• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 1970

It is one of the important subjects in fall crop production of potatoes in korea to find the proper direct planting method as a substitute for transplanting method by sprouting inducement at seed-bed. From this point the author has undertaken this experiments to examine the effects of several handling methods of seed tuber pieces at planting on sprouting of fall grown potatoes at Ansung Agricultural College from August to september in 1969. The results of experiments induced sprouting with Gibberellin treatment using the variety Irish Cobbler were as follows; 1. Sun light exposure treatment to cut surface of potato seed pieces resulted in rotting of seed pieces and delay of sprouting and bud growth. Exposure more than three hours induced severe rotting(more than fifty percent) of seed pieces (Table I). 2. When soil moisture are abundant and the duration of sun light. exposure is short, even direct planting method of treated seed pieces with Gibberellin resulted in good potato stands (Table 2). 3. The direct planting method, as the rotting of seed pieces are avoidable are applicable in fall crop production of potatoes us a substitute for transplanting method because the sprouting and bud growth are promoted more in case of direct planting than transplanting (Table 3). 4. When the humidity in the bottle was low no healing effects was found by holding the seed pieces in large closed bottle under the trees for three days before planting (Table 2). 5. If duration of sunlight exposure is short, no difference of potato stands between clear day planting and cloudy day plant ing (Table 3). 6. As long as soil moisture deficiency. was not induced the irrigation at planting shows no effects to protect the seed piece rotting after planting (Table 3).

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.56 no.10
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• pp.417-423
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• 2013

Vitamin D is an essential component of bone and mineral metabolism; its deficiency causes growth retardation and skeletal deformities in children and osteomalacia and osteoporosis in adults. Hypovitaminosis D (vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency) is observed not only in adults but also in infants, children, and adolescents. Previous studies suggest that sufficient serum vitamin D levels should be maintained in order to enhance normal calcification of the growth plate and bone mineralization. Moreover, emerging evidence supports an association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels and immune function, respiratory diseases, obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, infection, allergy, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases in pediatric and adolescent populations. The risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in the pediatric population are season (winter), insufficient time spent outdoors, ethnicity (non-white), older age, more advanced stage of puberty, obesity, low milk consumption, low socioeconomic status, and female gender. It is recommended that all infants, children, and adolescents have a minimum daily intake of 400 IU ($10{\mu}g$) of vitamin D. Since the vitamin D status of the newborn is highly related to maternal vitamin D levels, optimal vitamin D levels in the mother during pregnancy should be maintained. In conclusion, given the important role of vitamin D in childhood health, more time spent in outdoor activity (for sunlight exposure) and vitamin D supplementation may be necessary for optimal health in infants, children, and adolescents.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.140-148
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the current status of allergic diseases associated with the housing environment and the psychological attitude of residents towards relevant risk factors. This study surveyed 1,200 people. In the first round, 200 participants were questioned through direct survey methods, while 1,000 participants filled out an online survey in the second round. Selected study subjects consisted of allergic diseases known to be closely related to housing environment factors. With advice from medical experts, the analysis included the examination of the prevalence status regarding five types of allergy-related diseases-allergic conjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis, allergic dermatitis, asthma and headache-with the range of disease incidence set within the past ten years. The survey was conducted on all age groups except those nine years old and younger, and the findings are as follows. Allergic diseases were found to be more prevalent among women than men. Residents identified effective methods for the alleviation and treatment of allergic diseases as ventilation, use of environmentally-friendly finishing materials, maintenance of a clean living space through cleaning or washing, and sunlight exposure. Residents' understanding of allergic diseases varied depending on their experience with such diseases and residential characteristics.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.981-990
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• 1996

To define the risk facots of subclinical vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal women, circulating serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, known to be the indicator of vitamin D status, were measured and risk faxtors affecting it were investigated in 27 women with low 25-hydoxyvitamin d level(ie, the study group : serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D<10ng/ml) by comparing to 55 age-matched control(the control group) were analyzed. The serum level of 25-hydorxyvitamin D was analyzed by HPLC(High Pressure Liquid Chor-matography) and analyzed biochemical parameter. The following information was obtained by interviews : sociodemographic charateristics, the intake of food containing vitamin D, proxy measure of sunlight exposure(time spent outdoors), and reprocuctive histpry of the subjects. The study group had significantly lower levels of serum calcium, increased levels of iPTH and alkaline phosphatase, Among the dietary determents, energy, protein, fat, calcium, phophorus, and vitamin D intakes were lower in the study group than the normal group. The time spent outdoors in a day was not significantly different between the two groups. However, during the day, a specific time of time spent out doors between 12:00 and 14:00 was significantly lower in the study group. Logistic analysis revealed that vitamin D and calcium intake were more important affecting factors than the time spent outdoors in post menopausal women.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.293-297
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• 2017

