• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.273-278
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• 2011

The contents of starch, moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and ash of different varieties of potatoes were analyzed. The average starch contents of Go-woon, Ha-ryoung, Dae-seo, Jo-won, Ga-won potatoes were $17.9{\pm}0.2$, $18.0{\pm}1.7$, $17.7{\pm}0.5$, $14.8{\pm}0.4$, and $16.2{\pm}1.0%$, respectively. The ground powder of each starchy substrate was suspended in distilled water, and then liquefied, saccharified, and fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC26603 at $30^{\circ}C$ for 4 days. By statistical analysis, the effectiveness of the contents of the different components of the potato tubers on the ethanol production were examined. The results showed that the starch content positively affected the ethanol production. while moisture content affected negatively the ethanol production. Ethanol production from the 5 different varieties of potato tubers harvested on different time were examined and the results indicated that both of potato variety and the harvesting-time significantly affected the ethanol production. Among the several varieties of potato, Ha-ryoung produced the highest yield of ethanol as much as $94.3{\pm}1.9$ L/ton or $3111{\pm}62.7$ L/ha.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.261-265
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• 2023

We aimed to develop outstanding domestic varieties suitable for both columnar and cylindrical-shape substrates, aiming to replace foreign varieties. and bred a high-quality new strain named 'Charmjon', using genetic resources collected from Japan and China. The optimal cultivation temperature for Charmjon's mycelial growth was found to be 25℃, and its mycelial growth at 15℃ and 25℃ was superior to the control variety. In terms of mycelial growth characteristics based on the substrate, Charmjon exhibited excellent mycelial strength on PDA medium compared to the control variety. Through columnar and cylindrical-shape substrates cultivation, we assessed the quantity and morphological characteristics of the fruiting bodies. The results confirmed that Charmjon can be produced stably using both cultivation methods, and it showed higher yields and individual weights than the control variety. In addition, the color of the pileus was notably darker, and the shape of the pileus varied depending on the cultivation method. The test of genetic diversity revealed that Charmjon has distinct genetic characteristics compared to the control varieties.

• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.67-73
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• 2006

A system in package (SiP) generally contains a variety of systems such as analog, digital, optical and micro-electro-mechanical systems, integrated in a system-level package connected through a substrate. However, there are many electrical and mechanical reliability issues including the reliability issue for embedded structures. A mismatch of thermal coefficients of expansion among packaging materials and devices can lead to warping or delamination in the package. In this study, the effect of material properties of underfill, such as Young's modulus and CTE, are investigated through FEM simulation. Experimental investigation on the warpage of the package is also carried out to verify the simulation results. The results show that the reliability of the system in package is closely related to the material properties of underfill. The results of this study provide a good guidance for the material selection when designing the system in package.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

This review article summarizes metal-assisted chemical etching (MAC etch or MACE), an anisotropic etching method for Si, and describes principles, main factors, and recent achievements in literature. In 1990, it was discovered that, with metal catalyst on surface and $H_2O_2$/HF as etchant, Si substrate can be etched anisotropically, in even in solution. In contrast to high-cost vacuum-based dry etching methods, MAC etch enables to fabricate a variety of high aspect ratio nanostructures through wet etching process.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.491-500
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• 2004

The Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions of anthrone with a variety of ethylenic substrates under various conditions have been studied. It has been observed that depending on kinds of ethylenic substrates and catalysts, products were varied. In particular, the $ZnCl_2$-catalyzed reaction of anthrone with ${\alpha},{\beta}$ -unsaturated ester gave bridged compounds 3 (Diels-Alder adduct type) and mono-Michael adduct 4 exclusively, while the base-catalyzed reaction gave 10,10-bis-Michael adduct as a major product independent of the amount of ethylenic substrate and base. Bridged compounds 3 were easily converted to the corresponding mono-Michael adduct 4 by a catalytic amount of base. Further Michael reaction of mono-Michael adducts with different ethylenic substrates in the presence of a catalytic amount of alkoxide gave unsymmetrical 10,10-bis Michael adducts in good or moderate yields.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.54-58
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• 2016

