• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1995년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.989-991
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• 1995

In this paper, we present a new morphological texture spectrum approach to obtain a surface orientation using the variation of texture image caused by projective distortions. Under the assumption that the surface of texture image is smooth continuous, and specially plane or sphere, we apply the mathematical morphology and texture spectrum in order to compute the 3-D surface orientation. If the surface of texture image is plane, the surface orientation can be obtained through a simple procedure. If the surface of texture image is sphere, we find the centroids of texels, and may compute several major axes, their slopes, and vanishing points. Using the texture spectrum between the intersections of the vanishing points and the size of elements in each texels, we can find the surface orientation of texels on the sphere.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2008

The surface and edge structure of OSB is defined by surface strand orientation and strand mat thickness variation parallel to the length of the panel using video-microscope. The bending strength of OSB was correlated with surface strand orientation and decreased with increasing the orientation angle in the direction parallel to length of the panel. Average strand mat thickness variation parallel to the length of the panel did not influence the bending strength, but the bonding characteristics among the outermost strands affects the bending strength of OSB. Hankinson formula can be used to predicts the MOE according to strand orientation in the surface of OSB, and more precise strand alignment and reducing thickness variation should be important in the structural performance of OSB panels.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.207-214
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• 1989

The surface morphology and the proferred orientation of the Pb-Sn alloy electrodeposite were investated by the change of electrolysis conditions in pulse current electroplating. The preferred orientation of Pb-phase in alloy deposits was changed in the sequence of (110)longrightarrow(100)or(100)+(111)longrightarrow(111) with increasing peak current density, while that of $\beta$-Sn phase changed from (321)+(301)to(301)+(111) mixed orientation. The surface morphology was closely related to the preferred orientation of alloy electrodeposits. The alloy deposits, which had (100)or(111) for pb-phase and (321)or(100)(301)for $\beta$-Sn sespectively, showed the surface structure of granular crystallites. The alloy deposits whih mixed orientations for both phases had microstructure of closely the closely stacked crysrallites, which was inclined to the surface.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.370-377
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to obtain data to improve customer orientation by managing emotional labor in foodservice employees. This study investigated the correlation between emotional labor (surface acting, deep acting), job burnout (emotional exhaustion, cynicism), and job engagement (vigor, dedication, absorption) in high school foodservice employees, and how they affect customer orientation. Our survey was administered to 330 school foodservice employees in the Busan area from June 2 to June 27, 2015. A total of 321 questionnaires were used for final analysis. The mean values for deep acting (p<0.01), cynicism (p<0.01), and dedication (p<0.05) significantly according to the position of the emproyees. The mean customer orientation significantly according to employment status (p<0.01) and meal service time (p<0.01). There was positive correlation (p<0.01) between surface acting, and emotional exhaustion cynicism, but negative correlation (p<0.01) between surface acting and vigor, dedication, absorption, and customer orientation. Deep acting had negative correlation (p<0.01) with emotional exhaustion and cynicism, positive correlation (p<0.05) with vigor, dedication, absorption, and customer orientation. Surface acting had negative influences on emotional exhaustion and cynicism, cynicism had negative influences on vigor, dedication, absorption, and customer orientation. Deep acting had positive influences on absorption and customer orientation, absorption had positive influences on customer orientation. Thus, nutrition teacher(dietitian) should educate foodservice employees the positive effects of deep acting to change their surface acting to deep acting, while actively managing internal customers.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.716-722
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• 2003

ZnO thin films were deposited on Al and Pt electrodes by an RF reactive sputtering system for the fabrication of FBAR (film bulk acoustic wave resonator), and the effect of thermal treatment temperature on their c-axis preferred orientation was investigated. SEM experiments show that columnar structure of ZnO thin films were grown with c-axis normal to electrode material, and XRD experiments show that both ZnO films were grown with (002) plane preferred orientation, but larger diffraction peak was observed with Pt electrode. The peak intensity increased with higher thermal treatment temperature, but c-axis preferred orientation was diminished. The surface roughness of Al thin film was higher than that of Pt, and these affect the surface roughness of ZnO film deposited on the electrode. Though the preferred orientation with respect to Pt(111) plane was improved with higher thermal treatment temperature, this could not improve the c-axis orientation of ZnO film.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.698-706
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• 2003

