• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.354-358
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• 2014

Field study was conducted to evaluate the agronomic effectiveness of sulphur-bentonite fertilizer. Soil pH was slightly lower tendency to the increase of sulphur-bentonite fertilization, but did not indicate a sharp decline in soil pH. The T-N contents in the $6kg/1000m^2$ plot was higher to 700 mg/kg and the organic matter content was 1.29% in the $3kg/1000m^2$ plot. The content of available-P was also increased to 289 mg/kg in the $6kg/1000m^2$ plot. The growth characteristics of the young radish (Raphanus sativus L.) has significantly more in $3kg/1000m^2$ plot on upper part, and more on under part in $6kg/1000m^2$ plot. Therefore, it is concluded that the application of sulphur-bentonite fertilizer was thought to be effective for the chemical characteristics of soil and crop growth enhancement.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.307-313
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• 2005

Thiobacillus ferrooxidans is one of the most important bacterium used in bioleaching, and can utilize $Fe^{2+}$ or sulphide as energy source. Growth curves for Thiobacillus ferrooxidans have been tested, which show lag, logarithmic, stationary and aging phases as seen in other bacteria. The logarithmic phases were from 10 to 32 hours for Thiobacillus ferrooxidans cultivated with $Fe^{2+}$ and from 4 to 12 days for Thiobacillus ferrooxidans cultivated with elemental sulphur. Differences of protein patterns of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans growing on elemental sulphur and $Fe^{2+}$ separately were investigated after cultivation at $30^{\circ}C$ by the analysis of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization (MALDI)-Mass spectrometry and ESI-MS/MS. From the 7 identified protein spots, 11 spots were found more abundant when growing on elemental sulphur. By contrast 6 protein spots were found decreased at elemental cultivation condition. Among the proteins identified, cytochrome C have been previously identified as necessary elements of electron-transfering pathway for Thiobacillus ferrooxidans to oxidize $Fe^{2+}$; ATP synthase alpha chain and beta are expressed increased when Thiobacillus ferrooxidans cultivated with $Fe^{2+}$ as energy source. ATP synthase Beta chain is the catalytic subunit, and ATP synthase alpha chain is a regulatory subunit. The function of ATPase produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.359-362
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• 1996

A study was conducted to assess the influence of copper on the total sulphur amino acid requirements of broiler chickens reared under two growing periods. The TSAA levels used were 0.73, 0.83, 0.93% with copper levels of 0, 125, 250 and 375 mg/kg for the starter period and the TSAA levels of 0.72, 0.79 and 0.86% with copper levels of 0, 125, 250 and 375 mg/kg for the grower period. Total feed consumption, body weight gain and feed L gain ratio were used as the parameters for the assessment. The results showed that adding copper at 250 mg/kg to the diets improved feed : gain ratio of the starter broilers and resulted in small improvement of body weight gain and feed : gain ratio of the grower broilers. Growth was depressed in relation to the reduction of feed intake on the chicks fed diet containing 375 mg/kg copper. There was a significant interaction between dietary TSAA and copper levels for feed intake, hence, indicating that the supplementation of copper at the level of 375 mg/kg increased the TSAA requirement of the starter broilers, although no interference with the requirement of grower broilers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.107-111
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• 1996

Studies on the effects of protein levels on the total sulphur amino acid (TSAA) requirements of chickens were conducted on the starter broilers by feeding four levels of crude protein(16, 18, 20 and 23%) at three levels of TSAA (0.83, 0.93 and 1.03%) and on the grower broilers by feeding three levels of crude protein (16, 18 and 20%) at three levels of TSAA(0.72, 0.79 and 0.86%). The metabolisable energy of the diets was maintained constant at 3,200 kcal/kg and the experiments were carried out for two growing periods: starter (0-3 wk) and grower (3-6 wk). The results showed that there were significant differences in body weight gain, feed intake and feed:gain ratio under different protein levels of the starters. Crude protein, ME and TSAA intake were significantly affected by increasing the CP levels. The TSAA requirement of the starter broilers is recommended at 0.93% and it is not influenced by different protein levels used in the experiment. For the grower period, body weight gain and feed:gain ratio improved significantly at higher protein diets. Birds fed higher protein diet consumed greater quantities of protein. Responses to TSAA supplementation for body weight gain, feed intake and feed:gain ratio were not significant. The present results showed that the TSAA level of 0.79 to 0.86% was required for grower diets and that the protein levels of the diet did not influence the TSAA requirement.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 1996

There levels of dietary ME (3,000, 3,200 and 3,400 kcal/kg) and four levels of Total Sulphur Amino Acid (TSAA) (0.73, 0.83, 0.93 and 1.03%) were studied in the starter period (0-3 wks) of the broilers. Three levels of dietary ME (3,000, 3,200 and 3,400 kcal/kg) combined with four levels of TSAA (0.65, 0.72, 0.79 and 0.86%) were studied in the grower period (3-6 wks). The crude protein content of the diet of the starter period was 23% while the diet of the grower period was 20%. The performance data of the starter broilers indicated that the dietary energy levels had no significant effects on body weight gain, feed intake and feed:gain ratio. However, TSAA levels had a significant influence on the growth and feed parameters. The response pattern for the grower period was similar to the starter period. The present experiment showed that in the tropics the TSAA requirement for the starter period was between 0.83 to 0.93% which is similar to the values recommended by NRC while for the grower period the TSAA requirement was between 0.79 to 0.86% at all the three energy levels which is higher than the values recommended by NRC.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.200-200
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• 2003

