• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2011

The benefits of implant supported overdenture are readily apparent for the fully edentulous patients and have been well documented, however, there is deficiency of the studies regarding the combination of implants with removable partial dentures for partially edentulous patients. The purpose of this article is to review the literature concerning implants with removable partial dentures and evaluate the evidence for this clinical approach. Through many clinical case reports and studies we have searched from a broad variety of journals, we present the six considerations needed to contemplate respecting implants with removable partial denture in partially edentulous patients. First, the connection between abutment tooth and removable partial denture has to be rigid and the link between implant and removable partial denture should be hinged. Second, a mesial rest acts better in the point of force distribution for distal extension removable partial denture and splinting between implants is also a favorable choice. Third, T bar has an advantage for implants which are used as abutments in distal extension removable partial denture. Forth, as we all known functional impression is better way to reproduce movement for distal extension removable partial denture. Fifth, indirect retainer and guiding plane on the proximal surfaces of terminal abutment teeth are important in preventing denture base lifting. Sixth, implants in conjunction with removable partial denture is superior in the esthetic and phonetic as well as cost-effective point of view. We also suggest that which place we should install implants for force distribution and which diameter and length of implants should be used. in this review article, we recommend to locate the implant near of the abutment tooth for esthetics or near of first molar position for good stress distribution. The diameter and length of implant also influence to stress distribution. When we compare to conservative partial denture, patients go for removable partial denture using implants due to convenience, better support and retention according to several studies. But it is true that we need to study more on this subject and collect long term follow up cases before we discuss on it. So it is enough to bring this subject into the surface of prosthetic treatment by this article.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 1999

The relationship between EI Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) and drought in Korea is investigated using the cross correlation analysis. In this paper, Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI) is used as an index of drought and nine ENSO indicators are used. To obtain PDSI for Korea, the PDSI equation is derived using monthly precipitation and temperature in Korea. In addition, ENSO composite percentile analyses for PDSI, precipitation and streamflow in Korea are performed to verify the results of the cross correlation. Results of the cross correlation show that the link between drought in Korea and ENSO is statistically significant with 6% of the variance in PDSI for Korea explained by ENSO. The PDSI is negatively correlated with the equatorial Pacific Sea Surface Temperature and the Sea Level Pressure(SLP) at Darwin leading by about 16 months. However, the relationship of the PDSI with the Southern Oscillation Index and the SLP at Tahiti is positive correlation. The ENSO composite percentile analyses show that drought, precipitation and streamflow in Korea are associated with ENSO during 6 months from December of the ENSO ending year

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.209-217
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• 2006

The major continental blocks in NE-Asia are the North China Block and the South China Blo, which have collided, starting from the Korean peninsula. The suture zone in NE China between two blocks is well defined from the QinIing-Dabie-Orogenic Belt to the Jiaodong (Sulu) Belt by the geological and geophysical interpretation. The discovery of high pressure metamorphic rocks in the Hongsung area of the Korean peninsula can be used to estimate the suture zone. This indicates that the suture zone in the Jiaodong Belt might be extended to Hongsung area. However, due to the lack of geological and geophysical data over the Yellow sea, the extension of the suture zone to the Korean peninsula across the Yellow Sea is obscure. To find out the tectonic relationship between NE China and the Korean peninsula it is necessary to complete U-ie homogeneous geophysical dataset of NE Asia, which can be provided by satellite observations. The CHAMP lithospheric magnetic field (MF3) and CHAMP-GRACE gravity field, combined with surface measured data, allow a much more accurate in-ference of tectonic structures than previously available. The CHAMP magnetic anomaly map reveals significant magnetic lows in the Yellow Sea near Nanjing and Hongsung, where are characterized by gravity highs on U-ie CHAMP-GRACE gravity anomaly map. To evaluate the depth and location of poten-tial field anomaly causative bodies, the Euler Deconvolution method is implemented. After comparing the two potential field solutions with the simplified geological map containing tectonic lines and the distribution of earthquakes epicenters, it is found that the derived structure boundaries of both are well coincident with the seismic activities as well as with the tectonic lineaments. The interpretation of the CHAMP satellite magnetic and GRACE satellite gravity datasets reveal two tectonic boundaries in U-ie Yellow Sea and the Korean peninsula, indicating U-ie norttiern and southern margins of the suture zone between the North China Block and the South China Block. The former is extended from the Jiaodong Belt in East China to the Imjingang Belt on the Korean peninsula, the later from Nanjing, East China, to Hongsung, the Korean peninsula. The tectonic movement in or near the suture zone might be responsible for the seismic activities in the western region of the Korean Peninsula and the development of the Yellow Sea sedimentary basin.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2013

