• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.430-436
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• 2001

Objective : The proliferative potential of intracranial glioma affects the histological malignancy and prognosis of patients with these tumors. In this study, we present the relationship between MIB-1 labeling index(LI) and clinical variables which might play the major role in determining the prognosis of patient with astrocytic tumors. Patients and Methods : Excised tumor specimens from a total of 52 patients were stained to detect monoclonal MIB-1-Ki-67 antibody by avidin-biotin complex immunohistochemistry. The MIB-1 LI was evaluated with histological grades, demograpghic data, and survival time. The statistical significance of their correlation was analyzed by Pearson correlation test. Results : The 52 patients included 30 male patients and 22 female patients. The tumors according to the criteria of the World Health Organization(WHO) classification were verified as pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma in one, pilocytic astrocytomas 4, astrocytomas 1, anaplastic astrocytomas 3, and glioblastomas 31. MIB-1 LI in astrocytic ttumors showed no correlation with age and gender. However, the patients under 10 years had the longest survival time, whereas short survival time was observed in the older patients. The mean MIB-1 LI of different tumor grades were as follows : pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, $4.40{\pm}0.00$ ; pilocytic astrocytoma, $4.53{\pm}3.09$ ; astrocytoma, $5.50{\pm}6.03$ ; anaplastic astrocytoma, $12.68{\pm}12.50$ ; Glioblastoma, $21.31{\pm}19.63$. Although the levels of MIB-1 LI were varied in individual tumors, the MIB-1 LI was increased in parallel with the histological grades. Glioblstomas showed significantly higher MIB-1 LI compared with that of anaplastic astrocytomas and low grade astrocytomas (p = 0.001). The mean survival time of entire group of patients was also well correlated with MIB-1 LI in astrocytic tumors(p = 0.015). Moreover, the mean survival time of the entire group of patients with Lis < 10 was $125.33{\pm}113.57weeks$, and the mean survival of those with $Lis{\geq}10$ was $60.71{\pm}62.58weeks$. This difference was also statistically significant(p = 0.004). Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that MIB-1 LI correlates with histological grades and might play a significant role in predicting the survival of patients with astrocytic tumors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.4013-4018
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• 2015

Objective: To explore the clinical application of recombinant human endostatin (Endostar) in the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Chinese mainland. Materials and Methods: A total of 75 patients diagnosed as NSCLC were randomly divided into control group (37 cases) and treatment group (38 cases). Control group was treated with postoperative complementary chemotherapy containing two-agent platinum protocol on postoperative d21, 3 weeks as a cycle, for totally 4~6 cycles. On this basis, treatment group was added with Endostar $7.5mg/m^2$ on postoperative d8~9, 3~4 h/time, qd, 14 weeks as a cycle, for totally 4 cycles. The interval between every two cycles was 7 d. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS), 5-year survival time and complications in both groups were observed. Results: Compared with control group, the average PFS increased evidently in treatment group by 9.8 months (41.6 months vs. 31.8 months), and there was significant difference (P<0.05). And the median PFS was 42.5 months in treatment group, obviously longer than that in control group (33.7 months) by 8.8 months (P<0.05). Additionally, the 5-year overall survival rate (OS), average survival time and median survival time (MST) were 47.4%, 50.1 months and 59.3 months in treatment group, significantly higher than the 29.7%, 42.1 months and 43.5 months in control group (P<0.05). Only 1 patient showed poor healing of surgical wound in treatment group, but no surgery-associated complication was found in control group. Moreover, the postoperative complementary therapy-connected complication rates were 63.2% (24/38) and 59.5% (22/37) in treatment group and control group respectively, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusions: The application of Endostar combined with sensitive platinum-contained chemotherapeutic agents in the postoperative complementary chemotherapy can be widely used in clinic because it can significantly prolong the long-term survival time of patients with NSCLC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.24
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• pp.10967-10970
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• 2015

Objective: To analyze the efficacy and survival associated factors of gefitinib combined with cisplatin and gemcitabine for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 57 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), who received platinum-based chemotherapy regimens for more than 1 cycle, were treated with gefitinib combined with cisplatin and gemcitabine until disease progression. Efficacy, survival time and adverse reactions were observed. The Kaplan-Meier method was adopted for analysis of survival and Cox regression for associated influencing factors. Results: The patients were followed up until October 31, 2013, and the median follow-up time was 19 months. Of 57 patients, there were 4 (7.0%) with complete remission (CR), 8 (14.0%) with partial remission, 31 (54.4%) with stable disease, and 14 (24.6%) with disease progression. The remission rate was 21.1% and the disease control rate was 75.4%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) time and the median overall survival time were 10 months and 15.2 months. The one-year, two-year and three-year survival rates were 47.4%, 23.3% and 10.0%. Gender and pathological types were the independent risk factors influencing PFS time (P=0.028, P=0.009). Tumor pathological type and early efficacy were independent factors for the prognosis (P=0.018, P=0.000). Adverse reactions were mostly rashes of I~II degree and diarrhea and slightly increasing level of aminopherase. The skin adverse event incidence of III degree or above was 1.8% (1/57) and brain metastasis was foudn in 31.6% (18/57). Conclusions: Gefitinib combined with cisplatin andgemcitabine, is effective for patients with IIIb~IV NSCLC who received multiple cycles of chemotherapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.1829-1831
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• 2012

