• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1122-1126
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• 2009

The exogenously added cadaverine is effective in protecting Vibrio vulnificus from methyl viologen (MV)-induced superoxide stress at pH 8.5. Such a protective effect by cadaverine was not observed at pH 7.5. Consistently, the accumulated level of intracellular cadaverine at pH 8.5 is approximately four times as much as that of the control cell at pH 7.5. Cadaverine accumulation is not affected by MV. The protection of V. vulnificus by cadaverine from superoxide stress was abolished when cadB coding for the lysine-cadaverine antiporter was interrupted. However, the cadaverine-mediated protection was complemented with cadB DNA. Therefore, CadB of V. vulnificus not only acts as a lysine-cadaverine antiporter at acid pH to neutralize the external medium, but also mediates cadaverine uptake at alkaline pH to result in cell protection from superoxide stress.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of green tea catechins (GTC) on the lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase (SOD). GTC showed the high SOD activity, while sitgnificantly inhibited the peroxide value of linoleic acid (93%) and lipid peroxidation (84%) from rat liver microsomal fraction induced by Fe$^{2+}$ascorbate system. The effects of GTC on the SOD and catalase activities, and lipid peroxidation after oral administration were investigated. GTC (50 mg/kg) significantly increased SOD (62%) and catalase activities (75%), while significantly inhibited the lipid peroxidation (52%) of rat liver microsome in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that GTC has the antioxidative effect which is rotated to the prevention of aging and cancer.r.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.309-316
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• 2004

The present investigation was undertaken to find out the anticancer activity of monoterpene compounds. Monoterpenes showed generally the inhibitory effect on the proliferation o f L1210 cancer cells (cytotoxicity). Geraniol was found to exibit the most potent cytotoxic effect on L1210 cells with an IC50 values of $0.67{\mu}g/ml$. On the other hand, geraniol proved to be capable of stimulating the macrophage proliferation (135% of control). When the life prolonging activity of geraniol by daily oral administration of 0.1~10${\mu}g/10{\mu}l/20$ g body weight to Sarcoma 180 bearing ICR mouse was examined, there was also a significant elevation of survival (best result of 134% of control). The contradictory effects of geraniol on the proliferation of L1210 cells and macrophages proved to be accompanied by the coincident alterations of RNS (reactive nitrogen species) related enzymes activities such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (Inos) in macrophages and ROS (reactive oxygen species) related enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) in L1210 cells, respectively.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.132-139
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• 2007

A four-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary soybean meal (SBM) and powdered Cheongkukjang (CKJ) on non-specific immune responses of parrotfish Oplegnathus fasciatus. Three isonitrogenous (42% crude protein) and isocaloric (17.1 MJ/kg) diets were formulated to replace fish meal by 0, 25% SBM or 25% CKJ (designated as FM, 25SBM and 25CKJ, respectively). Ninety fish (initial body weight 122 g) were randomly allotted into nine 150 L tanks. One of the three experimental diets was fed to triplicate groups of fish for 4 weeks. After the feeding trial, no differences were observed in growth performances and feed utilization among fish groups. Liver superoxide dismutase activity of the fish fed CKJ containing diet was significantly higher than that of the control groups. DPPH radical scavenging and $Fe^{2+}-chelating$ activities of the experimental diets containing SBM or powdered CKJ were significantly higher than that of the control diet. The results of the present study suggest that dietary inclusion of powdered 25CKJ significantly increased liver superoxide dismutase activity and did not affect the growth performances, feed utilization, morphological parameters, as well as hematological values of parrotfish.

• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.361-366
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• 2009

It was reported that high doses of sodium selenite can induce apoptosis of cancer cells, but the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) converts superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide within the mitochondrial matrix and is one of the most important antioxidant enzymes. In this study, we showed that 20 ${\mu}M$ sodium selenite could alter subcellular distribution of MnSOD, namely a decrease in mitochondria and an increase in cytosol. The alteration of subcellular distribution of MnSOD is dependent on the production of superoxide induced by sodium selenite.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.8 no.3_4
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• pp.123-126
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• 2001

We have attempted to determine the Germanium ion (G $e^{4+}$) effect on the human body by observing the formation of artificial lipid membrane and photolysis in the mineral water containing G $e^{4+}$ ion. The artificial lipid membrane is prepared by using the phospholipid in the Germanium water and the formation efficiency of the liposomes is compared with those obtained in the plain mineral water without G $e^{4+}$ ion. This work shows that the liposomes are formed in the Germanium water better than in the non-Germanium water. The liposomes can be photolyzed by superoxide anion ( $O_{2-}$$^{.}$) produced in the presence of some peptide such as NAT (N-acethyl-L-tryptophan). However, this is inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD), and it was found that the activity of SOD on the inhibition of the liposomes oxidative damage is higher in the Germanium water than in the non-Germanium water. It is concluded that the G $e^{4+}$ ion in mineral water helps the formation of new cell as well as elevation of SOD activity for the lipid oxidation.n.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2002

