• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.10
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• pp.112-128
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• 2007

As fantasy films in which super heroes with superhuman abilities play an active part are rapidly becoming more popular, super hero stories are taking root as a new genre in fantasy films. The costumes in films play an important role in visualizing the virtual reality of fantasy films when those costumes are worn by characters so as to express and define them. In the meantime, in the antagonistic structure of good versus evil as a typical subject in these films, it may be said that the costumes of super heroes who advocate good and those of villains who represent evil have been created as an image of power. In this sense, it is necessary to establish an analytic system of how images of the power of good and evil are visually created in costumes for fantasy films. As such, this study seeks to analyze costumes in fantasy films more systemically through semiotic, which has taken root as a science of analysis in all areas of science. From the perspectives of aesthetic semiotic developed by Morris and costume aesthetics, the syntactical dimension is analyzed into formative elements and the principles of costumes; factual and expressive meanings, themes, and inherent meaning, all of which are immanent in costumes, are elicited in the semantic dimension; and the influence of costumes on viewers is described as identification in terms of pragmatics. This study provided a system to analyze costumes in fantasy films(especially 'Superman', 'Batman' and 'Spiderman') from the perspective of Morris' semiotic, and based on the analytic system, examined how 'power' is revealed in the costumes of super heroes and ruffians, and what it implies.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.44-47
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• 2005

One of the most important characteristics in Hollywood movies is that Hollywood movies have created heroes. But, the meaning of heroes in Hollywood movies is different from proto- typical heroes. America has such a short history, so it doesn't have the mythology. It is also consist of multi-race, culture. Thus, America people, especially governor need something that tie up governed people spiritually. Hollywood film industry has responded about this expectation since 1920's. Hollywood film producers have created mythology and hero like the western genre and Rambo. Now days, America, as only super power, wants to spread it's mythology and heroes over the world. That is cultural Imperialism.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.36
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• pp.91-119
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• 2014

This paper analyzed and compared the storytelling of female characters in Korean, American, Japanese animations and revealed the ideal image of woman of each culture. Chapter 2 analyzed the superficial images of the female characters and figured out how these images reflected awareness of a reality. This paper revealed that female characters act as a representative cultural symbols and embodies the paradigm and the order of those cultures. In Chapter 3, this paper analyzed and compared how the female characters solve the dramatic events in the entire narrative structure, and revealed the cultural implications of their action and these events. Korean characters were imitating the idols as an extension of the real world, and American characters were drawn as unreal Super Heroes who were utilized to enhance the order of the world if the United States. Japanese characters, the magical girls are led to create a magic circle and then become surreal goddesses. In this way, this paper revealed that female characters in animation reflect the male-centered ideology of each culture according to the awareness of a reality and cultural paradigm.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.64-76
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• 2024

We study three sports media start-ups that seek to promote business model innovation (BMI) in which Web 3.0 and metaverse are converged. In results, LM starts from an innovative digital space platform offering a unique combination of virtual real estate, games, and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) which come with real-world earning potential. It creates value by integrating virtual real estate, training academies, blockchain games, and meta shops to offer a unique experience, capture value by offering monetization tools for buying and trading limited edition NFTs of favorite influencers from various sports leagues, offering access to premier real-world events and VIP game contests, and delivers value by building community to play games with favorite athletes or teams including trivia games, allowing fans to engage with their favorite athletes in a unique exclusive way. SL starts from the customizable digital identities especially for young sports fans like generation (gen) Z to play, hang out, and express themselves with their own avatars. SI starts from a leading Web3.0 metaverse innovator creating NFTs with the greatest athletes of all time, allowing athletes and creators to set up a profile and mint NFTs directly onto the blockchain. It tries to have the partnerships with great athletes revolutionizing the sports media industry to connect sports heroes and their super fans through an immersive, artistic, inspirational NFTs and unlockable content creating a sticky community between them.