• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.25-29
• /
• 1997

Four external and 27 cranial characters of striped field mice (Apodemus agrarius) from 16 regions in China and Korea, representing six subspecies, were analyzed by multivariate methods. Three subgroups were recognized: the large-size form from Cheju island, Korea (subspecies chejuensis), the middle-size form from the Korean peninsula (subspecies coreae), and the small-size form from China (subspecies manchuricus, pallidior, ningpoensis, insulaemus). It was confirmed that four subspecies of striped field mouse from China can be classified into subspecies ningpoensis, as noted by Corbet (1978), and that subspecies coreae and chjuensis are distinct subspecies, as stated by Jones and Johnson (1965). In the future, morphometric analyses with striped field mice from Europe and Russia will be necessary to confirm subspecies classification of A. agrarius agrarius.

• 한국동물학회지
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 1994

Four external and 27 cranial characters of Korean field mice (Apodemus peninsuluek from nine localities in eastern Asia, representing ave subspecies, were analyzed by multivariate statistical methods. Three forms were recognized: a large-size form from Korea (subspecies peninsulael, southern Manchuria (praeto4, and northern Manchuria (majofi a middle-size form from urestern Siberia (tschergal and southuvestern China (sowerbyi); a small-size form from northeastern China (sowerbyi). It is also revealed that variations among the three forms are clinal rind circular. It is confirmed that Apodemus peninsuloe could be classified into two subspecies (peninsulae and sowerbyl) within the distribution range in the continent of Asia, as noted tv Corbel (1978). However, it is found that subspecies peninsulae includes praetor and moior and that subspecies sowerbyi includes tscherga, indicating that subspecies tscherga is not the synonym of subspecies peninsulae, but that of subspecies sowerbyi.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.203-210
• /
• 1996

중국과 한국에 서식하는 흰넓적다리붉은쥐(Apodemus Peninsulae) 3아종의 표본들의 4개 외부형질과 27개 두골형질들을 다변량통계 방법으로 분석하였다. 4개형(form)으로 나뉘 어졌는데, 한국의 월악산과 연천의 아종 peninsulae와 중국의 길림과 흑룡성의 아종 praetor 는 가장 큰 형이며, 중국 내몽고의 아종 praetor와 중국 산서와 산동성의 아종 sowerbyi는 큰형이고, 중국 북경의 아종 sowerbyi는 중간 형이며, 중국 신강성의 아종 sowerbyi는 작은 형이었다. Corbet(1978)는 아시아 대륙내의 흰넓적다리붉은쥐의 분포범위에서는 2아종 (peninsulae and sowerbyi)으로 분류된다고 하였지만, 형태적 형질을 이용한 본 연구에서 아 종 praetor와 peninsulae가 큰 형이었고, 아종 sowerbyi는 3개의 형태로 나뉠 정도로 다양했 으므로, 단지 2아종으로만 분류할 수가 없음이 밝혀졌다. 중국과 러시아의 다른 표본들을 포 함한 계속되는 연구가 본 종의 확실한 분류의 완성을 위해서 필요하다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.280-289
• /
• 2021

Genetic markers currently used for the discrimination of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies have low efficiency for identification at subspecies level. Therefore, our objective in this study was to select novel genetic markers for accurate identification and discrimination of six L. delbrueckii subspecies based on pangenome analysis. We evaluated L. delbrueckii genomes to avoid making incorrect conclusions in the process of selecting genetic markers due to mislabeled genomes. Genome analysis showed that two genomes of L. delbrueckii subspecies deposited at NCBI were misidentified. Based on these results, subspecies-specific genetic markers were selected by comparing the core and pangenomes. Genetic markers were confirmed to be specific for 59,196,562 genome sequences via in silico analysis. They were found in all strains of the same subspecies, but not in other subspecies or bacterial strains. These genetic markers also could be used to accurately identify genomes at the subspecies level for genomes known at the species level. A real-time PCR method for detecting three main subspecies (L. delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii, lactis, and bulgaricus) was developed to cost-effectively identify them using genetic markers. Results showed 100% specificity for each subspecies. These genetic markers could differentiate each subspecies from 44 other lactic acid bacteria. This real-time PCR method was then applied to monitor 26 probiotics and dairy products. It was also used to identify 64 unknown strains isolated from raw milk samples and dairy products. Results confirmed that unknown isolates and subspecies contained in the product could be accurately identified using this real-time PCR method.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.153-164
• /
• 1999