Intact mammalian hair and wool fibres are multi-compartmental composite materials consisting of a sulphur-rich outer protective cuticle layer surrounding elongated, highly keratinized, cortex cells. The cortex cells themselves are made up of crystalline, filamentous, low-sulphur a-helical keratin molecules embedded in a matrix of highly cross-linked, globular high-sulphur keratins. It is the structurally organised and highly disulphide cross-linked nature of these materials that provides them with their remarkable mechanical properties. However these mechanical properties are sensitive to environmental conditions such as water content, temperature and chemical treatment and the importance of their ultra-structural arrangements to overall mechanical properties in different environments is still not fully understood.(omitted)

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.205-214
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• 2014

Petroleum a vital commodity affecting every aspect of 21st century. Toxicity and adverse effects of sulphur as catalyst in petroleum products is of great concern required development of techniques for desulphurization in compliance with the International standards. Installation of desulphurizing units costs over $200 million per unit placing economic burden on developing countries like Pakistan. Present study analysis of commercial fuels (station petrol and jet fuel JP8) on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified sulphur concentration of 19.94 mg/L and 21.75 mg/L, respectively. This scenario urged the researcher to attempt synthesis of material that is likely to offer good adsorption capacity for sulphur. Following protocol of sol-gel method, transition metals (Ni, Cu, Zn) solution is gelated with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS; silica precursor) using glycerol. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra revealed bonding of Zn-O, Cu-O, and Ni-O by stretching vibrations at $468cm^{-1}$, $617cm^{-1}$, and $468cm^{-1}$, respectively. Thiophene and Benzothiophene mixed in n-heptane and benzene (4:1) for preparation of Model Fuels I and II, respectively. Each of silica based metal was applied as adsorbent in batch mode to assess the removal efficiency. Results demonstrated optimal desulphurization of more than 90% following efficacy order as Si-Ni > Si-Zn > Si-Cu based adsorbents. Proposed multilayered (Freundlich) adsorption mechanism follows ${\pi}$-complexation with pseudo secnd order kinetics.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.49-59
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• 1989

The effect of non-metallic inclusions on the HAZ hydrogen induced cracking was investigated. Quench and temper high tensile strength steels containing various sulphur contents were employed. The sulphur contents range between 0.007% and 0.040%. Non-metallic inclusions were mainly MnS type sylphide and Mn-Al-Si type. The sensitivity of HAZ delayed cracking was evaluated by implant testing. Diffusible hydrogen content was varied by controlling the moisture absorbing condition of manual arc welding electrodes. The one was asreceived condition, the other was dipping the electrodes in the water for ten minutes. The main results obtained were as follows; 1) The results of implant test showed that critical stress increased with increasing S content up to 0.013%. But steel containing 0.040%S showed lower critical stress than that of 0.013% S. These result suggest that there will be optimum S content to prevent HAZ delayed cracking of high strength steels. 2) Under the lower D.H.C. level, critical stress was increased with rolling reduction, but higher D.H.C. level, effect of rolling reduction was not recognized.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.325-329
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• 2004

Ten male buffalo calves (aged 6-8 months, average body wt. $88.5{\pm}0.5kg$) were divided into two groups of five animals in each. All the animals were fed on urea-ammoniated wheat straw (4% urea, 50% moisture) along with concentrate mixture (50:50 on DM basis). In addition animals in group II were given sodium sulphate to see the effect of sulphur on the utilization of nitrogen added through urea-ammoniation. This feeding practice continued for a period of 120 d, during which fortnightly body weights were taken to assess their growth rate. A metabolism trial was conducted after 90 days of feeding to know the digestibility of nutrients and their balance. Results revealed no significant difference in the intake of DM and other nutrients in two groups. The digestibility of DM, OM, EE, NDF, ADF and cellulose was alike in animals fed ammoniated straw and ammoniated straw+sodium sulphate supplemented group, whereas the digestibilities of CP and hemicellulose was significantly (p<0.01) more in group I and II respectively. There was no significant difference in intake of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus in 2 groups. Similarly, the balance of these 3 nutrients was positive and statistically alike in two groups. Intake and excretion of sulphur through faeces and urine was significantly (p<0.01) more in group II than in group I. Inspite of higher excretion of sulphur through faeces and urine in group II, the sulphur balance was significantly (p<0.05) more in group II than in group I, probably due to significantly (p<0.01) higher intake of sulphur in this group. There was no significant difference in total body weight gain or average daily gain between two groups, indicating that addition of sodium sulphate did not have any positive effect on these parameters. Similarly the intake of DM, DCP and TDN were also alike in two groups. The DCP and TDN values of the two diets were 8.0, 60.4 and 6.8, 56.6% respectively. Feeding cost/unit gain was alike in both the groups.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the change of phenolic compounds after lime-sulphur mixture treatment on Cheorwon onion. Onion is a perennial plant belonging to the lily family. It is native to Persia of Southwest Asia. It is cultivated much in the temperate regions of the world. Onion is a good name for the 'Okchong' to drop blood cholesterol and cardiovascular blood flow to increase the prevention of adult diseases. Cheorwon area is inland, but it has high continental climate due to its high altitude. After the treatment with lime-sulphur mixture, the weight, width and plant height of the onion were not affected. In the phenolic compounds, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rutin, p-coumaric acid and kaempferol except benzoic acid and quercetin were similar to or less than the control. Therefore, it was concluded that the treatment with lime-sulphur mixture had some effect on phenolic compound contents, benzoic acid and qurercetin.