• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2013

In this study, I was focusing on LED (Light Emitting Diode) light effect in growth of chrysanthemum. For this reason, I formed six monochromatic lights (red 650 nm, 647 nm, 622 nm, blue 463 nm, 450 nm, white), six mixed lights sources red : blue (9 : 1, 8 : 2, 7 : 3, 6 : 4, 5 : 5) and 3 control beds in light sources ratio between rad : blue (8 : 2) including sun light. It was totally 15 control beds. Depending on light investigation time in growth, 6/6 (on/off) was highest in the length of plant, the number of leaves, the fresh dry and leaf area. But statistical significance wasn't accepted in general. In case of monochromatic lights, length of plant and leaf area is biggest in the Blue 450 mm and the length of root is highest in RED 650 mm. Except for this 3 measuring points (length of plant, the number of leaves and fresh weight), sun light and white was highest. Besides there are monochromatic light effect but various wavelength range in light sources are needed to crop growth. In terms of mixed light resources, except for sun light, It turned out the length of plant is highest in the highest red light rate red : blue (9 : 1), and Red : white (7 : 3) is highest in fresh weight and dry weight. The sun light is the highest one in the leaf area. The results from LED light effect in growth of chrysanthemum are obviously effect on growth and building up the shape. We need to choose suitable light sources in the monochromatic lights and mixed lights for growing high quality of chrysanthemum or Supplemental Lighting.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.662-668
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• 2007

Studies have shown that onions exhibit a wide variety of health-promoting properties. The health benefits by the onion have been attributed to its ability to scavenge free radicals, to reduce blood lipids, to lower blood pressure, and to inhibit platelet aggregation. This study was performed to investigate whether onion extract supplementation would affect the blood markers of ethanol-induced fatty liver in rats. Initially, male Sprague-Dawley rats were housed singly in a room of controlled temperature and lighting and had free access to a nutritionally adequate AIN-93G and deionized water. The rats were trained for meal feeding to prevent a decline in food intake, as inevitably observed following an ethanol feeding. After the training period, rats were weight-matched and assigned to the following three groups: 1) a control group, fed the AIN-93G diet alone (control); 2) an ethanol group, fed the AIN-93G diet with ethanol at 4 g/day/kg body weight (ethanol); and 3) an onion group, fed the AIN-93G diet with ethanol plus supplemental freeze-dried onion powder at 500 mg/day/rat (ethanol + onion). All three group were meal-fed 7.0 g of their respective diets at 0900 h and 7.5 g at 1600 h for 28 days. At 0, 2, and 4 wk, blood was collected via the orbital sinus and organs were collected following overnight food deprivation. Both control and experimental groups continually gained weight throughout the study. No significant differences in the weights of the liver, kidneys, heart, spleen, and testis were observed. However, the serum level of triglycerides was significantly increased by ethanol but significantly decreased by onion extract. The activities of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) at 4 wk were significantly increased by ethanol feeding but were significantly decreased by onion supplementation. However, no differences among groups were observed in the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, bilirubin, and protein. These results provide that onion extract favorably affect alcoholic fatty liver by decreasing the serum concentration of triglyceride and the activities of GOT and GPT.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.29-30
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• 2002