한국, 중국, 러시아에 서식하는 등줄쥐 Apodemus agrarius 6아종 111마리를 이용하여, 미토콘드리아 DNA를 8개의 제한효소로 절단한 단편들을 blot hybridization법으로 분석하였다. 모두 32개의 단편들이 보여졌고, 9개의 haplotype이 밝혀졌으며, 평균 발산값이 0.896에서 1.150%인 4아군이 나타났다. 결론적으로 세 형을 인정할 수가 있었다: [I. 아종 chejuensis (제주도, 한국)], [ll, 아종 pallescens(남서 한국), coreae(중앙 한국), 및 septentrionalis(러시아)], and [lll, 아종 manchuricus(북동 중국)와 pallidior(북부 중국)]. 그러나 아종 coreae의 일부 표본들은 다른 6아종의 표본들과 다소 차이를 보였고, 아종 pallidior의 일부 표본들은 아종 septentrionalis의 모든 표본들과 같아서 동일한 haplotype을 형성하였다. 아종 a. agrarius chejuensis는 독특한 아종중의 하나이고, 아종 corea(pallescens포함)도 독특한 아종중의 하나이며, 아종 manch-uricus와 pallidior는 아종 ningpoensis의 동아종이명이고, 아종 septentrionalis도 아종 agrarius의 동아종이명임이 재확인되었다. 뿐만 아니라, 등줄쥐는 염색체 핵형이 일정하며, 미토콘드리아 DNA 유전형에 약간의 변이를 보이고, 형태형질의 상당한 발산을 보이고 있지만, 이들 분류형질의 변이 정도의 파악과 아종분류의 재검토를 위하여 유라시아산 등줄주의 보다 많은 표본을 이용한 분석이 앞으로 필요하다.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.87-89
• /
• 2006

The mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of the Korean subspecies (Falco tinnunculus interstinctus) of the common kestrel has been analyzed. According to the molecular phylogeny of six subspecies of common kestrel, six subspecies of the common kestrel were divided into two clades: the first clade is composed of the South African subspecies (F. t. rupicolus) and the second clade includes 5 subspecies (F. t. tinnunculus, F. t. rufescens, F. t. interstinctus, F. t. canariensis and F. t. dacotiae) of the common kestrel. Korean subspecies, F. t. interstinctus was closely related to F. t. rufescens and original subspecies F. t. tinnunculus.

• 한국패류학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 1991

Authors describe here five new species and three new subspecies of Korean Iand snail fauna. They are collected from the southern part of Korea including Ullungdo and Chejudo. The generic names of these new species and subspecies were discribed in the [ Il-lustrated Encyclopedia of fauna & flora of Korea V ol.32 Mollusca(I)]. The newly recorded species and subspecies are as follows:Genus Diplommatina Benson, 1849 Subgenus Sinica Mollendorff, 1885 Diplommatina(Sinica) paxillus changensis n. subsp. Diplommatina(Sinica) chejuensis n. sp.Genus Arinia H. & A. Adams, 1856 Arinia chejuensis n. sp.Authors describe here five new species and three new subspecies of Korean Iand snail fauna. They are collected from the southern part of Korea including Ullungdo and Chejudo. The generic names of these new species and subspecies were discribed in the [ Il-lustrated Encyclopedia of fauna & flora of Korea V ol.32 Mollusca(I)]. The newly recorded species and subspecies are as follows:Genus Diplommatina Benson, 1849 Subgenus Sinica Mollendorff, 1885 Diplommatina(Sinica) paxillus changensis n. subsp. Diplommatina(Sinica) chejuensis n. sp.Genus Cavernacmella Habe, 1942 cavernacmella coreana n. sp.Authors describe here five new species and three new subspecies of Korean Iand snail fauna. They are collected from the southern part of Korea including Ullungdo and Chejudo. The generic names of these new species and subspecies were discribed in the [ Il-lustrated Encyclopedia of fauna & flora of Korea V ol.32 Mollusca(I)]. The newly recorded species and subspecies are as follows:Genus Diplommatina Benson, 1849 Subgenus Sinica Mollendorff, 1885 Diplommatina(Sinica) paxillus changensis n. subsp. Diplommatina(Sinica) chejuensis n. sp.Genus Mirus Albers, 1850 Mirus junensis n. sp.Genus Paganizaptyx Kuroda, 1945 Paganizaptyx miyanagai ullungdoensis. subsp.Authors describe here five new species and three new subspecies of Korean Iand snail fauna. They are collected from the southern part of Korea including Ullungdo and Chejudo. The generic names of these new species and subspecies were discribed in the [ Il-lustrated Encyclopedia of fauna & flora of Korea V ol.32 Mollusca(I)]. The newly recorded species and subspecies are as follows:Genus Diplommatina Benson, 1849 Subgenus Sinica Mollendorff, 1885 Diplommatina(Sinica) paxillus changensis n. subsp. Diplommatina(Sinica) chejuensis n. sp.Genus Ratinella Shuttleworth, 1877 Retinella radiatula coreana n. subsp.Genus Sitalina Thiele, 1931 Sitalina chejuensis n. sp.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.341-355
• /
• 1998