The primary goal of surface approximation is to reduce the degree of deviation of the simplified surface from the original surface. However it is difficult to define the metric that can measure the amount of deviation quantitatively. Many of the existing studies analogize it by using the change of the scalar quantity before and after simplification. This approach makes a lot of sense in the point that the local surfaces with small scalar are relatively less important since they make a low impact on the adjacent areas and thus can be removed from the current surface. However using scalar value alone there can exist many cases that cannot compute the degree of geometric importance of local surface. Especially the perceptual geometric features providing important clues to understand an object, in our observation, are generally constructed with small scalar value. This means that the distinguishing features can be removed in the earlier stage of the simplification process. In this paper, to resolve this problem, we present various factors and their combination as the metric for calculating the deviation error by introducing the orientation of local surfaces. Experimental results indicate that the surface orientation has an important influence on measuring deviation error and the proposed combined error metric works well retaining the relatively high curvature regions on the object's surface constructed with various and complex curvatures.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.237-241
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• 1998

In-situ X-선 산란 방법을 이용하여 R.F. 스퍼터링 방법에 의하여 성장시킨 AIN/Si(111)박막의 우선성장과 표면 거칠기의 성장 시간에 따른 변화를 연구하였다. 대부분 의 성장 조건하에서 초기의 AIN박막은 <001> 우선 성장 방위를 가지고 성장하였다. 하지 만 박막의 두께가 증가함에 따라 우선 성장 방위가 많이 바뀌었는데 이 현상은 높은 기판 온도와 높은 R.F. power에서 더욱 뚜렷이 나타났다. 이러한 현상은 <001> 성장 방위를 선 호하는 표면 에너지와 우선 성장 방위의 무질서도를 증가하게 하는 응력(strain)에너지에 관 련된 것으로 해석된다. 이 실험에서는 X-선 반사율을 측정하여 성장 도중의 표면 현상 또 는 연구하였다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.444-454
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• 2003

The effect of trace metallic additives of Al-Fe-X on microstructure, glossiness and hardness of Zn electrodeposits was investigated by using sulfate bath. The preferred orientation of Zn deposits with Al-Fe additives was (10 l)(l:3,4,2), while that of Zn deposits with Al-Fe-X(Ni,Co) additives was either (002) or (002)＋(103)ㆍ(104) mixed orientation. The preferred orientation of Zn deposits with Al-Fe-Cr additives changed from (002)+(10 l) to (10 l) orientation with increasing amount of Al additive. The surface morphology of the Zn deposits was closely related to the preferred orientation of the deposits. The glossiness of Zn deposits with Al-Fe additives increased in comparison with that of pure Zn deposit. That of the Zn deposits with Al-Fe-X additives was related to the morphology of the deposits and changed according to type of additives. The hardness of Zn deposits with Al-Fe-X(Ni,Co,Cr) additives was noticeably higher than that of Zn deposits with Al-Fe additives.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2006

Experiments to measure the pool boiling heat transfer on the micro-fin surfaces were performed with PF5060. The effects of various orientation and subcooling of heat surface on pool boiling performance were investigated under various heat-flux conditions for plain and micro-fin surfaces. The comparison between the results of this study and those of previous work shows a similar trend at the same conditions. From the results, it is proved that nucleate boiling performance is strongly dependent on the orientation, the micro-fin structure and the subcooling of heat surface. The heat flux on the surface with orientation angles of $45^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ was larger than that on horizontal surface(${\theta}=0^{\circ}$) at same wall superheat because of the effect of bubble sweeping. The nucleate boiling performance of micro-fin surfaces is enhanced by decreasing the fin size(WxL) and the pitch, respectively. The subcooling makes nucleate boiling performance lower for both micro-fin and plain surfaces.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.289-296
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• 2014

본 연구는 철도여행인솔자 288명을 대상으로 이들의 감정노동을 내면행동과 표면행동으로 구분하고, 감정노동이 고객지향성에 미치는 영향과 감정노동과 고객지향성 사이에서 조직지원인식의 조절효과를 실증분석 하였다. 분석결과를 요약하면, 우선, 철도 여행인솔자의 내면행동은 고객지향성에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤으며, 표면행동은 유의한 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 철도여행인솔자의 조직지원인식은 내면행동과 고객지향성과의 관계에서는 유의한 조절효과를 보이지 않았으나, 표면행동과 고객지향성과의 관계에서는 유의한 조절효과를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 철도여행인솔자의 고객지향성을 높이기 위해서는 그들의 감정관리와 조직적 차원의 지원이 중요함을 시사하고 있다.