In natural conditions, the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), colonizes in warm temperate regions, and is active in Korea from May through October. Information on black soldier fly rearing, which is affected by seasonal factors in Korea, is limited. This species colonizes and oviposits in a wide variety of decomposing vegetable and animal matter. For mass rearing of black soldier flies, the egg deposition methods are dependent on sunlight and oviposition sites. In this study, we investigated the substrates and oviposition sites preferred by black soldier fly in artificial rearing system. Our results showed that as black soldier flies prefer mating under sunlight, they prefer ovipositing at sites where adequate sunlight and food substrate are available. Further detailed research is required to develop methods for artificially rearing black soldier fly throughout the year in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.175.1-175.1
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• 2015

CuSn thin films were deposited by rf magnetron co-sputtering method with pure Cu and Sn metal targets with a variety of rf powers. CuSn thin films were studied with a surface profiler (alpha step), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray induced Auger electron spectroscopy (XAES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and contact angle measurement. The thickness of CuSn thin films was fixed at $200{\pm}10nm$ and deposition rate was calculated by the measured with a surface profiler. From the survey XPS spectra, the characteristic peaks of Cu and Sn were observed. Therefore, CuSn thin films were successfully synthesized on the Si (100) substrate. The oxidation state and chemical environment of Cu and Sn were investigated with the binding energy regions of Cu 2p XPS spectra, Sn 3d XPS spectra, and Cu LMM Auger spectra. Change of the crystallinity of the films was observed with XRD spectra. Using contact angle measurement, surface free energy (SFE) and wettability of the CuSn thin films were studied with distilled water (DW) and ethylene glycol (EG).

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.148-153
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• 1999

Laccase produced by Coriolus hirsutus was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by acetone precipitation, Sephacryl S-2000 HR chromatography, DEAE Sepharose CL-6B chromatography, and Mono Q HR 5/5 chromatography. The purification of laccase was 46.6-fold with an overall yield of 23.7%. Laccase from this fungus was a monomeric glycoprotein with 16% carbohydrate content, and has an isoelectric point of 4.2, and molecular mass of 78 kDa, respectively. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme showed significant homology to hoste of laccases from Coriolus versicolor, Pycnoporus cinnabarius, and an unidentified basidiomycete, PM1. The highest rate of 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) oxidation by laccase was reached at 45$^{\circ}C$, and te pH optima of the enzyme varied depending on the substrate in the range of 2.0 to 4.5. The enzyme was stable at 60$^{\circ}C$ for 5 h and lost 80% activity at 80$^{\circ}C$ in 30 min. The enzyme oxidized a variety of usual laccase substrates including lignin-related phenol, and had the highest affinity toward ABTS. Under standard assay conditions, the apparent Km value of the enzyme toward ABTS was 8.1 ${\mu}$M. The enzyme was completely inhibited by L-cysteine and sodium azide, but not by potassium cyanide, SDS, ad thiourea.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.718-726
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• 2010

A selected fungal strain, for production of the raw-starchdigesting enzyme by solid-state fermentation, was improved by two repeated sequential exposures to ${\gamma}$-irradiation of $Co^{60}$, ultraviolet, and four repeated treatments with Nmethyl-N'-nitrosoguanidine. The mutant strain Aspergillus sp. XN15 was chosen after a rigorous screening process, with its production of the raw-starch-digesting enzyme being twice that of usual wild varieties cultured under preoptimized conditions and in an unsupplemented medium. After 17 successive subculturings, the enzyme production of the mutant was stable. Optimal conditions for the production of the enzyme by solid-state fermentation, using wheat bran as the substrate, were accomplished for the mutant Aspergillus sp. XN15. With the optimal fermentation conditions, and a solid medium supplemented with nitrogen sources of 1% urea and 1% $NH_4NO_3$, 2.5 mM $CoSO_4$, 0.05% (v/w) Tween 80, and 1% glucose, the mutant Aspergillus sp. XN15 produced the raw-starch-digesting enzyme in quantities 19.4 times greater than a typical wild variety. Finally, XN15, through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of a raw rice corn starch slurry, produced a high level of ethanol with $Y_{p/s}$ of 0.47 g/g.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.217-220
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• 2014

Graphite electrodes are used for secondary batteries, fuel cells, and super capacitors. Research is underway to increase the reaction area of graphite electrodes. In this study, we have investigated the growth properties of carbon nanowall (CNW) according to the ingredient of gas. Microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) system was used to grow CNW on Si substrate with a variety of the reaction gas. The planar and vertical growth conditions of the grown CNWs according to the ingredient of the gas were characterized by a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The electrical characteristics of CNWs were analyzed using a 4-point probe.