• 펄프종이기술
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.22-34
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• 2006

To improve the mechanical properties of Hanji, starches such as maize, konyaku, and wheat powders were added at various concentrations in the manufacturing processes of Hanji. The effect of starches on the physical properties of Hanji was as follows. Filling rates of surface of hanji were increased with the increase of the concentration of starch. Hanji surface were completely filled at the 3.0% konyaku treatment. Konyaku powder showed higher filling rates than maize and wheat powder. The breaking length was increased with the increase of filling rates. Konyaku powder showed the highest breaking length: Tear index of hanji treated with maize and wheat powder were a little improved but that of hanji treated with konyaku powder were a little decreased compared to non-treated hanji. In conclusion, starch treatment showed the increase of the breaking length, but no effect on tear index.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2006

Many researches for extensive uses of Hanji have been performed. With the advent of an information-oriented age, the development of Hanji which is printable has been considered as a new field of study. Since Hanji has many drawbacks in comparison with common printing papers, that is, rougher surface, huger absorption of ink and lower physical properties and printabilities. Improving the properties and printabilities of Hanji is therefore the most important work to deal with. This study was conducted to find out useful mixed agents for surface sizing suitable for printable Hanji. Four surface sizing agents (CMC, corn starch, PYA, AKD) were applied for mixture in this study. The physical properties of surface sized Hanji were measured. Results obtained were as follows. Based on designated agents according to concentration, each of the mixed agents was prepared. The kinds of mixture were corn starch (3%) and PVA (5%), corn starch (3%) and AKD (0.1%), corn starch (3%) and CMC (1%), AKD (0.1%) and CMC (1%), AKD (0.1%) and PVA (5%), CMC (1%) and PVA (5%). Each mixed surface sizing agents was included with these ratios (100:0, 90:10, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, 10:90, 0:100) respectively. All the mixed agents improved the physical properties and printabilities of Hanji. Among them, mixed agent of CMC (1%) and corn starch (3%) with 90:10 ratio is superior to the others for not only smoothness but also ink printability. In view of the result achieved, it is regarded that it can be fit for using Hanji as a printing paper and turned out to be a good contribution to Hanji industry.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2013

This study presents basic knitted fabric data on the use of ply yarn with rayon yarn and eco-friendly/high-valued Hanji yarn. Physical properties (gauge, thickness, burst strength, air permeability, stiffness, Qmax, dimensional stability and surface image) of Hanji 100%, rayon 100% and Hanji/rayon 50:50 knitted fabrics are investigated. The results are as follows. Course direction of gauge decrease in the following order: rayon 100% > Hanji/rayon 50/50 > Hanji 100%. In addition wale direction of gauge decrease in the following order: Hanji 100% > Hanji/rayon 50/50 > rayon 50/50. Thickness and air permeability decrease in the following order: Hanji 100% > Hanji/rayon 50/50 > rayon 100%. Burst strength decrease in the following order: rayon 100% > Hanji 100% > Hanji/rayon 50/50. Stiffness and Qmax decrease in the following order: rayon 100% > Hanji/rayon 50/50 > Hanji 100%. Laundry for dimensional stability is knitted fabric with Hanji/rayon 50/50 than rayon 100% and Hanji 100% improved using neutral detergent and stable at $20^{\circ}C$. From surface image observation, the cracks of Hanji 100% and fibrils of rayon 100% decrease when using knitted fabric with Hanji/rayon 50/50.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2006

This study was carried out to explore a new application of traditional Hanji and obtain fundamental properties for producing Hanji wallpaper by incorporating ceramics from wood and rice-husk as an interior building material. The results of properties determined were summarized as follows: The addition of ceramics in Hanji paper reduced its apparent density, but increased bulk density due to the ceramic particles distributed on the surface and inside the fiber of Hanji wallpapers. In particular, woodceramic particles were specifically distributed on the fiber surface, while particles of rice-husk ceramics were permeated into the inside surface of fibers. The density of rice-husk ceramics were greater than that of woodceramics. The physical properties of Hanji wallpapers, such as breaking strength, wet breaking strength, burst strength, tear index and folding endurance were deteriorated with the addition of ceramics. However, the addition of woodceramics in the Hanji wallpaper resulted in better strength in most cases than that of rice-husk ceramics, except tear strength. Therefore, an optimum addition level of woodceramics into the wallpaper was found to be 5% on the basis of intensity. The addition of ceramics also prolonged the combustion time because it lowered air permeability and brightness of the wallpaper.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2015

To investigate fiber orientation of Korean traditional paper, Hanji, the fiber arrangements on the surface and cross section of Hanji were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The surface observation showed that the fibers of traditional paper were arranged in vertical and horizontal directions, and those of ssangbal sheet forming were arranged more in vertical direction. The fibers of machine made Hanji and copying paper were usually arranged in vertical direction. As for the observation of cross section of traditional paper, fibers arranged in horizontal direction tended to be increased with the increase of thicknesses. The thick traditional paper have cracks in the middle part of structural section of paper. They were larger in cross section in horizontal direction than in vertical direction. The horizontal arrangement of traditional paper seemed to be about 8% to 14% higher to the vertical arrangement, which is very lower to other papers.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제37권5호통권113호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2005

