• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.345-345
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• 2017

In order to reduce rice cultivation area in paddy fields and to increase domestic self-sufficiency of imported upland grain, it is necessary to increase double cropping area of upland crops in paddy field in accordance with decrease of rice consumption in Korea. The double cropping of spring potato-summer grain maize can be combined because of enough growing season in the southern plain of Korea. Spring potato, which is profitable, can be planted in the late February and harvested in the late May as the main crop. Subsequent grain maize can be planted in early June and harvested in November (maturity in the early October). Spring potato (variety Soomi) yielded $2,544kg\;10a^{-1}$ (tuber) when planted in late February, 2016. When maize was planted in June as the second cropping crop, though growth of plant decreased much, grain yield decreased slightly compared to normal planting in April or May. There was enough time to dry maize ear in the field after maturity before harvesting, which saved labor and time for grain drying, since there is no autumn planting at the double cropping of spring potato-summer grain maize. When grain maize (variety Gwangpyeongok) was planted in the early June (June $10^{th}$), average grain yield of above $860kg\;10a^{-1}$ over 2 years of 2015 and 2016 was obtained, and the annual total yield (potato tuber + maize grain) of 3,400 kg $10a^{-1}$ was obtained. The result indicates that the double cropping of spring potato-summer maize using paddy fields in southern plain of Korea, could contribute to the self-sufficiency of upland crops through the maximum production.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.18-28
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• 2021

남부지역 논에서 식량작물을 최대로 생산하기 위해 밀양시 국립식량과학원 시험포장에서 2015~2018년의 4년 동안 겨울밀-벼, 겨울밀-콩 및 겨울밀-곡실용옥수수의 이모작 체계의 생육기간 및 생산성을 비교하였다. 밀의 수확적기는 6월 중순으로 하작물은 6월 하순에 파종(이앙)이 가능하였다. 벼의 6월 하순 이앙 시 안전출수와 벼의 수량성 확보에는 지장이 없었지만 가을에 성숙기가 늦어 뒷그루 밀 파종에는 지장이 많았으며, 특히 중만생종 벼의 경우 수확기가 11월 상순으로 늦추어져 밀의 적기파종이 어려웠다. 콩은 6월 하순이 파종적기이므로 작기상 큰 문제가 없었으며 성숙기도 10월 중순으로 11월 상순의밀 파종에 큰 무리가 없었다. 곡실용옥수수는 6월 하순 파종 시 성숙기가 가장 빨라 밀과의 이모작에서 작기상 가장 유리하였다. 겨울밀-하작물 이모작에서 밀은 콩과 곡실용옥수수 후작에서는 안정적인 수량성을 얻을 수 있었지만 벼의 후작에서는 강우가 많은 해에는 수량이 감소할 위험성이 있었다. 벼, 콩, 곡실용옥수수의 수량성은 각각 600, 350, 800 kg/10a로 높은 수량성 확보가 가능하였고 중생종과 중만생종간의 수량성에 큰 차이를 보이지 않아 중생종이 만생종보다 이모작에 유리하였다. 토양 물리성에서도 콩과 옥수수 등 밭작물의 도입 시 물리성이 좋아지는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 남부지역 논에서 밀-콩/곡실용옥수수 이모작은 작기 연결성 및 토양개선, 소득성(콩)에서 밀-벼 이모작보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.103-114
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• 1994

Pearl millet is a $C_4$ plant and summer crop originated from west Africa, and the sixth most important cereal in the world and the most widely cultivated millet in the semi-arid tropics as a major staple food crop. Its grain of higher quality protein is used to make unleavened bread chapatis and prepared as gruel, dumplings, couscous and beer. It is also used as animal feed and forage in both temperate and tropical regions because it has a capability to grow well not only in the fertile soil, but also in the poor and dry soil. Most of the current breeding procedures used in pearl millet are aimed at maximum exploitation of hybrid vigor for both grain and forage yields in Korea. Pearl millet is ideally suited for exploitation of heterosis using cytoplasmic male sterile lines as seed parent, and fertile inbred lines and open-pollinated cultivars as pollen parent. Pearl millet hybrids developed in Korea produced 3 to 7 tons of grain and 100 to 150 tons of green fodder per hectare.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1998년도 추계 학술대회지
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• pp.22-34
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• 1998

Coarse grain crops including maize, sorghum, buckwheat, fox-tail millet, pearl millet, proso millet and barnyard millet have been used as health food, feed and industrial materials in Korea for a long time. Korean ancestors thought and treated them as the very important good crops for human health and the crops have served as a dish made with all the grains, particularly in January 15 of the lunar month in korea because the grains make the five viscera of heart, liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys and the six entrails of gall bladder, stomach, small and large intestines, the paunch, the bladder, and the bowels strong and build healthy body. Thus, the objectives of the paper were to review and summarize the results obtained from the quality breeding and functional researches worldwide on nutrition, utilization and medical action of the coarse grain crops. Maize grain, fresh ear and green fodder yields have increased since 1960s in Korea. Agronomic traits improvements also occurred for cold tolerance, disease and insect resistance, resistance to barrenness, resistance to loding, pollen production, grain and seed yields, and eating quality. For buckwheat, improved summer buckwheat varieties produced more rutin for vegetable and grain than autumn varieties in Korea

