• Ocean policy research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.1-28
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the substitution among production factors of Korean distant water longline fisheries in IATTC waters. In the analysis, the translog function which have one output variable of total cost and input variables of labor, fuel, fishing gear, and capital was established and it was transformed into simultaneous equations by each cost. Then, variables of equations were estimated by SUR (seemingly unrelated regression) model. Since distant water longline fisheries is a fishing type with high fuel usage, substitution of fuel with other factors was mainly analyzed. Results showed a substitute relation between fuel and labor as well as fuel and fishing gear, while a complementary relation between fuel and capital. In addition, it was analyzed that magnitude of fuel elasticity with other factors would be inelastic.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.207-214
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• 1997

Strength experimental on mortar which use Quenched Blast-Furnace Slag as aggregate was carried our for a fundamental study of application possibility of Quenched Blast-Furnace Slag as aggregate. It gives the following results. The strength of mortar use Quenched Blast-Furnace Slag is decrease as substitution rate is higher. As W/C rate increase, the strength decrease, but the strength decrease of fine aggregate rate 1:3 is lower than 1:2. The relation with fine aggregate is that the amount of fine aggregate is inversely proportional to strength. Th relation with age is proportional to strength and strength rate of going is lower than general mortar in 28 age the change of strength proportionately with W/C rate is that as W/C rate increases, th strength is drop ; it shows that it has same tendency as general mortar sand or crushed sand, but while W/C rate increase the strength is as high as general mortar. The reason can be assumed that water content per unit needed to Quenched Blast-Furance Slag is more than in case of sand. In addition, the relation with substitution rate is that the strength is the strongest at substitution rate 25% and 50% ; that is , sometimes it is higher than mortar which use sand 100%. In addition, long age strength of mortar which use Quenched Blast-Furnace Slag as aggregate is about to be studied in the last.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.361-366
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• 2017

For two given logical expressions and, when expression contains the same part of the logical expression as expression, substituting for that part of expression is called a substituted logic expression. If a substituted relation is established between the logical expressions, there is an advantage in that the number of literals used in the whole logical expression can be greatly reduced. However, if the substituted relation is not established, there is no simplification effect obtained from the substituted expression. Previous methods proposed a way to find substituted relations between logical expressions for the given logical expressions themselves, and to calculate substituted expressions if only substitution is possible. In this paper, a new method for performing substitution with addition and revision of logic terms is proposed in order to perform substitution, even though there is no substituted relation between two logic expressions. The proposed method is efficiently implemented using a matrix that finds terms to be added. Then, by covering the matrix that has added terms, substituted logic expressions are found. Experiment results show that the proposed method for several benchmark circuits can reduce the number of literals, compared to existing synthesis tools.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.233-259
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• 2012

Recently, the youth employment crisis which is characterized by high unemployment and low employment rate has been considerably serious, while jobless growth has been observed. However, job shortage and unstable labor status of the old are also main issues. To solve this problem, the job creation and deferred retirement for the old has been proceeded. Consequently, it has caused to the intergenerational war on job due to equity of job creation for the youth. However, it is not desirable that the problem would be diagnosed and the policy would be set up although little attention has so far been paid to test empirically this kind of substitution relation. Thus, this research has been analyzed whether the employment relation between the youth and the old is substitution or not. The analysis method is panel data analysis in 15 OECD countries including Korea(1990~2000). Major findings are as follows. First, only half of the youth and the old works. It provides the evidence that the employment crisis is not a problem of special generation but all of them. Second, employment relation between generations followed by panel analysis is not substitution relation. This findings can be interpreted as evidence that it is unlikely to solve the youth employment matter even though the government encourages the early retirement.

