• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.333-350
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• 2013

This paper deals with the development of expressions relating structural seismic response parameters to the epicentral distances of an earthquake and the natural period of several reinforced concrete buildings (6, 9 and 12 storey), with three floor plans: symmetric, monosymmetric, and unsymmetric. These structures are subjected to seismic spectrum of accelerations collected during the Boumerdes earthquake (Algeria, May $21^{st}$, 2003, Mw=6.8) at different epicentral distances. The objective of this study is to develop relations between structural responses namely: base shear, storey displacements, interstory drifts and epicentral distance and fundamental period for a given earthquake. The seismic response of the buildings is carried out in both longitudinal transverse and directions by the response spectrum method (modal spectral approach).

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.37-45
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• 2008

The Philippine government enacted the National Water Crisis Act in 1995, as a response to the burgeoning situation of water supply systems in the country. This act led to the privatization of Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS), sector having jurisdiction and control over all waterworks and sewerage systems in a service area including Metro Manila. Nowadays, the region's supply of water is still facing a lot of difficulties, both in quality and quantity. The unabated migration of people to the metro which increases its population, tapping from the aged pipelines, lack of water facilities and infrastructure, excessive groundwater withdrawal, environmental degradation, and surface and groundwater pollution are some of the issues that Metro Manila have to deal with. These situations lead to two primary water supply issues suffered by Metro Manila: water shortage and flooding. The purpose of this paper was to present water supply in Metro Manila with respect to the problems in its distribution, environmental implications and quality. In this paper, several technical reports, published literature, and news articles were consulted and became the major basis for identifying gaps and suggesting remedial measures.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1099-1108
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• 2020

In this study, the capacity of supplying agricultural water to 13 districts was analyzed by calculating the necessary water supply for the arable land of Gunwi-gun and examining the capacity of supplying water to reservoirs, streams, pumping stations, collection sites, and groundwater wells in Gunwi-gun. As a result, among the 13 districts the second district was found to be short of water by 1.2×10⁶ tons/year. In general, local governments establish drought measures by selecting drought disaster risk zones. While selecting drought-risk areas, some water-poor areas that do not have water sources should be selected, even if the entire area has a sufficient water supply. The water-supply evaluation at the regional level was insufficient for locating areas without water sources, but most areas with water sources, such as streams, reservoirs, and pumping stations, were found to have no shortage of water. To locate water shortage areas without water sources, GIS analysis conducted a field survey of areas with a distance of 4 or less than that of water sources analyzed by GIS analysis. Sixty-nine sites in 13 districts were selected for the on-site survey and six areas of water shortage were identified in areas other than the second district.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.447-456
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• 2023

Risk assessment on Jeju Special Self-Governing Province(JSSGP)'s water supply facilities and establishment of adaptation measures for climate crisis factors were implemented. JSSGP's vulnerability to the climate crisis was high in the order of drought, heat wave, heavy rain and strong wind. As a drought adaptation measure, policies of water saving and revenue water ratio improvement were considered. As for the heat wave adaptation measure, the introduction of an advanced water treatment process was suggested in response to the increase of algae cell number which resulting in taste and odor problem. As for heavy rain adaptation measures, the installation and operation of automatic coagulant injection devices for water purification plants that take turbid surface water were proposed. As a measure to adapt to strong winds, stabilization of power supply such as installation of dual power line was proposed in preparation for power outages. It is expected that water facilities will be able to supply high-quality tap water to customers even under extreme climate conditions without interruption through risk assessment for climate crisis factors and active implementation of adaptation measures.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.7
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• pp.531-543
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• 2022