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.272-275
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• 2000

Winter green manure crops including legume increase grain yield of subsequent crop and substitute N fertilizer requirement with organic-No Hairy vetch grows vigorously and can provide N-rich green manure for corn with its soil incorporation after wintering. But, grain yield of corn as succeeding crop would be reduced if its planting time is delayed until late spring. This experiment was carried out to find the proper incorporation time of hairy vetch green manure and planting time of subsequent corn in cropping system with winter hairy vetch(green manure)-summer corn. Hairy vetch was incorporated into soil at a ten-day interval between April 10 and May 10 and corn was planted at 5 days after each hairy vetch incorporation. Soil nitrate concentration on April 10 and 20 in hairy vetch plot was slightly lower than that at winter fallow. Above-ground dry matter and organic-N of hairy vetch increased linearly with delayed hairy vetch incorporation time from April 10 to May 10. Average dry matter and organic-N produced by hairy vetch were 5.7 ton/ha and 248 kgN/ha, respectively. Corn growth and yield decreased as delayed corn planting time after May in spite of increasing dry matter and N-yield of hairy vetch. Nitrogen concentration of corn grain, stalk and whole plant at harvest were the highest in May 5 planting, but total N-uptake of May 5 planting were not different from that of April 25 planting because of lower grain yield. It was concluded that the proper incorporation time of hairy vetch and corn planting time were April 20 and April 25, respectively, because grain yield was the highest and corn could use hairy vetch-N effectively to produce dry matter.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.471-481
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• 1995

The weed population dynamics as affected by contrasting conventional tillege (CT) and no-tillage (NT) practices with a minimum herbicide application was studied in Athens, Georgia, U.S.A. Common chickweed (Stellaria media) was the most common spring weed while johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia), and pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) accounted for 89∼97％ of net production during summers of 1983 and 1984. Total weed production in summer of 1984 was 2∼5 times greater than that of 1983. Weed production was greater in NT plots than in CT plots in summer of 1983, but reverse was the case in summer of 1984. In spring, net production in NT plots was greater than that in CT plots, especially, in 1985. Species diversity was consistently higher in NT plots, but in the wet summer of 1984 the pattern was different, with higher diversity in CT plots. Weed species diversity was higher in the spring rye crop than in the summer grain sorghum crop. The larger but less diverse weed populations in summer of 1984 indicated that these populations experienced competitive exclusion. Under the favorable summer moisture conditions the three dominant species grew so vigorously and quickly as to exclude many less common species that were able to survive under the drier conditions in 1983. The three dominant species not only excluded other weeds in 1984 but also greatly reduced crop production. The perennial johnsongrass was equally successful, or even more so, in CT plots as in NT plots. Plowing did not kill johnsongrass rhizomes but tended to break them up, thus increasing the number of individual plants that appear after the plowing. It means that johnsongrass was not controlled by the plowing. In summer of 1983, a moderate amount of weedy growth was maintained with a minimum amount of gerbicide application in NT and CT plots. It is possible that a small mixed weed population would be beneficial by providing cover for predatory and parasitic arthropods, and by reducing soil temperature and moisture losses.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.355-363
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate suitable rice cultivars for various rice based cropping systems in a paddy field in the Yeongnam plain area. Thirteen rice cultivars (5 early, 3 medium and 5 mid-late maturing cultivars) and three transplanting dates (June 5, June 25 and July 5) were evaluated in this study. The mid-late and early maturing cultivars for the July 5 and June 25 transplanting headed before August 30 which is the safe heading date in the Yeongnam plain area, ranging from Aug. 26 - 28 and Aug. 18 - 23, respectively. The safe harvest time of rice for double and triple cropping systems should be before the middle of October for the cultivation of the succeeding winter crops. The rice yield was the highest for the June 5 transplanting regardless of the rice cultivars, and it gradually decreased as the transplanting date was delayed from June 5 to July 5 due to a decrease in the spikelet numbers per panicle number and in the ripened grain rate. In contrast, the other yield parameters that include the panicle number per $m^2$, the 1,000-brown rice weight, and the ripened grain ratio were not significantly affected. The result indicates that based on the milled rice, heading time and harvest time, a medium maturing cultivar (Haiami and Samdeog) would be applicable to a winter barley/wheat, garlic/onion-summer rice double cropping, while a mid-late cultivar (Saeilmi, Saenuri and Hyunpoom) would be suitable for a spring potato/waxy corn-summer rice double cropping in the Yeongnam plain area. On the other hand, an early maturing cultivar (Unkwang, Jokwang and Haedamssal) would be preferable for a triple cropping because of the short growth period of rice.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.185-188
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• 2019

