• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.141-156
• /
• 2011

In this paper we develop a link cost function for data delivery in sensor network. Usually most conventional methods determine the optimal coefficients in the cost function without considering the surrounding environment of the node such as the wireless propagation environment or the topological environment. Due to this reason, there are limitations to improve the quality of data delivery such as data delivery ratio and delay of data delivery. To solve this problem, we derive a new cost function using the concept of Partially Connected Neural Network (PCNN) which is modeled according to the input types whether inputs are correlated or uncorrelated. The correlated inputs are connected to the hidden layer of the PCNN in a coupled fashion but the uncoupled inputs are in an uncoupled fashion. We also propose the training technique for finding an optimal weight vector in the link cost function. The link cost function is trained to the direction that the packet transmission success ratio of each node maximizes. In the experimental section, we show that our method outperforms other conventional methods in terms of the quality of data delivery and the energy efficiency.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.137-149
• /
• 1998

It is likely that the spatial structure of the intraurban accessibility as well as the accessibility value of each of the nodes in the subway network is affected by the addition of new linkages. The changes in the accessibility at individual nodes also affect the accessibility in the surrounding areas at some distances away from the nodes. Graph-theoretic algorithms have been developed as a proper measurement scheme for the nodal accessibility in tracked transport networks such as subway networks. However, the graph-theoretic measurements have limitations to estimate the spatial diffusion effect on the surrounding areas. This study proposes a new model for the spatial diffusion effect estimation of nodal accessibility increment in the subway network toward the surrounding areas. Since the distance decay trend of subway station use reflect the spatial diffusion effect of the accessibility of subway station toward the surrounding area. The model is deduced from the subway station use density function which is formulated by the questionnaire survey data.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.195-206
• /
• 2003

Several factors can affect the formation of bone tissues surrounding implants. One of the factors is electrical stimulation. It is known to change the movement of cells, form and destroy cells, and alter concentration and chemical component of soft tissues and bones. The effect of electrical stimulation on bone formation can vary according to the intensity of electric currents, stimulating time, the method of sending electric currents, and tissues and cells currents are applied to. This study examines how various enviroments affect osteoblasts. (1) effect on osteoblast with varying intensity of currents Osteoblast-like cells were raised on four plates where implants can be placed. A constant current sink (MC3T3-E1) that can adjust the intensity and stimulating time of electric currents was used. The four plates were stimulated with $0{\mu}A$, $10{\mu}A$, $20{\mu}A$, and $40{\mu}A$, respectively. After 24 hours of stimulation, the number and distribution of cells surrounding implants were examined. (2) effect on osteoblast with varying conditions The 3 study was performed with same method. (1) The change of attached cell number 72-hour after application of various currents (2) The change of attached cell number 72-hour after application of various interval (3) The comparison of attached cell number by implant surface texture The following are the results: 1. The distribution and density of cells surrounding implant is highest under the intensity of electric currents of $20{\mu}A$. 2. The number of cells attached implants is highest under the intensity of electric currents of $20{\mu}A$. 3. The number of cells attached implants is highest under continous electric currents 4. The number of cells attached implants is not different by implant surface texture.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.77-94
• /
• 2016

A forked tunnel, as a special complicated underground structure, is composed of big-arch tunnel, multi-arch tunnel, neighborhood tunnels and separate tunnels according to the different distances between two separate tunnels. Due to the complicated process of design and construction, surrounding jointed rock mass stability of the big-arch tunnel which belongs to the forked tunnel during excavation is a hot issue that needs special attentions. In this paper, an elasto-plastic damage constitutive model for jointed rock mass is proposed based on the coupling method considering elasto-plastic and damage theories, and the irreversible thermodynamics theory. Based on this elasto-plastic damage constitutive model, a three dimensional elasto-plastic damage finite element code (D-FEM) is implemented using Visual Fortran language, which can numerically simulate the whole excavation process of underground project and perform the structural stability of the surrounding rock mass. Comparing with a popular commercial computer code, three dimensional fast Lagrangian analysis of continua (FLAC3D), this D-FEM has advantages in terms of rapid computing process, element grouping function and providing more material models. After that, FLAC3D and D-FEM are simultaneously used to perform the structural stability analysis of the surrounding rock mass in the forked tunnel considering three different computing schemes. The final numerical results behave almost consistent using both FLAC3D and D-FEM. But from the point of numerically obtained damage softening areas, the numerical results obtained by D-FEM more closely approach the practical behaviors of in-situ surrounding rock mass.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.201-215
• /
• 2019