• Bioinformatics and Biosystems
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2007

Methods for making scoring matrix based on phylogenetic tree for all possible exchanges of one amino acid with another. PFMT(Phylogenetic focused Mutation Tendency) matrix is different BLOSUM62 and PAM160 which are the most used scoring matrixes. This matrix calculates possibility of substitution from common ancestor to high spices. PFMT matrix scores substitution frequency in COGs databases which contain 152 KOGs's dataset. PFMT matrix usefully is able to compare between query sequence and sequences of more higher species and show detailed substitution relation of 20 amino acids.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.42 no.6 s.277
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• pp.405-410
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• 2005

In the hard oxidizing fire iron red glaze which colorated red exposed magnesioferrite and whitlockite-type crystals. And whitlockite-type crystals has formed before magnesioferrite forming in the step of sintering. This study tries to identify the coloration mechanism of hard oxidizing fire iron red glaze by the experiment of substitution of whitlockite-like crystals and to confirm such substitution be able to farm magnesioferrite. As the results of experiment, magnesioferrite was appeared during substitution of two kinds of whitlockite-type. It can be considered that the magnesioferrite colors the iron glaze to red with covering the glaze surface.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.153-160
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• 1999

Water soluble hydroxyalkyl methycellulose ethers are used in a variety of applications incluing building industry as a supplementary agent used for incresing adhesives, water retention capacity, workability and viscosity modify. Water retention capacity(WRC) is the capability to contain water in the ploymer chain under condition of being mixed with cement. In general, the WRC is affected by the viscosity, the adding amount, the particle size, the rate of dissolving and the amount of substituted chemical in cellulose ethers. In the other words, WRC is increased as higher the viscosity, more adding amount, finer the particle size and longer the dissolving time of cellulose ethers. This thesis investigated each factor that effect the WRC, particularly the relation between degree of substitution(DS), molar of substitution(MS) and WRC. It is observed that WRC is not nearly affected by DS of cellulose ethers, but is changes proportionally as MS increases in the narrow range(0.10~2.25)

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.35-49
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• 2005

When new services are introduced, interaction among existing and new services has to be considered. The interaction can be characterized by the substitution or complementary effect among services. This paper analyzes how the interaction among services affects the customers' subscription decision in telecommunication services industry. Based on a face-to-face in-depth survey from a sample of 1,200 respondents, a new wireless internet access service or WiBro is analyzed to identify the substitution/complementary effect in relation to the existing other telecommunication services. Additionally, the important factors explaining both customers' subscription and substitution decisions are identified. The analysis results indicate that males and students are more likely to subscribe WIBro service. Interestingly, family size positively affects the subscription decision. However, heavy users of on-line game are reluctant to subscribe WiBro service. Among the potential WiBro subscribers, the customers who are less satisfied with the existing fixed line broadband internet access service are more likely to stop subscribing the fixed line service, which implies substitution by a new service. We believe that the consideration of the interactions among services is essential to devise a winning strategy for the new services in the highly uncertain telecommunications business environment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.215-222
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• 1997

Flow experimental on not to be solid mortar which use Quenched Blast-furnace Slag as a fine aggregate was carried out for basic research data about fundamental study of application possibility of Quenched Blast-furnace Slag as a fine aggregate. It gives following result. The substitution rate is inversely proportional to Flow and C/S-rate same that. The relation with W/C-rate augment appear proportional : in case of C/S-rate, 1:3 increasing degree is a half of sand mortar that. Consequencely, Quenched Blast-furnace Slag motar is a counteraction to Flow in as same water content per unit. But suitable substitution rate and C/S-rate influence a little to the mortar consistency. And that reason, if C/S-rate and substitution rate will be regulated when we mix the mortar with quenched Blast-furnace Slag. that will be economic mixture.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.119-138
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• 1989

This study attempts to apply its result to decision whether housewives are in the labor market or not by investigating the level of reservation wage of them and the influencing factors on it. The purpose of this study is to analyse the effects by identifying , on the basis of theoretical models, the factors that influence reservation wage, and to predict future state of female employment. 1) The level of reservation wage of housewives showed significant differences by husband's income, household asset, housewife's education level, housewife's age, number of children division of husband in household labor, and by three marketization of housework. 2) The variables which affected reservation wage of housewife independently had influence on it in the following order: Husband's income, education level, age affect positively reservation wage of housewife, and a negative relation has been found between division of husband, level of commodity substitution and reservation wage of housewife. 3) Husband's income, housewife's education level, housewife's age, division of husband in household labor, level of commodity substitution give direct effects on reservation wage of housewife. Education level, age, number of children and family type influenced reservation wage of housewife through level of commodity substitution indirectly.