• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.144-152
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• 1995

This study was carried out in order to utilize ginseng marc (GM), a byproduct produced during the preparation of ginseng extract. For the utilization of GM as coffee-replacing beverage, GM was roasted at 140-23$0^{\circ}C$, for 10-30 min to generate coffee-like flavor and taste. The physicochemical changes in GM induced by roasting process was measured. Weight and moisture contents of GM abruptly decreased while roasting at various temperature and period of time, and the amount of water-extracted solid substances decorated beyond 23$0^{\circ}C$. Among the proximate components, total and free sugar decreased remarkably, while crude fat content increased. Crude protein content did not change by the roasting process. pH derides to pH 4.9 after 30 min at 20$0^{\circ}C$, but increased at higher temperatures. Hunter color L value of the GM powder decreased, whereas a and b values, increased up to 10 times as compared to that of the control. The brown color(O, D 490 nm) in 50% ethanol extract of the roasted GM was 46 times higher than that of the control.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.352-357
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• 1993

The effects of culture broth filtrates, sugar changes and utilizationon the growth and acid production of P. freudenreichii KFCC 31227and L. acidophilus KFCC 32825 were investigated in S.G.Y.(Skim milk, glucose, yeast extract) and SMW (skin milk whey)medium by the single and mixed cultures. The growth and acid production by mixed culture and in cultured broth filtrate of the other party were more affected than those of single culture and self-cultured broth filtrate. When the two strains were cultured, P. freudenreichii KFCC 31227 utilized with lactose more than glucose and L. acidophilus KFCC 32825 was glucose more than lactose in the growth and acid production. The mixed culture of two strains was more affected to sugar utilization than single culture. This result was considered due to the synergistic effect by interaction of these two strains in mixed culture.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.945-951
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• 2013

In vitro studies were undertaken to develop an appropriate fibrolytic enzymes cocktail comprising of cellulase, xylanase and ${\beta}$-D-glucanase for maize stover with an aim to increase its nutrient utilization in sheep. Cellulase and xylanase added individually to ground maize stover at an increasing dose rates (0, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1,600, 3,200, 6,400, 12,800, 25,600, 32,000, 38,400, and 44,800 IU/g DM), increased (p<0.01) the in vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro sugar release. The doses selected for studying the combination effect of enzymes were 6,400 to 32,000 IU/g of cellulase and 12,800 to 44,800 IU/g of xylanase. At cellulase concentration of 6,400 IU/g, IVDMD % was higher (p<0.01) at higher xylanase doses (25,600 to 44,800 IU/g). While at cellulase doses (12,800 to 32,000 IU/g), IVDMD % was higher at lower xylanase doses (12,800 and 25,600 IU/g) compared to higher xylanase doses (32,000 to 44,800 IU/g). At cellulase concentration of the 6,400 to 32,000 IU/g, the amount of sugar released increased (p<0.01) with increasing levels of xylanase concentrations except for the concentration of 44,800 IU/g. No effect of ${\beta}$-D-glucanase (100 to 300 IU/g) was observed at lower cellulase-xylanase dose (cellulase-xylanase 12,800 to 12,800 IU/g). Based on the IVDMD, the enzyme combination cellulase-xylanase 12,800 to 12,800 IU/g was selected to study its effect on feed intake and rumen fermentation pattern, conducted on 12 rams (6 to 8 months; $20.34{\pm}2.369$ kg body weight) fed 50% maize stover based TMR. The total volatile fatty acids (p<0.01) and ammonia-N concentration was higher in enzyme supplemented group, while no effect was observed on dry matter intake, ruminal pH and total nitrogen concentration.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.120-125
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• 2015

In this study, the probiotification of mango juice was carried out by lactic acid bacteria fermentation. Mango juice fermentation was performed at 30℃ for 72 h under micro-aerophilic conditions. The microbial population, pH, titrable acidity, sugar, and organic acid metabolism were measured during the fermentation period and the viability of the strains was determined under the storage conditions at 4℃ for 4 weeks. The lactic acid bacteria reduced the pH to as low as 3.2 from 4.5 within 72 h of fermentation. The substrate concentration was reduced to 5.8% (w/v) from 12% (w/v). Lactobacillus plantarum exhibited the fastest utilization of sugar and reduction of pH in the mango juice when compared to the other strains used. The viability of the cells was maintained at 1.0 × 10⁷ CFU/ml throughout the storage period. From this investigation, it can be concluded that mango juice is suitable for the production of probiotic beverage.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.231-237
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• 1984

Culture conditions for yeast production from the acid hydrolyzate of the 2nd waste composts of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) were determined. Among the yeast strains tested, Candida quilliermondii JAFM 215, which was culture at $30^{\circ}C$, pH 5.0, showed good culture yield. Yeast production was the highest yield with the medium composition of 0.3% $NH_4Cl$, 0.15% $KH_2PO_4$, 0.02% $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, and 0.05% $CaCl_2$. Yeast growth was increased at the concentration of 0.001 to 0.01% furfural, but at the higher concentration the yeast growth was inhibited. Utilization rate of sugar was 86.2%, and yield of yeast from sugar was 50.45%. Crude protein of yeast ranged from 50 to 52%.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 1998