A new approach of analyzing the displacements and stress of the surrounding rock for shallow tunnels excavated under non-axisymmetric displacement boundary conditions on a vertical surface is investigated in this study. In the proposed approach, by using a virtual image technique, the shear stress of the vertical ground surface is revised to be zero, and elastic solutions of the surrounding rock are obtained before stress revision. To revise the vertical normal stress and shear stress of horizontal ground surface generated by the combined action of the actual and image sinks, the harmonic functions and corresponding stress function solutions were adopted. Based on the Boussinesq's solutions and integral method, the horizontal normal stress of the vertical ground surface is revised to be zero. Based on the linear superposition principle, the final solution of the displacements and stress were proposed by superimposing the solutions obtained by the virtual image technique and the stress revision on the horizontal and vertical ground surfaces. Furthermore, the ground settlements and lateral displacements of the horizontal and vertical ground surfaces are derived by the proposed approach. The proposed approach was well verified by comparing with the numerical method. The discussion based on the proposed approach in the manuscript shows that smaller horizontal ground settlements will be induced by lower tunnel buried depths and smaller limb distances. The proposed approach for the displacement and stress of the surrounding rocks can provide some practical information about the surrounding rock stability analysis of shallow tunnels excavated under non-axisymmetric displacement boundary conditions on a vertical surface.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.06a
• /
• pp.2325-2330
• /
• 2005

A potential field method for solving the problem of path planning based on global and local information for a mobile robot moving among a set of stationary obstacles is described. The concept of various method used path planning is used design a planning strategy. A real human living area is constructed by many moving and imminence obstacles. Home service mobile robot must avoid many obstacles instantly. A path that safe and attraction towards the goal is chosen. The potential function depends on distance from the goal and heuristic function relies on surrounding environments. Three additional combined methods are proposed to apply to human living area, calibration robots position by measured surrounding environment and adapted home service robots. In this work, we proposed the application of various path planning theory to real area, human living. First, we consider potential field method. Potential field method is attractive method, but that method has great problem called local minimum. So we proposed intermediate point in real area. Intermediate point was set in doorframe and between walls there is connect other room or other area. Intermediate point is very efficiency in computing path. That point is able to smaller area, area divided by intermediate point line. The important idea is intermediate point is permanent point until destruction house or apartment house. Second step is move robot with sensing on front of mobile robot. With sensing, mobile robot recognize obstacle and judge moving obstacle. If mobile robot is reach the intermediate point, robot sensing the surround of point. Mobile robot has data about intermediate point, so mobile robot is able to calibration robots position and direction. Third, we gave uncertainty to robot and obstacles. Because, mobile robot was motion and sensing ability is not enough to control. Robot and obstacle have uncertainty. So, mobile robot planed safe path planning to collision free. Finally, escape local minimum, that has possibility occur robot do not work. Local minimum problem solved by virtual obstacle method. Next is some supposition in real living area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2016.10a
• /
• pp.101-104
• /
• 2016

In this study, we propose an algorithm to simulate the function of the coupling structure and having two neurons to find out exactly recover the temporary or permanent position errors that can occur during operation in a digital circuit was separated by function, a 3x3 array. If any particular part in the combined cells are differentiated cells have a problem that function to other cells caused an error and perform the same function are subjected to a step of apoptosis by the surrounding cells. Designed as a function block in the function and the internal structure having a cell structure of this digital circuit proposes an algorithm.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2013

Objective & Method : By investigating physiological function of tri-energizer, symptoms, and organ coordination, we obtained following conclusion. Tri-energizer is the membrane structure that surrounds the five visceral organs and six hollow organs, and filled with fluid. Tri-energizer acts as the passage for the flow of qi energy. Result & Conclusion : Therefore, dysfunction of the tri-energizer is caused by abnormal evaporation and metabolism. Upper-energizer regulates cardiopulmonary function, middle-energizer regulates spleen and stomach functions, and lower-energizer regulates liver, kidneys, small and large intestines, and bladder functions. Such a functional specialization is possible by receiving the source of qi through the wall wrapping around the internal organs. Tri-energizer represents the exterior and interior relationship by acting as the membrane structure supporting the five visceral organs and six hollow organs and at the same time, as the pericardium surrounding the heart.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.178-185
• /
• 2001

This paper describes the correlation between the interior noise and the trunk wall vibration. Using the vibro-acoustic reciprocity, effect of the trunk wall vibration on the compartment noise is investigated on a medium size car. In the low frequency range, vehicle interior noise is dominated by several acoustic modes of the passenger compartment and the vibration modes of the surrounding shell parts. Especially, vibration of the trunk wall radiates sound and it is transferred through holes on the package tray into the passenger compartment. This paper experimentally reveals that sound can be well produced at some particular vibration modes of the trunk lid and it strongly influences the compartment noise through package tray holes. Contributions of the trunk walls to the interior noise are estimated by measuring the acoustic-structural transfer function, based on the vibro-acoustical reciprocity theorem.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.81-85
• /
• 2016

Reasonable disaster prevention signs play an important role in guiding evacuation. Through the field investigation on disaster prevention signs in shelters and surrounding areas in Beijing, some problems were found in the using of sign system. Based on the principle of integrated design, evacuation and rescue requirements, it is necesssary to make further study on aspects such as, design of function, systematic consideration, humanization design, as well as the internationalization using. This paper presents an evaluation index system for disaster prevention signs. Such a system is very important for strengthening the independent guiding function of sign systems and improving evacuation efficiency. An effective connection could be realized between the internal environment of buildings, evacuation routes, and emergencey shelters.