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor that is highly aggressive in nature and indolent in progression. The common risk factors for MCC are senility, prolonged exposure to sunlight, and immune deficient states. Moreover, Merkel cell polyomavirus has recently been characterized to be significantly associated with pathogenesis of MCC, including the expression of Cytokeratin 20 (CK20). Diagnosis is often difficult since histopathological results require a number of differential diagnoses through immunohistochemical (IHC) stains with other cutaneous malignancies. A 67-year-old man presented with a solitary dome-shaped erythematous round mass on the left upper arm for 2 months. Biopsy and IHC studies revealed findings consistent with Merkel Cell Carcinoma of neuroendocrine origin. Common IHC stains usually confirm positive findings for CK20, which is also recognized as the key component in making the diagnosis. We present a CK20 negative MCC in light of expanding the knowledge of unusually stained IHC results in MCC.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.131-142
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• 2014

This paper was focused on investigating synthetic fabrics treated with persimmon juice by padding mangle repeatedly. The merit of dyeing by pad-dry method was easier color reproduction than dyeing by immersion method. With increasing number of padding, the dyed nylon fabrics showed deeper yellow-red colors, but dyed polyester fabrics had no uniform tendency. The dyed synthetic fabrics had a 3rd grade of ligtht, 4~5th grade of perspiration fastness, 5th grade of stain washing fastness, and 3~5th grade of rubbing fastness. As the number of padding and exposed time to sunlight or UV light increase, the value of K/S and ${\Delta}E$ increased and the colors become much deeper gradually. The color development had completed about 70 hours exposure to UV light. As the padding time of dyeing with persimmon juice increased, stiffness and water repellent property were enhanced, respectively. Also, the dyed synthetic fabrics had good antibacterial activity and deodorization.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 1994

Authors reviewed 73 cases of primary skin cancer arising from head and neck, including comparative clinical data of 63 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma retrospectively. There was no significant sexual predilection in each type of cancer and 77% of all cases were occurred after age of 50. The data of occurring site and occupation(farmer; 41%) implied that sunlight exposure strongly concerned in development of skin cancer. Comparing the data of 63 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, authors found out no remarkable difference in mean diameter of primary lesion at first visit of clinic, but some difference in mean duration, the percentage of the cases less than 1 year­duration and percentage of T1 lesion with no statistical significance(p>0.05). Combination of surgery and radiotherapy had relatively lower recurrence rate (11%) than surgery alone (13%). Squamous cell carcinoma had higher recurrence rate(34%) and metastasis rate(28%) than basal cell carcinoma; 6% and 3%, respectively(p<0.05).

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.297-302
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• 2008

Urbanization has caused population influx into cities, creating housing problems, and housing developmental plans have often resulted in high-rise and high-density housing complexes. Such development have seldom incorporated the environmental factors associated with the complexes and the surroundings, just being busy in increasing the volume of the housing supplies, and as a result, various environmental problems, such as disruption of the air flow, reduction of sunlight exposure amount, and temperature rise, have occurred, deteriorating the living environments. Accordingly, the objectives of this paper are to find out the causes of the problems in the contemporary complex development plans from the urban environmental viewpoint through the investigative analysis of microclimate environment in those complexes, and, further, to present a residential complex planning technique and developmental direction so as to remedy the problems described above. Then a 3-D microclimate model 'Envi-Met' was employed to analyze and predict on the related issues, per the selected planning factors.

• Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.137-148
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• 2004

Objective : To identify the risk factors for postmenopausal osteoporosis in Korea Materials and methods : Bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in 808 apparently normal postmenopausal Korean women. Questions about life style, demographic parameters, medical history and social habits etc. were asked on these women; 2ll women with normal bone mineral density, and 597 women with osteopenia or osteoporosis. Results 'Age of >50 years, low body mass index (BMI; <18.5 kg/m2), long duration of menopause(>10 years), and previous history of fracture were associated with increased prevalence of osteopenia or osteoporosis. Women without the outside activity also showed a higher frequency of low bone mass, Risk for osteopenia or osteoporosis was low in women with high BMI (>23 kg/m2) and women with job. The prevalence of low bone mass appeared to be independent of the following parameters: socioeconomic status, familial history, smoking, drinking, exercise, previous use of oral contraceptive, coffee or milk consumption, and degree of sunlight exposure. Conclusion 'Age, BMI, duration of menopause, previous history of fracture and degree of outside activity are the risk factors for postmenopausal osteoporosis in Korea.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.215-219
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• 1991

We report a case of piroxicam-induced photosensitive dermatitis in a 54-year-old female. She had taken oral piroxicam and was exposed to the sunlight on her way home for a few minutes. Several hours after the sun-exposure she developed well-defined, confluent, erythematous plaques and numerous vesicobullae with pruritus and prickling sensation on the sun-exposed areas. A phototest was done on her first visit. The minimal erythemogenic dose(2J/$cm^2$) of ultraviolet(UV) A was markedly decreased whereas that of UVB was within a normal limit. Visible light irradiation for 30 minutes did not cause skin lesions. Six months after the initial skin lesions, a photopatch test with 1% and 10% piroxicam solution followed by UVA(10J/$cm^2$) irradiation showed positive responses on both concentrations.