To furnish basic data about the utilization of Korean loquat as flood, this experiment was conducted. Nutritional components in leaves, fruit excluded seed, flesh and seed of Korean loquat were analyzed as follows : moisture 48.7%, 87.8%, 88.3% and 59.5% ; total sugar 1.57%, 7.21%, 7.36% and 2.41% ; crude protein 5.23%, 1.61%, 1.44% and 4.31% in each portion, respectively. The highest mineral contents of loquat leaves, fruit excluded seed, flesh and seed were Ca 2,458ppm, K 661ppm, 654ppm and 1,528ppm, and water soluble vitamins such as ascorbic acid, thiamin and pyridoxine were confirmed in different pares of Korean loquat, the contents of those were high thiamin 5.86mg% in leaves and ascorbic acid 1.l0mg%, 1.26mg% and 4.90mg% in fruit excluded seed flesh and seed, respectively. The contents of free sugars were high sucrose 0.87%, glucose 0.62%, 0.6475 and rhamnose 0.20%, and major organic acid were detected oxalic acid 1,693.70mg%, malic acid 201.70mg%, 207.60mg% and citric acid 55.70mg% in each portion, respectively. Free amino acid were identified 21, 14, 14 and 16 kinds of leaves, fruit excluded seed, flesh and seed, respectively and their contents in each portion were highest glutamic acid 280.22mg%, proline 35.l0mg%, glutamic acid 56.96mg% and sarcosine 230.24mg%, respectively. Volatile components were identified 25 and 11 kinds of leaves and flesh and their contents were highest d-nerolidol 28.70ppm, hexadecanoic acid 16.67ppm, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.128-134
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• 1995

Gigolphy(Lycii cortex Radicis) wine and its chemical components and physical properties were prepared and analyzed for development of Boxthorn product and utilization of Boxthorn. Chemical components and physical properties of this wine was analyzed. When this wine were evaluated by Amerine test and by concerning physico-chemical properties, the recipy including 20 % of sugar, and 2.0 % of Gigolphy powder were the most highly recommended for development of Gigolphy wine.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.43-51
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• 2011

Chemical composition and contents of carbohydrates, lignin, and extractives in Moso(Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel), Henon(Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis Stapf ex. Rendle), and Timber bamboo(Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc.) known as economically valuable bamboo species in Korea were analyzed as a function of ages. All of tested bamboo species were composed of fucose, arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose, xylose, and mannose. Glucose was the sugar which showed the highest content followed by xylose. The contents of others were below 3%. Sugar contents of bamboo shoots showed the lowest among the tested bamboo samples, and the constant rates were shown after 50 days of growth. Lignin content increased by the growth of one year, and the increasing rates tended to be constant after the growth of three years. Bamboo shoots have the highest contents of acid-soluble lignin, which turned into insoluble lignin after the growth of 50 days. Bamboo shoots showed the highest content of extractives and tend to be decreased by the growth of 50 days and then the content increased slowly in proportion to the period of bamboo growth. No relationship was found between species and chemical composition of bamboo. However, there were significant difference in chemical composition between bamboo shoots and 50-day old bamboo.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.158-168
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• 1987

Several species of the fungi were isolated from cassava(Manihot esculenta Gruntz) starch which had formed into pellet, those had been stored for a while in southern part of Thailand. The species of Rhizopus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus fumigatus were identified. The experimental results are as follows; Dry weight increases were checked during the static liquid culture with modified Czapek Dox medium to which cassava starch was partly replaced to sugar, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus had grown more than Rizopus species when 6% cassava starch was replaced to sugar and had been cultured for 72 hours. Amounts of mycelial protein of Aspergillus niger were checked, the highest amount was shown in 6% cassava starch involved medium. When nitrogen sources were varied such as ammonium sulfate or urea against sodium nitrate, there was no significant difference in mycelial production. Alpha amylase activity of each fungus isolated here was checked, those of Aspergillus niger have shown the highest peak at 72 hours.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.3
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• pp.9-15
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• 1962

1) Among 8 strains of Rhizopus and 7 of Aspergillus species investigated for their producibility of saccharifying amylase, Rhizopus delemar ND 1 and Aspergillus usamii mut. shirousamii were selected as having high saccharifying activity. 2). Since Rh. delemar ND 1 shows high saccharifying activity and slight transglucosidase activity, it likely seems suitable for the production of starch-sugar by enzymic saccharification. Asp. usamii mut. shirousamii exerts low saccharifying but moderate transglucesidase activity and is considered to be usable in producing sugar-syrup with particular flavor and taste. 3). Using the saccharogenic enzyme from Rh. delemar ND 1, a prelimimary trial was done to obtain purified glucose powders.