augumentation. Hyaluronic acid was crosslinked by 1,3-butadiene diepoxide in a suspension state maintained by rapid mixing of soybeen oil and hyaluronic acid solution. The particle size, surface area and swelling ratio were measured to investigate the physical properties of the synthesized beads and the bead surface was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The beads were formed in the range of $5-12vol\%$ concentration of crosslinking agent, which showed monodisperse size distribution. Both BET surface area and swelling ratio decreased as the concentration of either hyaluronic acid or crosslinking agent increased, and crosslinking temperature decreased. Bead size could be effectively controlled by mixing speed without affecting other physical property.