• 제목/요약/키워드: surface doses

검색결과 245건 처리시간 0.021초

치과 방사선 촬영기의 표면선량 변화 (The survey of the surface doses of the dental x-ray machines)

  • 이재서;강병철;윤숙자
    • Imaging Science in Dentistry
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    • 제35권2호
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    • pp.87-90
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    • 2005
  • Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate variability of doses with same exposure parameters and evaluate radiographic density according to the variability of doses. Materials and methods Twenty-eight MAX-GLS (Shinhung Co, Seoul, Korea), twenty-one D-60-5 (DongSeo Med, Seoul, Korea), and eleven REX-601 (Yoshida Dental MFG, Tokyo, Japan) dental x-ray machines were selected for this study Surface doses were measured under selected combinations of tube voltage, tube current, exposure time, and constant distance 42 cm from the focal spot to the surface of the Multi-O-meter (Unfors Instruments, Billdal, Sweden). Radiographic densities were measured on the films at maximum, minimum and mean surface doses of each brand of x-ray units. Results With MAX-GLS, the maximum surface doses were thirteen to fourteen times as much as the minimum surface doses. With D-60-S, the maximum surface doses were three to eight times as much as the minimum surface doses. With REX-601, the maximum surface doses were six to ten times as much as the minimum surface doses. The differences in radiographic densities among maximum, mean, and minimum doses were significant (p<0.01). Conclusion : The surface exposure doses of each x-ray machine at the same exposure parameters were different within the same manufacturer's machines.

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일반촬영에서 kVp와 mAs의 변화에 따른 농도와 환자 선량 비교 (A Comparison of Density and Patient Doses According to kVp and mAs Changes in General Radiography)

  • 강은보
    • 한국방사선학회논문지
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    • 제13권7호
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    • pp.987-994
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    • 2019
  • 일반촬영의 저관전압 촬영에서 발생되는 저 에너지 X-선은 신체에 흡수가 많고 영상 품질 향상에는 도움을 주지 못한다. 본 연구에서는 일반 촬영에서 적정 농도를 유지하면서 환자의 피폭 선량을 줄이기 위해 농도에 따른 관전압 15%법칙과 농도에 비례하는 관전류량을 이용하여 면적 선량과 입사표면선량을 측정하여 환자의 피폭선량을 비교하였다. Hand, Knee, Abdomen, Skull 촬영에서 kVp를 115%까지 증가하면서 mAs를 50%까지 감소시키고, kVp를 85%까지 감소시키고 mAs를 200%까지 증가시키면서 면적선량과 입사표면선량을 측정하여 각각의 선량을 비교하였다. 그리고 각 영상의 5군데를 정하여 농도를 측정하고 Kruskal wallis H 검증을 하여 집단-간의 유의확률을 알아보았다. 농도를 일정하게하기 위해 관전압을 115%로 증가하고, 관전류를 50%로 감소시킨 조건에서 각 부위별 평균 면적선량과 입사표면선량을 측정한 결과 기준 선량을 100%로 할 때 각각 58.68%, 59.85%로 감소하고, 관전압을 85%로 감소하고 관전류를 200%로 증가시킨 조건에서 각각 147.28%, 159.9%로 증가하였다. 농도 변화를 비교한 결과 Hand, Knee, Abdomen, Skull 촬영 모두 유의확률 >0.05 나타나 농도 변화는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 해상력과 대조도에 영향을 주지 않는 범위에서 적정한 계산을 통해 관전압을 증가시키고 관전류를 낮게 해서 촬영하는 것이 적정농도를 유지하면서 환자의 피폭 선량을 줄이는 간단한 방법으로 사료된다.

Determination of Absorbed Dose for Gafchromic EBT3 Film Using Texture Analysis of Scanning Electron Microscopy Images: A Feasibility Study

  • So-Yeon Park
    • 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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    • 제33권4호
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    • pp.158-163
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: We subjected scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images of the active layer of EBT3 film to texture analysis to determine the dose-response curve. Methods: Uncoated Gafchromic EBT3 films were prepared for direct surface SEM scanning. Absorbed doses of 0-20 Gy were delivered to the film's surface using a 6 MV TrueBeam STx photon beam. The film's surface was scanned using a SEM under 100× and 3,000× magnification. Four textural features (Homogeneity, Correlation, Contrast, and Energy) were calculated based on the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) using the SEM images corresponding to each dose. We used R-square to evaluate the linear relationship between delivered doses and textural features of the film's surface. Results: Correlation resulted in higher linearity and dose-response curve sensitivity than Homogeneity, Contrast, or Energy. The R-square value was 0.964 for correlation using 3,000× magnified SEM images with 9-pixel offsets. Dose verification was used to determine the difference between the prescribed and measured doses for 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy as 0.09, 1.96, -2.29, 0.17, and 0.08 Gy, respectively. Conclusions: Texture analysis can be used to accurately convert microscopic structural changes to the EBT3 film's surface into absorbed doses. Our proposed method is feasible and may improve the accuracy of film dosimetry used to protect patients from excess radiation exposure.

