• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4959-4962
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• 2012

The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate prognostic factors associated with survival of patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). Included were 200 patients admitted to the Liberation Army General Hospital with a diagnosis of ES-SCLC. The demographics of patients, disease characteristics, pre-treatment biochemical parameters and therapeutic plan were assessed or evaluated. Univariate analysis found that second-line chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and no liver metastasis were associated with improved survival. Tumor response to first-line chemotherapy and normal initial hemoglobin levels were also associated with a survival benefit (all P-values ${\leq}$ 0.0369). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that liver metastasis and the total number of all chemotherapy cycles were independent prognostic factors of survival. The morbidity risk in patients with liver metastasis was 2.52-fold higher than that in patients without liver metastasis (hazard ratio (HR)=2.52 (1.69-3.76); P<0.0001). However, one unit increase in the total number of chemotherapy cycles decreased the risk of death by 0.86-fold (HR=0.86 (0.80-0.92); P<0.0001). Absence of liver metastasis and ability of a patient to receive and tolerate multiple lines of chemotherapy were associated with longer survival.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.4439-4445
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• 2015

Background: Because there is no clear consensus for the prognostic implication of KRAS mutations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we conducted a meta-analysis based on 12 randomized trials to draw a more accurate conclusion. Materials and Methods: A systematic computer search of articles from inception to May 1, 2014 using the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases was conducted. The enrollment of articles and extraction of data were independently performed by two authors. Results: Our analysis was based on the endpoints overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Nine records (All for OS, 7 for PFS) comprising 12 randomized trials were identified with 3701 patients who underwent a test for KRAS mutations. In the analysis of the pooled hazard ratios (HRs) for OS (HR: 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-1.56) and PFS (HR: 1.33; 95% CI 1.17-1.51), we found that KRAS mutations are related to poor survival benefit for NSCLC. According to a subgroup analysis stratified by disease stage and line of therapy, the combined HRs for OS and PFS coincided with the finding that the presence of a KRAS mutation is a dismal prognostic factor. However, the prognostic role of KRAS mutations are not statistically significant in a subgroup analysis of patients treated with chemotherapy in combination with cetuximab based on the endpoints OS (P=0.141) and PFS (P=0.643). Conclusions: Our results indicate that KRAS mutations are associated with inferior survival benefits for NSCLC but not for those treated with chemotherapies integrating cetuximab.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6455-6459
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• 2014

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the fourth most common cancer in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to determine the five-year survival rate and median survival time of NPC patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). Methods: One hundred and thirty four NPC cases confirmed by histopathology in Hospital USM between $1^{st}$ January 1998 and $31^{st}$ December 2007 that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were retrospectively reviewed. Survival time of NPC patients were estimated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Log-rank tests were performed to compare survival of cases among presenting symptoms, WHO type, TNM classification and treatment modalities. Results: The overall five-year survival rate of NPC patients was 38.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 29.1, 46.9). The overall median survival time of NPC patients was 31.30 months (95%CI: 23.76, 38.84). The significant factors that altered the survival rate and time were age (p=0.041), cranial nerve involvement (p=0.012), stage (p=0.002), metastases (p=0.008) and treatment (p<0.001). Conclusion: The median survival of NPC patients is significantly longer for age ${\leq}50$ years, no cranial nerve involvement, and early stage and is dependent on treatment modalities.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.487-496
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• 2008

Recently survival analysis becomes popular in a variety of fields so that a number of statistical packages are developed for analyzing the survival model. In this paper, several types of survival models are introduced and considered briefly. In addition, widely used three packages(SAS, SPSS, and STATA) for survival data are reviewed and their characteristics are investigated.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.491-496
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• 1997

For the survival data analysis of no covariate the discount survival model is proposed to estimate the time-varying hazard rate and the survival function recursively. In comparison with the covariate case it provide the distributionally explicit evolution of hazard rate between time intervals under the assumption of a conjugate gamma distribution. Also forecasting of the hazard rate in the next time interval is suggested, which leads to the forcecasted survival function.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7987-7990
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• 2015

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)is the most common leukemia in adults in Western countries but is relatively rare in Asia. Immune hemolytic anemia, Evan's syndrome, lymphadenopathy, organomegaly and B symptoms are the main complaints of patients in CLL. The present retrospective analysis evaluated a group of 109 patients with CLL over a 9-year period, studying correlations between sex, age and overall survival. The patients were hospitalized in the Clinic of Hematology and Oncology, Kermanshah, Iran, between 2006 and 2014. Data analysis for sex and age was performed using IBM SPSS19 and overall survival was plotted by Kaplan-Meier plot, Log-rank test in Graph Pad prism 5 Software for five-year periods. The mean age of diagnosis for CLL patients was 60.73 years, 59.6% male. Survival rate patients was 64% and mean overall survival was 38.5 months. In the Rai system, fourteen patients (12.8%) had stage III and twenty eight patients (25.7%) had stage IV. Most frequent clinical features in patients with CLL were lymphadenopathy (38.7%) and organomegaly (34%), respectively. There is not relationship between sex and age in patients but overall survival rate in females was higher than in males. In Asian countries, CLL is more in male and in age above 60 years. Complaints about lymphadenopathy and virus infection are prevalent.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.469-478
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• 2022