The production of traditional cool season grasses in temperate regions is becoming hampered during summer seasons due to water deficit. Thus, incorporating water use efficient warm season annual grasses are generally considered to fill the gap of summer season forage reduction that would offer considerable flexibility and adaptability to respond to forage demand. Teff (Eragrostis teff Zuccagni) Trotter) is, a C4 drought tolerant warm season annual grass primarily grown for grain production, recently gaining interest for forage production particularly during summer season. Previous reports have showed that teff is palatable and has comparable forage biomass and feed quality as compared to other warm season annual grasses which would make it an alternative forage. However, the available data are not comprehensive to explore the potential of teff as forage, hence further assessment of genotype variability and performance along with compatibility study of teff with forage production system of specific environment is key for future utilization.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.62-62
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• 2022

Among annual precipitation in Korea (1306.3 mm), 54% of it falls intensively in summer, and only about 12.4% falls in April and May, when the water requirement of wheat is the highest. Korean wheat also could be damaged by soil water excess stress as frozen soil thaws after winter (late Feb-Mar). This study was conducted to evaluate effect of soil water stress on yield and quality of Korean wheat cultivar 'Saegeumgang'. Soil water treatments consisted of 4 treatments; water excess treatment in tilling stage (3.23-3.30), drought treatment in ripening stage (Apr-Jun), irrigation treatment in ripening stage (5.10) and standard condition. There was no significant difference between the treatment conditions for culm length, and the number of spike number was the highest in the order of irrigation in the ripening period (951)> standard cultivation (876)> excess water treatment in the tilling stage (752)> drought treatment in the ripening stage (767/m²). Test weight and Thousand grain weight were 548g/L and 22. lg respectively, which were lower than other treatments, and there was no significant difference between the other treatments. Abortive grain was 5.4kg/10a which was lower than other treatment, and there was no significant difference between the other treatment than other treatments. In drought treatment, protein content was 11.9% which is the highest among all treatments, and SDS-sedimentation value was 27.2ml under drought treatment which was very low compared to other treatments. Therefore, wheat yield and spike number were decreased in excess water condition at tilling stage and drought condition at ripening stage. Furthermore, wheat quality became deteriorate in drought condition at ripening stage.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.129-142
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• 1986

메밀의 지방재래종 55계통을 수집하여 춘파 및 하파재배후 개화한 다음 장ㆍ단주화의 분리비 또는 수정력, 대소포자모세포감수분열, 자웅배우체영성과정, 난장치 등을 조사하고 또한 상호인공교배하여 수정력, 수정현상, 원배형성 등을 비교, 조사하였던바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 해안지, 산간지, 평야지의 지역별 장ㆍ단주화 분리비는 큰 차는 없었으나, 평야지가 해안지나 산간지보다 불규칙하였다. 2. 계절별 장ㆍ단주화 분리비는 춘파재배는 불규칙하였으나 하파재배는 1：1로 분리하였다. 3. 양친의 화형에 따른 장ㆍ단주화 분리비는 양친화형에 관계없이 춘파재배는 단주화비율이 현저히 높았으나 하파재배는 1：1로 분리를 하였다. 4. 인공적법수분에 의한 결실율은 춘파재배 (약30%) 보다 하파재배(59∼61% ) 가 현저히 높았고, 부적법수분에서는 춘파재배에서만 0.8∼1.8 % 결실되었다. 5. 하파재배에서 개화시기별 인공적법수분에서 결실율은 초기>중기>말기순으로 높았다. 6. 장ㆍ단기별 주당입수와 입중은 입의 크기에 관계없이 장주화<단주화였고, 1,000입중은 대입종이 장주화>단주화, 중소입종은 장주화>단주화이였다. 7. 정상대소포자형성율은 춘파재배보다 하파재배가 현저히 높았다. 8. 배주는 직생배주이며 2개의 극핵은 개화전에 융합핵으로 되 었다. 9. 화분은 수분후 30분이면 주두에서 발아, 신장하고, 1.5∼2시간이면 주공내에 진입하며, 2∼3시간이면 극핵과 정핵이, 3∼5시간이면 알세포와 정핵이 수정이 되는데 가을보다 여름이 빠르다. 10. 수정란은 합점측의 상단세포와 주공측의 하단세포로 분열되는데 수분후 15∼24시간이 소요되며, 여름이 가을보다 빠르다. 11. 수분후 7-8일 이면 원배는 배로 형성되기 시작하여 15일 이면 완전한 배를 형성한다.