Tea catechins, the most important compounds in tea polyphenols, can efficiently scavenge superoxide anion free-radical ($O_2$.), hydroxyl radical. (.OH) The mechanism of scavenging active oxygen free radicals was investigated by ESR spin trapping technique and Chemiluminescence. Results showed that various tea catechins constitute an antioxidant cycle in accordance with the decreasing order of the first reductive potential, and produce the effect of cooperative strength each other. Esterificated catechins could scavenge active oxygen free radicals more effectively than the non-esterificated ones. When.OH and $O_2$.- were scavenged by (-)-epigallocatechin gallate [(-)- EGCG], the stoichiometric factors were 6, and the rate constants of scavenging reaction reached $7.71{\times}10^6$ and $3.52{\times}10^{11}$ L $mmol^{-1}s^{-1}$, respectively. In the mean time, tea catechins could scavenge superoxide anion fiee radical ($O_2$-.) and hydroxyl radical (.OH) in a dose dependent manner. But at higher concentration or pH value, tea catechins can induce the prooxidant.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.477-481
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• 2006

A clinical report indicates that 'Geijibokryunghwan(GBH) is very effective in treating thrombosis in those patients who have difficulties with more conventional antithrombotic drugs. The isolation and identification of various compounds from this plant and the same genus have been reported by several groups. However, the pharmaceutical effect of the GBH on superoxide generation in human neutrophils has not been studied. In the present report, we investigated the possibility of using herbal medicine as an alternative therapy. In particular, we studied tremor in antiatheroscleosis. In this report, we shows the GBH extract can be used as a potential atherosclerosis preventive agent in human. The effect of GBH on stimulus-induced superoxide generation and phosphorylation of tyrosine residues of protein in human neutrophils was investigated. In a conclusion, GBH suppressed tyrosine phosphorylase in a dose-dependent manner, and may have pharmacoceutical applications. These data suggest that GBH extracts merits investigation as a potential anti-atherosclerogenic agent in humans.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 1999

In an attempt to define the effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on the lipid peroxidation and oxygen free radical reactions in rats exposed to carbon monoxide, we studied malondialdehyde (MDA) level and activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the kidney of the rats exposed to carbon monoxide. Male Sprague-Dawley albino rats weighing 240 to 260 gm were used. Experimental groups consist of Control group (=breathing with air), HBO group (=exposed to hyperbaric oxygen 〔HBO, 3ATA, 100%〕 after air breath), CO group (=exposed to CO〔3,970 ppm〕after air breath), CO-Air group (=exposed to CO after air breath followed by air breath) and CO-HBO group (=exposed to CO after air breath followed HBO treatment). The CO group showed significantly higher MDA level, catalase activity and SOD activity as compared to that of control group. The CO-HBO group showed significantly lower MDA level as compared to that of CO group, and did not show significantly lower catalase activity and SOD activity as compared to that of CO group. These results suggest that the excessive oxygen free radicals is an important determinant in pathogenesis of CO-induced nephrotoxicity and HBO inhibits the lipid peroxidation caused by excessive oxygen free radicals in the kidney of the rats exposed to carbon monoxide.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2 s.32
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• pp.227-236
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• 1996

The effect of Ligustrum Lucidum(LL) on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide by murine peritoneal macrophages were investigated. Stimulation of the cells with LL in the presence or absence of interferon-r(IFN-r) resulted in the increased accumulation of nitrite in the medium. To further examine the mechanism of LL induced. NO Synthesis, we evaluated the secretion of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}(TNF-{\alpha})$ by LL in murine macrophages. Treatment of LL increased the secretion of bioactive $TNF-{\alpha}$ in cultured medium. In addition, LL induced NO production was decreased by the treatment of anti-murine $TNF-{\alpha}$. neutralizing antibodies, indicating that LL induced superoxide production was decreased by the treatment of anti-murine $TNF-{\alpha}$ neutralizing antibodies. These data suggested that LL induced superoxide production was related to $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion. In conclusion, our results indicates that LL may enhance innate immune response and be applied as a immunoregulating drug improving phagocytosis.