Background: The generalized gamma distribution statistics constitute an extensive family that contains nearly all of the most commonly used distributions including the exponential, Weibull and log normal. A saturated version of the model allows covariates having effects through all the parameters of survival time distribution. Accelerated failure-time models assume that only one parameter of the distribution depends on the covariates. Methods: We fitted both the conventional GG model and the saturated form for each of its members including the Weibull and lognormal distribution; and compared them using likelihood ratios. To compare the selected parameter distribution with log logistic distribution which is a famous distribution in survival analysis that is not included in generalized gamma family, we used the Akaike information criterion (AIC; r=l(b)-2p). All models were fitted using data for 369 women age 50 years or more, diagnosed with stage IV breast cancer in BC during 1990-1999 and followed to 2010. Results: In both conventional and saturated parametric models, the lognormal was the best candidate among the GG family members; also, the lognormal fitted better than log-logistic distribution. By the conventional GG model, the variables "surgery", "radiotherapy", "hormone therapy", "erposneg" and interaction between "hormone therapy" and "erposneg" are significant. In the AFT model, we estimated the relative time for these variables. By the saturated GG model, similar significant variables are selected. Estimating the relative times in different percentiles of extended model illustrate the pattern in which the relative survival time change during the time. Conclusions: The advantage of using the generalized gamma distribution is that it facilitates estimating a model with improved fit over the standard Weibull or lognormal distributions. Alternatively, the generalized F family of distributions might be considered, of which the generalized gamma distribution is a member and also includes the commonly used log-logistic distribution.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.923-927
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• 2013

Objective: This work aims to investigate the therapeutic regimen of brain metastatic cancers and the relationship between clinical features and prognosis. Methods: Clinical data of 184 patients with brain metastatic cancers were collected and analysed for the relationship between survival time and age, gender, primary diseases, quantity of brain metastatic foci, their position, extra cranial lesions, and therapeutic regimens. Results: The average age of onset was 59.1 years old. The median survival time (MST) was 15.0 months, and the patients with breast cancer as the primary disease had the longest survival time. Females had a longer survival time than males. Patients with meningeal metastasis had extremely short survival time. Those with less than 3 brain metastatic foci survived longer than patients with more than 3. The MST of patients receiving radiotherapy only and the patients receiving chemotherapy only were all 10.0 months while the MST of patients receiving combination therapy was 16.0 months. Multiple COX regression analysis demonstrated that gender, primary diseases, and quantity of brain metastatic foci were independent prognostic factors for brain metastatic cancers. Conclusions: Chemotherapy is as important as radiotherapy in the treatment of brain metastatic cancer. Combination therapy is the best treatment mode. Male gender, brain metastatic cancers originating in the gastrointestinal tract, more than 3 metastatic foci, and involvement of meninges indicate a worse prognosis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.203-204
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• 2021

Bacteria used in self-healing concrete, which arrest the crack, helps increasing the durability is well known. However, the survival and activity of the bacteria are precisely unknown. In this research, to know the bacteria's survival curve on the surface of the cement composite, bacteria's survival curve has been measured by CFU at different curing days. The survival curve of 3 days and 7 days curing does not show the significant differences in their survival tendency. However, the slope of death phase of 7 days curing was steeper than the 3 days of curing. This research was focused on the death phase but for further research, set of interval time will be reduced and observe the lag phase and exponential phase.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 1991