The goal of this research was to develop the effectiveness of in vitro culture method for A. formosanus and study the environment in vitro conditions affecting on growth. The first series of experiments were examined to investigate the response of three different basal media, MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962), Knudson (KC; Knudson, 1946) and modified hyponex on growth and multiplication during in vitro culture. Multiple shoot proliferation was induced in shoot tip explants on Hyponex (H3) media supplemented with BA (1 mg1$\^$-1/) or TDZ (1-2 mg1$\^$-1/). Addition of activated charcoal (1%) to the TDZ containing medium promoted rapid shoot tip proliferation (11.1 shoots per explant) but the same medium had an opposite effect resulting in poor proliferation in the nodal explants. However, the regenerated shoots had slow growth rate and failed to elongate. This problem was overcome by transferring the shoot clumps to a hormone free H3 media supplemented with 2% sucrose and 0.5% activated charcoal. Using bioreactor culture for scaling up was also shown the best way for multiple shoot induction and growth of this plant. The second series of experiments was studied to investigate the effect of physical environment factors on growth of in vitro plantlets. The Anoectochilus formosanus plantlets were cultured under different air exchange rate (0.1, 0.9, 1.2h$\^$-1/), without sucrose or supplement 20g.1$\^$-1/ (photoautotrophic or photomixotrophic, respectively), and different photosynthesis photon flux (40, 80, 120 ,${\mu}$mol.m$^2$.s$\^$-1/- PPF). Under non-enrichment CO$_2$ treatment, slow growth was observed in photoautotrophical condition as compared with photomixotrophical condition on shoot height, fresh weigh and dry weight parameters; High air exchange (1.2.h-l) was found to be inadequate for plant growth in photomixotrophical condition. On the contrary, under CO$_2$, enrichment treatment, the plant growth parameters were sharply (visibly) improved on photoautotrophic treatments, especially on the treatment with air exchange rate of 0.9.h-1. The growth of plant in photoautotrophic condition was not inferior compared with photomixotrophic, and the best growth of plantlet was observed in treatment with low air exchange rate (0.9.h-1). Raising the PPF level from 80 to 120${\mu}$mol.m$\^$-2/.s$\^$-1/ decreased the plant height, particularly at 120${\mu}$mol.m$\^$-2/.s$\^$-1/ in photoautotrophic condition, fresh weight and dry weight declined noticeably. At the PPF of 120${\mu}$mol.m$\^$-2/,s$\^$-1/, chlorophyll contents lowed compared to those grown under low PPF but time courses of net photosynthesis rate was decreased noticeably. Light quality mainly affected morphological variables, changes of light quality also positively affected biomass production via changes in leaf area, stem elongation, chlorophyll content. Plant biomass was reduced when A. formosanus were grown under red LEDs in the absence of blue wavelengths compare to plants grown under supplemental blue light or under fluorescent light. Stem elongation was observed under red and blue light in the present experiment. Smaller leaf area has found under blue light than with other lighting treatments. Chlorophyll degradation was more pronounced in red and blue light compared with white light or red plus blue light which consequent affected the photosynthetic capacity of the plant. The third series of experiment were studied to investigate the effect of physical environment factors on growth of ex vitro plants including photosynthesis photon flux (PPF), light quality, growing substrates, electrical conductivity (EC) and humidity conditions. In the present experiments, response of plant on PPF and light quality was similar in vitro plants under photosynthesis photon flux 40${\mu}$mol.m,$\^$-2/.s$\^$-1/ and white light or blue plus red lights were the best growth. Substrates testing results were indicated cocopeat or peat moss were good substrates for A. formosanus growth under the greenhouse conditions. In case of A. formosanus plants, EC is generally maintained in the range 0.7 to 1.5 dS.m-1 was shown best results in growth of this plant. Keeping high humidity over 70% under low radiation enhanced growth rate and mass production.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2008

This study was conducted to identify the correlation of bacterial phytase ($Transphos^{(R)}$) to the calcium level in feed. Of all 21-week-old 720 HyLine brown laying hens, 2 birds of similar weight were placed on each individual cage. The experiment was conducted by $3{\times}2{\times}3$ factorial design with including 3 different levels of phytase (0, 300, and 1,000 DPU/kg), 2 different levels of calcium (3.5% and 4.0%), and 3 different levels of no NPP addition 0% (0.095 NPP), 0.5% (0.185% NPP), and 1.0% (0.275% NPP). The feeding trial maintained the ME level of 2,800 kcal/kg and 16% for crude protein. The diet was fed ad libitum and 17 hours of lighting was provided throughout the experimental period. Egg production seemed to increase, in the 300 DPU of bacterial phytase added group and the cracked egg tended to reduce in Transphos added group. The egg productivity between treatment groups did not show significant difference by dietary calcium level, whereas non NPP added group (0.095% NPP) was found to be low compared to NPP added groups (P<0.05). The highest mean egg weight and the highest daily egg mass were detected in 300 DPU phytase added group. Although the mean egg weight was significantly higher in treatment groups fed with 3.5% calcium containing feeds (P<0.05), daily egg mass was no among treatment groups. The mean egg weight and daily egg mass were the lowest in non NPP added group (0.095% NPP) compared to other treatment groups (P<0.05). The feed intake showed similar pattern regardless of the bacterial phytase and calcium levels in the diet. However, the treatment groups fed diets containing NPP level of 0.275% and 0.165% showed significantly higher feed intake than the group fed with 0.095% NPP (P<0.05). Although the feed conversion was not affected by calcium and NPP levels in the diet, the most improved result was obtained from 300 DPU phytase added group (P<0.05). The eggshell breaking strength and thickness increased as dietary calcium level increase the level of calcium increases in diet. The treatment groups fed diet containing 0.275% and 0.165% NPP revealed to show improvement in eggshell breaking strength and yolk color index compared to the NPP non added (0.095% NPP) treatment group. The result of the present study suggests that the appropriate level of microbial phytase is 300 DPU and at this level, tricalciumphosphate supplementation in feed can be reduced to 40% of NRC recommendation. Higher calcium level in feed fail to show synergistic effect by adding microbial phytase.