• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.225-228
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• 2004

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an important enzyme which catalyzes superoxide radicals to hydrogen peroxide. A Cu, Zn sod-like gene was found in Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus encoding 151 amino acids. To demonstrate its function, a recombinant virus named dsBmNPV with deleted sod gene was constructed. It was discovered that the sod gene was not essential for viral replication. Studies on growth of budded virus in BmN cells and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in vivo after dsBmNPV infection showed that the titer of dsBmNPV decreased obviously comparing to wild type BmNPV, the sod gene was effective on genomic DNA replication of baculovirus, the peak of SOD activity of silkworm infected with wt-BmNPV appeared between 36 and 48 hrs post infection, and with dsBmNPV, it did not appear. And the changes of CAT activity after infection were similar to SOD activity.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 1994

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a facultative intracellular pathogen which persists and multiplies within macrophage. Competent cell mediated immunity by cooperation of both T lymphocyte and macrophage of the host is required to kill the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. But a precise understanding of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis infection in pulmonary alveolar macrophage has not been achived. Research on the macrophage's basic microbicidal mechanism has elucidated the importance of oxygen-dependent or oxygen-independent components. Oxygen dependent processing begins with the reduction of oxygen by NADPH oxidase and generation of superoxide. In this study, the oxidative metabolic status of blood monocyte and pulmonary alveolar macrophage in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis was accessed and compared with that of healthy control subjects to know whether there was a basic difference in superoxide generation by mononuclear cells between two groups. Methods: Pulmonary alveolar macrophage was purified after performing BAL(bronchoalveolar lavage) through the bronchi of infected lesion by plastic adhesion method. Blood monocyte was purified by Ficoll-Hypaque method. Superoxide generation by blood monocyte and pulmonary alveolar macrophage was measured by ferricytochrome-C reduction method after either stimulated with PMA(phorbol myristate acerate) or non-stimulated states. We also measured the effect of pulmonary tuberculosis patient's serum on superoxide generation by monocyte. Results: 1) Generation of superoxide by alveolar macrophage obtained from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was little higher than those of controls, and PMA enhanced the generation of 2) Generation of superoxide by blood monocyte obtained from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was little higher than those of control(p>0.05), and PMA more enhanced the generation of superoxide in patientswith pulmonary tuberculosis than those in controls(p<0.02). 3) Patient's serum enhanced the generation of superoxide by blood monocyte obtained from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and controls, but not in the case of PMA stimulated blood monocyte. Conclusion: The present study suggest that the phenomenon of M.tuberculosis escape the microbicidal action of macrophage was not result of suppressed superoxide generation by blood monocyte and pulmonary alveolar macrophage, rather there might be a factor to stimulate the generation of superoxide by blood monocyte in pulmonary tuberculosis patient serum, but the comparision with effect of control's serum on superoxide generation needs further elucidation.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.232-235
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• 2001

Electrophoretic resolution of superoxide dismutase (SOD) from the highly UV-resistant bacteria, Deinococcus species revealed multiple forms of superoxide dismutases (SODs) in D. radiodurans, D. grandis, and D. proteolyticus, as judged from electrophoretic properties and metal cofactors. A single SOD occurred in both D. radiophilus and D. radiopugnans. Deinococcal SODs were either MnSOD, FeSOD or cambialistic Mn/FeSOD. The unique SOD profile of each mesophilic Deinococcus species, multiplicity and metal cofactors would be valuable in identifying Deinococcus species.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.153-159
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• 1997

Living organisms have antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase SE glutathione peroxidase, that protect themselves from the toxic effect of superoxide free radicals. Some report says that intracellular oxidation stress is involved in pathogenesis of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of red ginseng on lipid peroxidation of red blood cell and antioxidant SOD activity of serum in NIDDM patients. As a result, there were trends for decrease of lipid peroxidases of RBC and Increase of SOD activity of serum in ginseng group but that were not statistically significant. Therefore, we suggest long term and large sized control study is necessary to confirm the protective effects of red ginseng on oxidative damage in NIDDM patients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Sericultural Science Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.66-70
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• 2003

The first line of antioxidant defense against reactive oxygen species includes the enzymatic activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) that catalyzes the disproportionation of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide and water. The SOD mainly removes highly toxic $O_2$$^{[-10]}$ and also prevents $O_2$$^{[-10]}$ mediated reduction of iron and subsequent OH$^{[-10]}$ generation. Along with an interest in SOD as a first line of defense against damage mediated by the superoxide anion, the SOD1 enzyme has been subjected to investigation in the molecular and cellular level. (omitted)