Evaluations of a Commercial CLEANBOLUS-WHITE for Clinical Application

  • Geum Bong Yu;Jung-in Kim;Jaeman Son
    • 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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    • 제35권1호
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    • pp.10-15
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    • 2024
  • Purpose: This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the diverse characteristics of a novel commercial bolus, CLEANBOLUS-WHITE (CBW), to ascertain its suitability for clinical application. Methods: The evaluation of CBW encompassed both physical and biological assessments. Physical parameters such as mass density and shore hardness were measured alongside analyses of element composition. Biological evaluations included assessments for skin irritation and cytotoxicity. Dosimetric properties were examined by calculating surface dose and beam quality using a treatment planning system (TPS). Additionally, doses were measured at maximum and reference depths, and the results were compared with those obtained using a solid water phantom. The effect of air gap on dose measurement was also investigated by comparing measured doses on the RANDO phantom, under the bolus, with doses calculated from the TPS. Results: Biological evaluation confirmed that CBW is non-cytotoxic, nonirritant, and non-sensitizing. The bolus exhibited a mass density of 1.02 g/cm3 and 14 shore 00. Dosimetric evaluations revealed that using the 0.5 cm CBW resulted in less than a 1% difference compared to using the solid water phantom. Furthermore, beam quality calculations in the TPS indicated increased surface dose with the bolus. The air gap effect on dose measurement was deemed negligible, with a difference of approximately 1% between calculated and measured doses, aligning with measurement uncertainty. Conclusions: CBW demonstrates outstanding properties for clinical utilization. The dosimetric evaluation underscores a strong agreement between calculated and measured doses, validating its reliability in both planning and clinical settings.

후방산란(後方散亂)과 노출배수(露出倍數)에 관(關)한 검토(檢討) (Observation of Back Scattering and Exposure-Factors)

  • 허준;김창균;강홍석;이선숙;이좌룡;윤철호
    • 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.15-19
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    • 1982
  • Authors made an experiment to know the relation of surface doses and multiple factors of exposure by using grids, fields, tube voltages objects and distances and obtained the results as follows: 1. Surface doses were increased in proportion to the thickness of objects. 2. Surface doses were more influenced when irradiated fields were small and tube voltages were low. 3. Surface doses were a logarthmic proportion to the focus-object distance. 4. Multiple factors of exposure by using grid were under the control of the thickness of objects, irradiated fields and tube voltages but the relation of them were not fixed.

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인체 및 인형 팬톰에서 전신방사선조사시 열형광선량계(TLD)를 이용한 선량분포 균일성 확인 (In vivo and in vitro Confirmation of Dose Homogeneity in Total Body Irradiation with Thermoluminescent Dosimeter)

  • 지의규;박석원;강위생;김일한
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.321-328
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    • 1999
  • 목적 : 면역억제, 악성림프종 및 백혈병의 치료, 골수이식 등에 적용되는 전신방사선치료에 시행되는 좌우 이문대향조사법의 표면 방사선량 및 중심 방사선량의 균일성을 열형광선량계를 이용하여 확인하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1996년 9월부터 1998년 8월까지 좌우 이문대향조사법으로 전신방사선치료를 시행한 10명의 환자 중 매번 방사선량이 측정된 8명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 열형광선량계를 사용하여 두부, 경부, 액와부, 대퇴부, 족관절부 등의 표면 선량을 측정하였고 인형 팬톰에서 동일한 조건하에서 두부, 경부, 액와부, 복부, 둔부 등의 표면 선량과 중심 선량을 측정하였다. 결과 : 중심부인 복부 처방 선량을 기준으로 할 때 부위별로 환자의 두부, 경부, 액와부, 대퇴부, 족관절부에서 표면 방사선량은 각각 $98.3{\pm}7.8,{\;} 98.3{\pm}7.5,{\;}95.1{\pm}6.3,{\;}98.3{\pm}5.5,P{\;}95.3{\pm}6.3\%$였다. 인형 팬톰에서 처방 선량에 대하여 두부, 경부, 액와부, 복부 및 둔부에서의 표면 방사선량은 각각 $85.0{\pm}4.0,{\;}86.6{\pm}5.8,{\;}83.9{\pm}4.9,{\;}94.8{\pm}5.3,{\;}94.88{\pm}2.8\%$였고, 중심 방사선량은 각각 $96.6{\pm}2.2,{\;}95.3{\pm}3.2,{\;}80.4{\pm}1.9,{\;}100.0{\pm}3.1,{\;}90.5{\pm}2.2\%$였다. 표면 선량 대비 중심 선량의 비는 두부, 경부, 액와부, 복부 및 둔부에서 각각 $1.14{\pm}0.06,{\;}1.10{\pm}0.09,{\;}0.96{\pm}0.05,{\;}1.06{\pm}0.06,{\;}0.95{\pm}0.02$였다. 인형 팬톰에서 얻은 표면 선량 대비 중심 선량의 비를 이용하여 환자에서의 중심 선량을 계산하였을 때, 두부, 경부, 액와부, 대퇴부, 족관절부에서 각각 $103.4{\pm}9.0,{\;}107.8{\pm}10.5,{\;}91.1{\pm}6.1,{\;}93.8{\pm}4.5,{\;}104.5{\pm}9.3\%$였다. 결론 : 환자에서의 측정된 표면 선량과 계산한 중심 선량의 분포는 $-8.9\~+7.8\%$였으나, 선량 분포가 $+5\%$ 이상 증가 또는 감소된 부위인 경부와 액와부에서는 인형 팬톰과 환자와의 좌우 두께의 차이에 의해서 실제보다 크게 계산되었으므로 실제 환자에서의 전신 선량 분포는 이보다 더 우수할 것으로 생각된다.