The Global Framework on Climate Services (GFCS) will guide the development of climate services that link science-based climate information and predictions with climate-risk management and adaptation to climate change. GFCS structure is made up of 5 pillars; Observations/Monitoring (OBS), Research/ Modeling/ Prediction (RES), Climate Services Information System (CSIS) and User Interface Platform (UIP) which are all supplemented with Capacity Development (CD). Corresponding to each GFCS pillar, the Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM) has been proposing "Global Initiatives in AgroMeteorology" (GIAM) in order to facilitate GFCS implementation scheme from the perspective of AgroMeteorology - Global AgroMeteorological Outlook System (GAMOS) for OBS, Global AgroMeteorological Pilot Projects (GAMPP) for RES, Global Federation of AgroMeteorological Society (GFAMS) for UIP/RES, WAMIS next phase for CSIS/UIP, and Global Centers of Research and Excellence in AgroMeteorology (GCREAM) for CD, through which next generation experts will be brought up as virtuous cycle for human resource procurements. The World AgroMeteorological Information Service (WAMIS) is a dedicated web server in which agrometeorological bulletins and advisories from members are placed. CAgM is about to extend its service into a Grid portal to share computer resources, information and human resources with user communities as a part of GFCS. To facilitate ICT resources sharing, a specialized or dedicated Data Center or Production Center (DCPC) of WMO Information System for WAMIS is under implementation by Korea Meteorological Administration. CAgM will provide land surface information to support LDAS (Land Data Assimilation System) of next generation Earth System as an information provider. The International Society for Agricultural Meteorology (INSAM) is an Internet market place for agrometeorologists. In an effort to strengthen INSAM as UIP for research community in AgroMeteorology, it was proposed by CAgM to establish Global Federation of AgroMeteorological Society (GFAMS). CAgM will try to encourage the next generation agrometeorological experts through Global Center of Excellence in Research and Education in AgroMeteorology (GCREAM) including graduate programmes under the framework of GENRI as a governing hub of Global Initiatives in AgroMeteorology (GIAM of CAgM). It would be coordinated under the framework of GENRI as a governing hub for all global initiatives such as GFAMS, GAMPP, GAPON including WAMIS II, primarily targeting on GFCS implementations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.35-47
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• 2001

Traffic represents one of the largest sources of primary air pollutants in urban area. As a consequence. numerous abatement strategies are being pursued to decrease the ambient concentration of pollutants. A characteristic of most of the these strategies is a requirement for accurate data on both the quantity and spatial distribution of emissions to air in the form of an atmospheric emission inventory database. In the case of traffic pollution, such an inventory must be compiled using activity statistics and emission factors for vehicle types. The majority of inventories are compiled using passive data from either surveys or transportation models and by their very nature tend to be out-of-date by the time they are compiled. The study of current trends are towards integrating urban traffic control systems and assessments of the environmental effects of motor vehicles. In this study, a methodology of motor vehicle emission calculation by using real-time traffic data was studied. A methodology for estimating emissions of CO at a test area in Seoul. Traffic data, which are required on a street-by-street basis, is obtained from induction loops of traffic control system. It was calculated speed-related mass of CO emission from traffic tail pipe of data from traffic system, and parameters are considered, volume, composition, average velocity, link length. And, the result was compared with that of a method of emission calculation by VKT(Vehicle Kilometer Travelled) of vehicles of category.