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.298-302
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• 1994

Wistar albino rats were injected subcutaneously with mercuric chloride (5 mg/kg) to define the early biochemical determinants that participate in the pathogenesis of mercuric chloride-induced hepatotoxicity, especially focusing on oxygen free radicals, we studied malondialdehyde(MDA) level and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the liver of rats at 24, 48 and 72 hr after the injection of mercuric chloride. MDA levels at 24, 48 and 72 hr after the injection of mercuric chloride increased as compared with that of control group. The activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase at 24, 48 and 72hr after the injection of mercuric chloride decreased as compared with that of control group. These results suggest that the depression of the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase resulting from excessive oxygen free radicals is an important determinant in pathogenesis of mercuric chloride-induced hepatotoxicity.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 1995

The superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic activity of copper complex of 3,5-disopropylsalicylic acid (Cu(II)-DIPS) was tested and compared to those of human recombinant SOD (hrSOD) and its conjugate form with polyethyleneglycol (PEG) using fer- ricytochrome c reduction assay. Stability constant of Cu(II)-DIPS was measured po- tentiometrically using SCOGS2 program. In the presence of 10 g/L albumin, Cu(II)-DIPS lost most of its SOD mimetic activity. HrSOD was modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) of M.W. 5000. These conjugates have markedly prolonged plasma half-lives of enzymatic activity (15.5 hr) compared to native hrSOD (5 min). In summary, efficient SOD mimetics should be stable enough not to dissociate in blood by serum protein. HrSOD could have longer half-life by conjugation with inert PEG for sustained SOD effect.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.732-736
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• 1999

The superoxide dismutase (SOD) in Lactococcus lactis was measured quantitatively and qualitatively under various culture conditions. The L. lactis SOD was induced by oxidative stress. As the concentration of paraquat to produce superoxide radicals increased, the growth of L. lactis decreased with concomitant increase of SOD activity. The SOD activity was found to be growth-phase dependent: when aerobically grown cells entered to the stationary phase, the activity increased gradually until the late stationary phase. From inhibition studies, L. lactis SOD was found to be insensitive to KCN and $H_2O_2$ which are known to inhibit Cu/ZnSOD and FeSOD, respectively. Moreover, as the concentration of manganese in the medium increased, the activity of SOD also increased. These data strongly suggested that L. lactis possessed a single manganese-containing SOD (MnSOD). Finally, a putative sod gene fragment of 510 bp was identified in L. lactis using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with degenerate primers designed from the deduced DNA sequences of known SOD genes.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.8 no.3_4
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• pp.1-5
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• 1993

Using mixed incubation of cultured endothelial cells, cultured fibroblasts, neutrophils activated with PMA and paraquat, the production of superoxide anion, $H_2O$$_2$and lipoxygenase metabolites (5-HETE and 12-HETE) of arachidonate was estimated. The results was as follows: 1. Neutrophils activated with PMA was produced superoxide anion,$H_2O_2$and lipoxygenase metabolites (5-HETE and 12-HETE) of arachidonate. 2. Fibroblasts did not alter the production of superoxide anion and $H_2O_2$ by neutrophils, it was markedly reduced by mixed incubation with endothelial cells. 3. Mixed incubation with endothelial cells significantly augmented the production of 5 or 12-HETEs, but fibroblasts did not. 4. Using mixed incubation of endothelial cells, fibroblasts, neutrophils and paraquat (50ug/m1 and 100ug/m1), the production of superoxide anion, $H_2O_2$and HETEs was significantly increased on both cells at low concentration (50ug/m1), but markedly reduced at high concentration (1001g/m1). 5. Paraquat showed concentration dependent effects on arachidonate lipoxygenase metabolism.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 1986

In order to study the antioxidative action of the effectient garlic components, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity were compared through the in vitro and in vivo experiments. RESULTS : 1. Observing the effects on peroxidase activity of efficient components in vitro, garlic oil, alliin and ethanol fraction showed effective, which was similar to the trend of TBA value, peroxide value and induction time for the first period of lipoperoxide formation in vitro. 2. In vivo experiment with peroxidase activity, the ethanol fraction and garlic oil were effective when intraperitoneally administered as well as orally administered. 3. Considering the superoxide disutase activity in vitro, the garlic oil, alliin and ethanol fraction were effective in efficient components. But non-kaolin fraction inhibited the activity on the contrary. 4. In terms of the efefcts on superoxide dismutase activity in vivo, alliin and garlic oil wee effective in intraperitoneal adminstraton and the ethanol fraction and alliin in oral administration.