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전남 지방에서 치근단방사선사진의 참고 선량 수준 (Reference dose levels for dental periapical radiography in Chonnam Province)

  • 한미라;강병철;이재서;윤숙자;김영희
    • Imaging Science in Dentistry
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    • 제39권4호
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    • pp.195-198
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    • 2009
  • Purpose : To establish reference doses of periapical radiography in Chonnam Province, Korea. Materials and Methods : The target-skin distances were measured for dental patient's 1235 exposures including 345 mandibular molar areas. Each periapical radiation exposure was simulated with exactly the same patients exposure parameters and the simulated radiation doses were measured utilizing Mult-O-Meter (Unfors Instruments, Billadal, Sweden). The measurements were done in 44 dental clinics with 49 dental x-ray sets in Chonnam Province for one or two weeks at each dental clinic during year 2006. Results : The third quartile patient surface doses were 2.8 mGy for overall periapical exposures and 3.2 mGy for periapical mandibular molar exposures. Conclusion : The third quartile patient surface doses in Chonnam Province can be used as a guide to accepted clinical practice to reduce patient radiation exposure for the surveyed reference doses were below the recommended dental periapical radiography dose of 7 mGy by IAEA.

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Dose Estimation of Patient by X-ray Positioning in Particle Cancer Therapy

  • Hirai, Masaaki;Nishizawa, Kanae;Shibayama, Kouichi;Kanai, Tatsuaki
    • 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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    • pp.206-207
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    • 2002
  • The effective dose due to the X-Ray radiography in the patient positioning for the heavy ion radiotherapy was measured on three regions, chest, upper-abdomen and pelvis. All the radiographic systems and the conditions used in the measurements were same as the clinical trial being performed in National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Japan. The organ or tissue for measurements was selected by following ICRP60$^1$ and the effective dose was calculated from measured organ doses and the surface dose.

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이온주입법에 의한 폴리이미드박막의 표면 개질에 대한 연구 (A Study on the Surface Modification of Polyimide Film by lon Implantation)

  • 김종택;이덕출
    • 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.293-297
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    • 1998
  • The influence of ion implantation on surface properties of polymers was studied. We investigated microhardness, friction, wear and wettablility of polyimide. Energies of 50, 200keV were used with doses range from $1{\times}10^{13} to 1{\times}10^{16} [ions/cm^2]$. The implanted ion species were B, N and Ar. The microhardness of polyimide was increased after implantation for doses of $1{\times}10^{15}\; [ions/cm^2]$. A reduction of the friction coefficient was in most case correlated with a reduction of wear. The contact angles of water for $B^+,N^+$ implanted polyimide decreased from $76^{\circ}C$ to zero, as the fluencies increased at energies of 50 and 200 KeV. However, the contact angle of Ar ion implanted polyimide did not change under ambient room conditions even if the time elapsed. SEM measurement was performed to characterize the modified surface layer.

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Surface modification and induced ultra high surface hardness by nitrogen ion implantation of low alloy steel

  • Olofinjana, A.O.;Bell, J.M.;Chen, Z.
    • 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국윤활학회 2002년도 proceedings of the second asia international conference on tribology
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    • pp.157-158
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    • 2002
  • A surface hardenable low alloy carbon steel was implanted with medium energy (20 - 50KeV) $N_2^+$ ions to produced a modified hardened surface. The implantation conditions were varied and are given in several doses. The surface hardness of treated and untreated steels were measured using depth sensing ultra micro indentation system (UMIS). It is shown that the hardness of nitrogen ion implanted steels varied from 20 to 50GPa depending on the implantation conditions and the doses of implantation. The structure of the modified surfaces was examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that the high hardness on the implanted surfaces was as a result of formation of non-equilibrium nitrides. High-resolution XPS studies indicated that the nitride formers were essentially C and Si from the alloy steel. The result suggests that the ion implantation provided the conditions for a preferential formation of C and Si nitrides. The combination of evidences from nano-indentation and XPS, provided a strong evidence for the existence of $sp^3$ type of bonding in a suspected $(C,Si)_xN_y$ stoichiometry. The formation of ultra hard surface from relatively cheap low alloy steel has significant implication for wear resistance implanted low alloy steels.

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