• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2000

두 개의 마이크로 스트립 선로를 이용하여 결합한 유전체 공진기를 유한 차분 시간 영역(FDTD)법을 적용하여 3차원 해석을 하였다. 유전체 공진기의 표면은 곡면으로서, Noriaki model을 이용하여 정확하게 모델링 하였다. 일반적인 FFT에 의해 106.46 MHz의 주파수 해상도를 얻었지만 공진 주파수를 결정할 수가 없다. 따라서 1.00 MHz의 높은 주파수 분해능을 갖기 위해서 Pad 근사법과 Stoer-Bulirsch법을 적용하고 측정치와 비교하였다. 그 결과 Pad 근사법을 통하여 매우 정확한 공진주파수를 얻었다. 그리고 정현파를 인가하여 전자계 분포를 도시하였으며, 공진 모드가 TE/sub 01δ/ 모드임을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.923-930
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• 2006

A Kriging model is a sort of approximation model and used as a deterministic model of a computationally expensive analysis or simulation. Although it has various advantages, it is difficult to assess the accuracy of the approximated model. It is generally known that a mean square error (MSE) obtained from the kriging model can't calculate statistically exact error bounds contrary to a response surface method, and a cross validation is mainly used. But the cross validation also has many uncertainties. Moreover, the cross validation can't be used when a maximum error is required in the given region. For solving this problem, we first proposed a modified mean square error which can consider relative errors. Using the modified mean square error, we developed the strategy of adding a new sample to the place that the MSE has the maximum when the MSE is used for the assessment of the kriging model. Finally, we offer guidelines for the use of the MSE which is obtained from the kriging model. Four test problems show that the proposed strategy is a proper method which can assess the accuracy of the kriging model. Based on the results of four test problems, a convergence coefficient of 0.01 is recommended for an exact function approximation.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.174-180
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• 2012

본 논문은 미지의 시간 지연을 갖는 비선형 상호 연결 시스템을 위한 분산 적응 출력 궤환 제어기를 제안한다. 미지의 시간 지연을 갖는 상호 연결 부분은 부시스템들의 모든 상태 변수를 포함한다. 적당한 르아브노브-크라소브스키 함수와 함수 예측 기법을 사용하여 시간 지연 함수들을 보상한다. 각각의 부시스템을 위한 시간에 독립적인 지역 제어기를 설계하기 위해 관측 동적 표면 제어 기법을 이용한다. 제어된 페루프 시스템의 모든 신호들이 준 전역적이고 균일하게 유계됨과 제어 오차가 원점 주위의 조절 가능한 주변으로 수렴함을 증명한다.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.209-240
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• 2001

Computer-based simulation and analysis is used extensively in engineering for a variety of tasks. Despite the steady and continuing growth of computing power and speed, the computational cost of complex high-fidelity engineering analyses and simulations limit their use in important areas like design optimization and reliability analysis. Statistical approximation techniques such as design of experiments and response surface methodology are becoming widely used in engineering to minimize the computational expense of running such computer analyses and circumvent many of these limitations. In this paper, we compare and contrast five experimental design types and four approximation model types in terms of their capability to generate accurate approximations for two engineering applications with typical engineering behaviors and a wide range of nonlinearity. The first example involves the analysis of a two-member frame that has three input variables and three responses of interest. The second example simulates the roll-over potential of a semi-tractor-trailer for different combinations of input variables and braking and steering levels. Detailed error analysis reveals that uniform designs provide good sampling for generating accurate approximations using different sample sizes while kriging models provide accurate approximations that are robust for use with a variety of experimental designs and sample sizes.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.150-159
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• 2010

Laidback fan shaped film-cooling hole is formulated numerically and optimized with the help of three-dimensional numerical analysis, surrogate methods, and the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm. As Pareto optimal front produces a set of optimal solutions, the trends of objective functions with design variables are predicted by hybrid multi-objective evolutionary algorithm. The problem is defined by four geometric design variables, the injection angle of the hole, the lateral expansion angle of the diffuser, the forward expansion angle of the hole, and the ratio of the length to the diameter of the hole, to maximize the film-cooling effectiveness compromising with the aerodynamic loss. The objective function values are numerically evaluated through Reynolds- averaged Navier-Stokes analysis at the designs that are selected through the Latin hypercube sampling method. Using these numerical simulation results, the Response Surface Approximation model are constructed for each objective function and a hybrid multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is applied to obtain the Pareto optimal front. The clustered points from Pareto optimal front were evaluated by flow analysis. These designs give enhanced objective function values in comparison with the experimental designs.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.657-665
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• 2003