Integrated water resources management (IWRM) has focused on efficient response to various water related disasters by climate change. In particular, more flexible usage of conventional water resources infrastructures is expected to provide an eco-friendly water management. Multi-purpose dams and water supply dams are well known as water management facilities for securing and supplying water in drought season. Recently, based on the report '2021 multi-purpose use of hydropower dams in Han river', contribution of hydropower dams on water resources management is becoming more significant beyond the traditional role of hydropower generation. In drought conditions, the dams control water supply depending on the pre-defined drought stages. In the case of multi-purpose dams, an operation standard during drought has been already prepared and applied; however, for the hydropower dams, specific standards are not fully prepared yet in South Korea. In this study, a method for calculation of standard water storage and discharge reduction of hydropower dams according to drought stage is newly proposed reflecting the characteristics of hydropower dams. The proposed method was applied to the hydropower dams in Han river, where six hydropower dams are located. A case study of the historical droughts occurred in 2014-2017 demonstrated that the proposed hydropower dam operation rule could improve the water supply stability under severe drought conditions compared to the conventional operations. In the future, the role of hydropower dams for water resources management is expected to become more important, and this study can be widely used for water supply planning such as drought response using hydropower dams.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 2010

Small PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) fuel cell systems do not require humidification and have great commercialization possibilities. However, methods for controlling small PEM fuel cell stacks have not been clearly established. In this paper, a control method for small PEM fuel cell systems using a dual closed loop with a static feedforward structure is defined and realized using a DSP (Digital Signal Processor). The fundamental elements that need to be controlled in fuel cell systems include the supply of air and hydrogen, water management inside the stack, and heat management of the stack. For small PEM fuel cell stacks operated without a separate humidifier, fans are essential for air supply, heat management, and water management of the stack. A purge valve discharges surplus water from the stack. The proposed method controls the fan using double control loops to quicken transient response of the fan thereby improving the supply rate of air. Feedback control to compensate for the voltage change in fuel cell stack improves the response characteristics in fuel cell to load variations. The feasibility of proposed method was proved by the experiments with a 60W small PEM fuel cell system and operation of a notebook computer using this system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.199-201
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• 2007

This paper presents the installation of measuring system for the transient behaviors of grounding system impedances using portable impulse current generator. The measuring system is controller, with controller, power supply, impulse current generator and data aquisition system. In the evaluation of the impulse response in a ground electrode, the step response is calculated based on the ratio of the voltage and current observed.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.283-301
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• 2010

This study estimated the paper demand and supply using VAR model. And the variance decomposition and impulse response were analyzed using the model. In the model of paper demand, the own price change accounts for about seventeen percent of variation in the demand, and the gross domestic product change accounts for about twenty eight percent of variation in the demand. And the impacts of a shock to the own price and gross domestic product are significant for about six months on the demand for paper. In the model of paper supply, the own price change accounts for about twenty nine percent of variation in the supply, and the pulp price change accounts for about twelve percent of variation in the supply. And the impacts of a shock to the own price and pulp price are significant for about six months on the supply of paper.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.7-13
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• 2016

This paper presents the meter-out and meter-in speed control characteristics of a pneumatic cylinder with relief valve type cushion device. The piston displacement and velocity are measured to investigate high speed driving performance with variation of the pressure setting in relief valve, air supply pressure, load mass, the supply and exhaust flow rate from the cylinder. Also, the internal pressures and temperatures driving pressure and cushion chamber are measured. The piston displacements and velocities of meter-out and meter-in control are compared experimentally determined data. A comparison experimental data meter-out and meter-in control show that a relief valve type cushion device is suitable for high speed pneumatic cylinders. The desired response characteristics of piston displacement and velocity are satisfactory adjust the pressure setting of a relief valve with varying system parameters such as air supply pressure, load mass and controlled flow rate.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.221-231
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• 2007

SCM system is required inter-industrial cooperation as well as inter-organizational cooperation. It means not only standardization of inter-organization but also standardization of inter-industry. SCM makes possible one circulation from fiber to retail industry in the respects of information and product flows. QR is the SCM of textile apparel industry, which satisfy customer need with least cost and maximum profit. Customer-oriented supply chain system focused on information sharing, cost reduction, inventory control, lead time reduction, quick response on customer demand. How we can measure the performance of successful SCM is issued on the approach of Balanced Scorecard which evaluates 4 perspectives such as customer perspective, internal business perspective, financial perspective, and innovation and learning perspective. This can project the blueprint of textile fashion business to right direction with vision.