Objective : Cranial base chordomas are rare, but their treatment is challenging. Tumor recurrence is still common despite improvements in microsurgical techniques and postoperative radiotherapy. We retrospectively analyzed the course of treatment, overall survival, and recurrence/progression of chordomas over the past 10 years. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 50 patients who underwent surgery at Tianjin Huanhu Hospital between 2010 and 2020 and were pathologically diagnosed with chordomas. Tumor resection was performed within the maximum safe range in all patients; the extent of resection was evaluated by imaging; and the incidence of complications, recurrence or progression, and overall survival were assessed. Results : Fifty patients were divided into the low-risk group (LRG) and high-risk group (HRG) based on the cranial chordoma grading system (CCGS). The Karnofsky Performance Scale scores and gross total resection rate of the LRG were significantly higher than those of the HRG (p<0.05). The incidence of complications and mortality in the LRG were lower than those of HRG. The analysis of cumulative survival and cumulative recurrence free survival/progression free survival (RFS/PFS) showed no statistical differences in the extent of resection for survival, recurrence, or progression. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that Ki-67 was significantly associated with tumor recurrence and was an independent hazard factor (p=0.02). Conclusion : The CCGS can help neurosurgeons anticipate surgical outcomes. Pathological results are important in evaluating the possibility of tumor recurrence, and postoperative radiotherapy improves overall survival and RFS/PFS.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.327-332
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• 2015

Background: Gastric cancer is one of the frequently seen cancers in the world and it is the second most common reason for death due to cancer. The prognostic role of expression of p53 detected by immunohistochemistry in gastric cancer remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to explore any association between overexpression and survival outcomes. Materials and Methods: We systematically searched for studies investigating the relationships between expression of p53 detected by immunohistochemistry and prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. After careful review, survival data were extracted from eligible studies. A meta-analysis was performed to generate combined hazard ratios for overall survival and disease-free survival. Results: A total of 4.330 patients from 21 studies were included in the analysis. Our results showed tissue p53 overexpression in patients with gastric cancer to be associated with poor prognosis in terms of overall survival (HR, 1.610; 95% CI, 1.394 -5.235; p:<0.001). Pooled hazard ratio for disease free survival showed that p53 positivity or negativity were not statitistically significant (HR, 1.219; 95%CI, 0.782-1.899; p:0.382). Conclusions: The present meta-analysis indicated overexpression of p53 detected by immunohistochemistry to be associated with a poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2017

Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of particle beam needs to be evaluated at particle beam therapy centers before the clinical application of the particle beam. However, since RBE analysis is implemented manually, it is useful to have a tool that can easily and effectively handle the data of experiments to generate cell survival curve and to analyze RBE simultaneously. In this work, the development of a program for RBE analysis of particle beam therapy was presented. This RBE analysis program was developed to include two parts; fitting the cell survival curves to linear-quadratic model and calculating the RBE values at a certain endpoint using fitting results. This program was also developed to simultaneously compare and analyze the template results that stored experiment data with photon and particle beam irradiations. The results of the cell survival curve obtained by each irradiation can be analyzed by the user on a desired data after reading the template stored in the easy-to-use excel file. The analysis results include the cell survival curves with error range, which are appeared in the screen and the ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ parameters of linear-quadratic model with 95% confidence intervals, RBE values, and $R^2$ values to evaluate goodness-of-fit of survival curves to model, which are stored in a text cvs file. This software can generate cell survival curve, fit to model, and calculate RBE all at once with raw experiment data, so it helps users to save time for data handling and to reduce the possibility of making error on analysis. As a coming plan, we will create a user-friendly graphical user interface to present the results more intuitively.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.255-264
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• 2012

This paper analyzes the survival rate of small & medium size-cultural contents industry, which includes printing, broadcasting, advertising, entertainment, other manufactures, and so on, by using survival analysis. In this article, after testing significance among characteristic factors and survival rate and hazard rate were estimated The results of the analysis are as follows: There are some significants differences among industries in details. Also there are some significants differences by region, by the number of employees, by financial status, and working periods of CEOs. The contribution of this study is to apply the method of survival analysis to the cultural contents industry in Korea.