Several interesting results were obtained from the flow visualization experiment in the accompanying paper, Part I. in the present study, Part II, a numerical study has been carried out to explain the detailed flow phenomena in micro-channel filling process. Hele-Shaw flow approximation was applied to the micro-channel geometry based on the small characteristic length. And surface tension effect has been introduced on the flow front as the boundary condition with the help of a dynamic contact angle concept between the melt front and the wall. A dimensional analysis for numerical results was carried out and a strong relationship between dimensionless pressure and Capillary number is obtained. The numerical analysis results are compared with the flow visualization experimental observations. And the numerical system developed in the present study seems to be able to predict the interesting micro-channel filling flow characteristics observed from experiments.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2011

This paper presents an optimization procedure for performance improvement of a tunnel ventilation jet fan. Optimization techniques based on response surface approximation (RSA) are employed to improve the aerodynamic performance of a tunnel ventilation jet fan. For numerical analysis, three-dimensional Renolds- averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with shear stress transport turbulence model are discretized by using finite volume approximations and solved on hexahedral grids to evaluate the total efficiency at the operating condition as the objective function. Four geometric variables defining the meridional length and the thickness profile at the hub and shroud in the jet fan rotor are selected as design variables for the numerical optimization. The results of the numerical optimization show that the total efficiency of the optimized model is significantly improved in comparison with the base model.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.331-344
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• 1987

본 연구에서는 직사각형 밀폐공간내에서 자연대류와 복사의 상호 영향에 대해 서 P-1 근사를 이용하여 수치적으로 해석하였다.밀폐공간내에서의 온도분포, 속도 분포 및 열전달계수를 구하였으며 열경계층내에서의 전도와 복사의 상호 영향에 대하 여 고찰하였다. 표면 복사만이 존재하는 경우에 대해서도 고찰함으로써 P-1 근사의 적용한계를 규명하였다. 벽면을 산광 방사 및 반사체(diffuse emitter and reflec- tor)로, 기체는 회색체(gray body)로 가정하였다. 이는 복사 물성치의 파장에 따른 변화를 고려할 때의 대단히 복잡한 계산 과정을 피할 수 있고, 현재의 이론적 수준에 비추어 복사 열전달의 열향을 정성적으로 규명하는데 타당한 가정이다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1061-1066
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• 1999

The adsorption of CO on W(111) surface in the range of adsorption temperature between 300 K and 1000 K has been studied using AES, LEED, and TDS in an UHV system. After CO saturation at 300 K, four desorption peaks are observed at temperatures (K) of about 400, 850, 1000, and 1100 in thermal desorption spectra, called as α, β1, β2, and β3 state, respectively. The state was attributed to molecular species of CO, which is well known. Because the CO in βstates (especially the β3 state) is still debated as to whether it is dissociative or non-dissociative, the β3 state is mainly discussed. By using the variation method of heating rate in the thermal desorption spectrometry, the desorption energy and pre-exponential factor for the β3 state are evaluated to be 280 kJ/mol and 1.5×10 12 s-1 , respectively. A lateral interaction energy of 5.7 kJ/mol can also be estimated by Bragg-Williams approximation. To interpret the thermal desorption spectra for the β3 state, moreover, those for the model of a first order and a second order desorption are simulated using quasi-chemical approximation. In this study, a model of lying-down CO species is proposed for the β3 state of CO adsorption.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1132-1132
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• 2001

This work is a further development of the method created by G. Krivoshiev in 1996 for elimination of peel interference and prediction of fruit flesh optical density. In this investigation, as it was earlier, the objects are observed as being structured by three successive layer “AlongrightarrowOlongrightarrowB” denoting “peel-flesh-peel”. In the first version of the method the transmittances of the surface layers A and B were measured according to Kubelka-Munk theory by means of their diffuse reflectance. At that the overall transmittance T was approximated in the form of a multiplication approximation being valid for plane-parallel layers of a non-scattering material. In this work this approximation was done away with applying the theory of discontinuum, respectively Benfor's equations. As a result two mathematical models were created for non-destructive prediction of fruit flesh optical density. These models are different from the ones based solely on Kubelka-Munk theory, the destruction being marked by the terms 1n (1 - $R_{A}R_{0}$) and 1n (1 - $R_{A}R_{B}$), where: $R_{A}$ and $R_{B}$ are reflectance values for the surface layers A and B; $R_{0}$ is the average reflectance of the internal layer that could be obtained empirically by means of a preliminary measurement of sufficiently large number of physically peeled fruits of a given species and variety.