This stduy was carried out in order to investigate the effects of cryoprotective concentration and equilibration time on survival rate of ultrarapidly frozen in vitro fertilized bovine embryos. In vitro fertilized bovine embryos, following dehydration by cryoprotective agents and sucorese were directly plunged into liquid nitrogen and thawed in 38$^{\circ}C$ water. Survival rate was defined by development rate to the morula and blaqstocyst stage after in vitro culture of by FDA test. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The survival rates of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos after ultrarapid frozen-thawing in the freezing medium of 0.25M sucroese added 2.0M, 2.5M, 3.0M, 3.5M, 4.0M glycerol were 75.0%, 72.0%, 67.6%, 44.8% and 18.3% respectively. 2. The survival rates of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos after ultrarapid frozen-thawing in the freezing medium of 0.25M sucrose added 2.0M, 2.5M, 3.0M, 3.5M, 4.0M DMSO were 64.0%, 66.7%, 70.8%, 52.7% and 18.6, respectively. 3. The survival rates of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos after ultrarapid frozen-thawing in the freezing medium of 0.25M sucrose added 2.0M, 2.5M, 3.0M, 3.5M, 4.0M propanediol were 68.4%, 64.9%, 63.2%, 62.2% and 34.7%, respectively. 4. The survival rates of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos after ultrarapid frozen-thawing in the freezing medium of 2.50M glycerol added 0.1M, 0.25M, 0.5M, 0.75M, sucrose were 60.5%, 72.2%, 70.1% and 54.9%, respectively. The survival rate of in vitro fertilized embryos after ultrarapid frozen-thawing in the freezing medium of 2.5M glycerol added 0.25M sucrose were higher than concentration of 0.10M, 0.50M and 0.75M sucrose. 5. The equilibration time on the survival rate of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos was attained after short period of time(2.5~5min.) in the freezing medium added 0.25M sucrose and 3.0M DMSO higher than long period time(1~20min.).

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 1992

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of concentration and equilibration time of cryoprotective agents on the survival rate of slowly and ultrarapidly frozen porcine embryos. The porcine embryos following dehydration by cryoprotective agents and a various concentration of sucrose were directly plunged into liquid nitrogen and thawed in 38$^{\circ}C$ water bath. Survival rate was defined as development rat to the morula and blastocyst stage after in vitro culture or by FDA test. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The survival rates of porcine embryos after ultrarapid frozen-thawing in the freezing medium of 0.25M sucrose added 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, or 4.0M glycerol was 65.3, 61.8, 64.3, 59.4 or 39.4%, respectively. Addition of 0.25M sucrose into the freezing medium containing 2.0M glycerol showed higher survival rate than those of 2.5~4.0M glycerol. 2. The survival rates of porcine embryos after ultraradpid frozen-thawing in the freezing medium of 0.25M sucroese added 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 or 4.0M DMSO was 65.6, 67.6, 68.6, 60.6 or 23.6%, respectively. However, addition of 0.25M sucrose into the freezing medium containing 3.0M DMSO showed higher survival rate than those of 2.0, 2.5, 3.5 or 4.0M DMSO. 3. The survival rates of porcine embryos after ultrapid frozen-thawing in the freezing medium of 0.25M sucrose added 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 or 4.0M propanediol was 63.2, 60.3, 62.1, 52.3 or 24.3%, respectively. Addition of 0.25M sucroese into the freezing medium containing 2.0M propanediol showed higher survival rate than those of 2.5~4.0M glycerol. 4. The survival rates of porcine embryos after ultrarapid frozen-thawing the freezing medium of 2.0M glycerol added 0.10, 0.25, 0.50 or 0.75M sucrose was 61.8, 70.8, 67.6 or 52.2%, respectively. Addition of 2.0M glycerol into the freezing medium containing 0.25M sucreose showed higher survival rate than that those of 0.10, 0.50 or 0.75M sucrose. 5. The higher suvival rate of porcine embryos were attained at short period of equilibration time 92.5~5min.) in the freezing medium added 0.25M sucreose and 3.0M compared to those of 10 or 20min. equilibration time in the same condition.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.561-565
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• 1999

Optimum conditions for vacuum-drying ad cultivation of yeast cells for the production of active dry yeast were examined. At lower temperature, more drying time was required to dry the yeast pellet to reach the desirable water content(8%). Optimum temperature of vaccum oven and time for drying was 63$^{\circ}C$ and 90 min, respectively. Optimum medium composition for flask culture using cane molasses as the substrate were 0.25% sugar, 0.013% $K_2$HPO$_4$, 0.1% $K_2$HPO$_4$. and 0.125% (NH$_4$)$_2$SO$_4$. Culture temperature $25^{\circ}C$ gave the highest survival rate of dired yeast. After finishing fed-batch culture and the culture was left in the fermentor without adding any sugar or nutrient, survival of the dried yeast harvested from the fermentor increased to 86.0% after 36 hr. It was also observed that the yeast cells with higher budding rates showed lower survival rate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.40-43
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• 2000

In this paper, we investigate how the average survival time of listed companies in the Korea Stock Exchange (KSE) are affected by changes in macro-economic environment and covariate vectors which show peculiar financial characteristics of each company. We also apply the survival analysis approach to the dichotomous firm failure prediction and the results show a similar pattern of forecasting performance using the existing dichotomous prediction techniques. These findings suggest that, when we consider a bankruptcy model under a certain economic event, the survival approach can be a useful alternative to the existing dichotomous prediction methods since the approach provides estimation of average survival time as well as simple binary prediction.