유라시아에 서식하는 등줄쥐 (Apodemus agrarius Pallas) 15 아종의 표본들의 31개 형태 형질의 분석을, 이들 아종들의 분류학적 위치를 검토하기 위하여, 수행하였다. 등줄쥐의 5개 주요 아군 (subgroup)이 나타났다:1. 가장 큰 형 , 한국 2개 섬 지역의 표본, 아종 chejuensis: II, 큰 형, 한국 6개 다른 지역의 표본, 아종 agrarius와 pallescens: III. 다른 큰 형, 서부 러시아 Astrachan의 표본, 아종 volgensis: IV, 중간 크기 형, 동부 아시아의 16개 지역 (북한, 중국, 동부 러시아)의 표본, 아종 coreae, manchuricus, pallidior, ningpoensis와 insulaemus): V, 작은형, 서부 아시아와 유럽의 16개 지역 (카자스탄, 러시아, 리튜아니아, 우크라이나) 의 표본, 아종 tianschancus, ognevi, agrarius, septentrianalis, nikolski, caucasicus, and karelicus). 본 형태 형질의 분석의 결과로 내린 결론은 다음과 같다. 아종 chejuensis는 Johnson과 Jones (955)이 밝힌 대로 가장 큰 형이다: 아종 pallescens는, 고 (986)가 제안한 바대로, 아종 coreae의 동종이명이다: 한국의 아종 coreae는 큰 형으로 유라시아에 서식하는 다른 12 아종과 다르다: Corbet (1978)가 제안한 동부 아종인 ningpoensis는 중간 크기의 형을 보이는 중국과 동부 러시아의 표본들 (아종 manchuricus, pallidior, ningpoensis와 insu-laemus)이며, 북한의 표본들도 포함된다: 작은 형인 서부 아시아와 유럽의 표본들 (아종 tianschanicus, ognevi, agrarius, septentrionalis, nikolski, caucasicus, and karelicus)은 Corbet (1978)가 제안한 서부 아종인 agrarius이다: 또 다른 큰 형인 서부 러시아의 아종 volgensis는 서부 아종인 agrarius와 다른 독특한 아종이다. 그러므로, 등줄쥐의 15아종은 5아종 (chejuensis, coreae, ningpoensis, agrarius. and volgensis)으로 재분류할 수가 있다고 판단되지만, 이 종의 완전한 분류를 위해서는 나머지 7개 아종 (albostriatus, maculatus, rubens, kahmanni, henrici, gloved, and harti)의 표본들의 측정과 분석이 필요하다.

• 한국동물학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.35-38
• /
• 1962

Two subspecies are known to Family Hylidae(Order Anura) in Korea : namely , Hylaarborea japonica GUENTHER and H.a.stepheni BOULENGER, and they have been hitherto distinguished as different subspecies from four characteristics : the rate of interorbital to incternasal length, the rate of diameter of tympanum to diameter of 3 rd finger disc, the rate of the length of inner metatarsal tubercle to diameter of 3 rd finger disc, and the rate of inner metatarsal tubercle to the length of lst toe. The author has compared the above to subspecies for the characteristics with 123 individuals collected from ten different localities in Korea and has found that their fluctation curves overlap each other. The author considers, therefore, that the four characteristics could not be assumed as keys for the classification of the two subspecies and has reached the conclusion that these two subspecies should be regarded as one subspecies and Hyla arborea japonica GUENTHER should be given to both of them as the subspecies name.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.175-184
• /
• 2007

Two subspecies, japonica and indica, have been reported in rice, which differ in several ecotypic traits. However, reproductive barriers in hybrid progenies between subspecies have been major obstacles in breeding programs using inter-subspecific hybridization. As the first step to elucidate the reproductive barriers, we developed subspecies-specific(SS) STS markers in this study. A total of 765 STS primers were designed through comparing DNA sequences at every $2{\sim}3$cM interval between japonica and indica rices, which are available at Web DBs such as IRGSP, NCBI, TIGR, and GRAMENE, and tested for subspecies-specificity using 15 indica and 15 japonica varieties of diverse origin. Of them, 67 STS markers were identified as SS STS markers and their subspecies-specificity scores were estimated. The SS markers were dispersed throughout the genome along chromosomes. Of them, 64 SS markers were mapped on an RIL population derived from a Dasanbyeo(indica)/TR22183(japonica) cross. Genomic inclination of RILs was evaluated based on the genotyping with different types of markers. Association test between markers and segregation distortion revealed that segregation distortion might not be the cause of generating SS markers. The SS markers will be applicable to estimate the genomic inclination of varieties or lines and to study the differentiation of indica and japonica, and ultimately to breed true hybrid rice varieties in which desirable characters from both subspecies are recombined.