The development of printable Hanji is regarded as an important work to create a new demand of Hanji in information-oriented era. Hanji has rougher surface, huger absorption of ink and lower optical properties and printabilities than common printing papers. Improving those shortcomings of Hanji is required to be printable Hanji. Sizing and calendering have known as a way to make properties of paper good. Accordingly, this research was performed to find out useful sizing agents for reforming its drawbacks. Four sizing agents (CMC, com starch, PVA, AKD) were used in this research. The optical properties and the printabilities of sized Hanji were tested. The obtained results were as follows. Based on concentration, each sizing agent was prepared. These were CMC(0.5, 1, $1.5\%$), corn starch(1, 2, $3\%$), PVA(1, 5, $10\%$), AKD(0.5, 0.1, $0.15\%$) respectively. After sizing, we performed calendering treatment with pressure of 0.5, $1\;kgf/cm^2$. All the sizing agents and calendering treatment improved the properties of Hanji to some extent. Particularly, com starch was good for gloss. In case of printability, $1\%$ AKD with $1\;kgf/cm^2$ was recommendable for typography ink density, $3\%$ com starch with $0.5\;kgf/cm^2$, inkjet ink density, $2\%$ com starch with $0.5\;kgf/cm^2$, inkjet ink girth. PVA and AKD without calendering were counter-effective agents for inkjet ink density. Printable Hanji is required to have not only better surface strength enough to appear non-picking, higher ink density and lower show-through than base paper but also the lowest ink girth in comparison with base paper. When referring to them, efficient sizing agents were regarded as $0.1\%$ AKD with $1\;kgf/cm^2$, calender pressure, for typography printing and $2\%$ com starch with $0.5\;kgf/cm^2$, calender pressure, for inkjet printing.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.68-77
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• 2007

It is necessary to recognize philosophical and scientific depth, contained in traditional culture in a correct fashion, in order to succeed and develop our excellent traditional culture. Some studies on storage, circulation, and package design of traditional food will multiple the added value of traditional culture. So this research was carried out for making packing cases of kinds of Korean dried confectionery using Hanji by traditional manufacturing method, Hanji textile, charcoal Hanji and jade Hanji, and for developing environmental-friendly Korean dried confectionery package as more luxurious packaging papers by putting an exterior design on the surface. The results measured physical properties, air permeability and anti-mold activity of Hanji, and designing Korean dried confectionery are as follows. The physical properties and air permeability used to manufacture Korean dried confectionery package, turned out to be no affection to the food packaging Hanji. In order to avoid the monotonousness of Korean dried confectionery package, it was designed with Hanji textile together with elegant traditional pattern. It is estimated to increase the value of Korean dried food and to make the anti-mold activity of Hanji added charcoal and jade effective. In conclusion, by developing individual properties of traditional food and proper packaging paper as well as packaging design according to circulating situation, it is considered that the taste and the fancy can be maximized. After all, by applying excellent traits contained in our race's culture, it is possible to develop the package cases into competitive ones. And it would be able to increase utilization of Hanji. Namely, production of high quality traditional food package with Hanji is expected for new valuable industry of Hanji.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제37권4호통권112호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2005

Most of printing paper market today have been occupied by western paper and some machine-made Hanji used don't show the characteristic advantages for traditional hand-made Hanji. Although hand-made Hanji has an aesthetic and qualitative value, it has limited uses because of poor printability as printing paper. Unlike western paper, conventional Hanji cannot be used as Printing paper because it is impossible to make the clear formation of printed dot and to develop a high level of sizing and picking problem occurs during printing. Improvements of physical and optical properties such as roughness, smoothness, air permeability, contact angle, opacity, and paper gloss as well as sizing level were accomplished through internal and surface sizing and calendering, which made the paper better suited for printing and decreased problems during printing.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.17-21
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• 1997

This study was carried out to develop the manufacturing technique of Korean paper(Hanji) and find out new uses of machine-made Hanji produced on a a large scale by paper machine. Six kinds of Hanji were made and laminated with backpaper by acryl-based or vinyl acetate ethylene-based adhesive. Six kinds of wallpapers were made such as WH 1, WH 2-1, WH 2-2, WH 3-1, WH 3-2 and WH 4. Physical properties and quality test on the wallpapers were examined. Physical strength of the wallpapers was better than each strength of the Hanji and backpaper. It might be a roll of adhesive. And so, Production cost of the Hanji could be brought down if the Hanji was made thin to get strength not enough to cut during lamination of two papers(Hanji and backpaper). Hanji wallpapers of WH 3-1 and WH 4 are lower than a standard in sunlight resistance and WH 1 is in properties of opacity. WH 2-1, WH 2-2 and WH 3-2 were better than Korean standard in some quality tests. WH 2-2 and WH 3-2 were superior to other wallpapers as a whole. About, twenty kinds of wallpapers with surface treatment, are now being produced on the basis of these two types of wallpapers.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2007

Hanji is a traditional Korean handmade paper, which has been known in ancient Far East as excellent quality calligraphic paper for more than 1,500 year. Hanji is mostly made of Korean paper mulberry bast fibers, and if properly processed, normally lasts for more than 1,000 years with significant strength and still recognizable calligraphic writings or drawings on it. Dochim is a special way of Hanji calendering process, but is turned out to be quite different from modern calendering (machine calendering) in several aspects. In Dochim process, mechanical impacts were applied vertically to the surface of papers. Compared to the modern calendering, Dochim increased paper gloss much more, but paper smoothness a little less. By the Dochim process, densification occurred and the degree of densification was more sensitive to the fiber type in the Dochim process than in the calendering method.