• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.96-105
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• 2009

This study was conducted to identify the factors associated with weight control and nutritional knowledge of juvenile delinquents. The average heights of the subjects in this study were 172.20 cm (male) and 160.89 cm (female), and the average weights were 66.73 kg (male) and 58.42 kg (female), and the BMIs (Body Mass Index; $kg/m^2$) were 22.46 (male) and 22.54 (female). The results of this study revealed that 41.4% of the subjects were over weight or obese. In addition, there were significant differences in the BMI, satisfaction with body image and perception of body image observed between male and female subjects. Furthermore, female subjects were more experienced at weight control than male students (p<0.001). Additionally, overweight and obese individuals had more experience with weight control than subjects that were not overweight. Moreover, there were significant differences in the reason that subjects took weight control measured between male and female students. Specifically, female subjects practiced weight control due to their appearance (p<0.001). The order of methods by which male subjects attempted to control their weight was exercise>diet control>starvation and for girl student were diet control>starvation>excercise. The nutritional knowledge scores were higher for female subjects than for mele subjects. In addition, the nutritional knowledge scores increased as the BMI value increased and the $father^{\circ}{\emptyset}s$ educational level increased. These results of this study could be useful data to plan and develop nutritional education programs for juvenile delinquents.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.354-361
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• 2023

Purpose: Ketamine has historically been contraindicated in traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to concern for raising intracranial pressure. However, it is increasingly being used in TBI due to the favorable respiratory and hemodynamic properties. To date, no studies have evaluated whether ketamine administered in subjects with TBI is associated with patient survival or disability. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from the multicenter Prehospital Tranexamic Acid Use for Traumatic Brain Injury trial, comparing ketamine-exposed and ketamine-unexposed TBI subjects to determine whether an association exists between ketamine administration and mortality, as well as secondary outcome measures. Results: We analyzed 841 eligible subjects from the original study, of which 131 (15.5%) received ketamine. Ketamine-exposed subjects were younger (37.3±16.9 years vs. 42.0±18.6 years, P=0.037), had a worse initial Glasgow Coma Scale score (7±3 vs. 8±4, P=0.003), and were more likely to be intubated than ketamine-unexposed subjects (88.5% vs. 44.2%, P<0.001). Overall, there was no difference in mortality (12.2% vs. 15.5%, P=0.391) or disability measures between groups. Ketamine-exposed subjects had significantly fewer instances of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) compared to ketamine-unexposed subjects (56.3% vs. 82.3%, P=0.048). In the very rare outcomes of cardiac events and seizure activity, seizure activity was statistically more likely in ketamine-exposed subjects (3.1% vs. 1.0%, P=0.010). In the intracranial hemorrhage subgroup, cardiac events were more likely in ketamine-exposed subjects (2.3% vs. 0.2%, P=0.025). Ketamine exposure was associated with a smaller increase in TBI protein biomarker concentrations. Conclusions: Ketamine administration was not associated with worse survival or disability despite being administered to more severely injured subjects. Ketamine exposure was associated with reduced elevations of ICP, more instances of seizure activity, and lower concentrations of TBI protein biomarkers.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.355-368
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• 1999

This study was a quasi-experimental study to investigate the effect of a telephone follow-up on the self-care and the satisfaction on nursing care in G-I surgical patients. The subjects of the study were 38 patients, 19 in experimental group and 19 in control group, who discharged after gastrointestinal surgery at a university hospital in Taegu between August 11. 1998 and October 16, 1998. The telephone follow-up program for the experiment was developed by the researcher, which contained consultation, support and encouragement for self-care after discharge. Number of the instruments used for measurement of the outcome variables were 5, self-care after discharge, satisfaction(1)${\sim}$(2) on Nursing care. intention to visit the hospital again. intention to recommend the hospital to others. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The first hypothesis, "The subjects of experimental group will show a higher level of self-care than the subjects of control group" was rejected (F=.48. p=.4937). 2. The Second hypothesis. "The subjects of experimental group will show a higher level of satisfaction than the subjects of control group" was accepted partly as follows. 1) The hypothesis 2-1, "The subjects of experimental group will show a higher level of satisfaction(1) than the subjects of control group" was accepted(F=4.04. p=.0496). 2) The hypothesis 2-2. "The subjects of experimental group will show a higher level of satisfaction(2) than the subjects of control group" was accepted(F=8.48. p=.0064). 3) The hypothesis 2-3, "The subjects of experimental group will show a higher level of intention to visit hospital again than the subjects of control group" was rejected(F=1.95. p=.1723). 4) The hypothesis 2-4. "The subjects of experimental group will show a higher level of intention to recommend the hospital to others than the subjects of control group" was rejected(F=1.43. p=.2411) . From the results of this study, the telephone follow-up can be regarded as an effective nursing intervention for the discharged patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.81-98
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• 1998

Isokinetic evaluation of trunk flexors and trunk extensors was performed at $60^{\circ}/sec\;and\;120^{\circ}/sec$ of angular velocity by using cybex 6000TEF Unit on 31 healthy male white workers and 15 post-operative HILD patients with no significant difference in mean age and mean body weight between two groups, and compared each other. The purpose of this study is to obtain the isokinetic normative strength values and endurance latins for Dunk extensors and trunk flexors, and is to provide a guideline for rehabilitation program of post-operative HILD patients. The collected data were analyzed by ANOVA, Duncan's Nyktuoke Range Test, and Pearson correlation coefficiency in PC-SAS program, The results obtained were as follow ; 1. Post-operative subjects has lower isokinetic values than normal subjects in peak torque, peak torque $\%$ by body weight, total work, total work $\%$ by body weight, average power, average power $\%$ by body weight, TAAE of trunk flexors and trunk extensors, and there are significant differences with statistic value in trunk extensors at $60^{\circ}/sec$ and in trunk flexors and trunk extensors at $120^{\circ}/sec$ between two groups(p<0.05). 2. Pest-ooperative subjects has lower values for angle of peak torque than normal subjects in trunk extensors, and there are significant differences with statistic value at $60^{\circ}/sec$ and $120^{\circ}/sec$ between two groups. 3. Post-operative subjects has higher values for endurance ratios than normal subjects in trunk extensors and flexors, but there are no significant differences with statistic value between two groups. 4. Post-operative subjects has higher values than normal subjects in peak torque ratios, total work ratios, average power ratios of trunk flexors to trunk extensors, and there are significant differences with statistic value between two groups(p<0.01). 5. There is significant positive-correlation with statistic valve between peak torque and height and body weight in normal subjects(p<0.05), but Thjere is significant negative-correlation between peak torque of trunk extensor at $120^{\circ}/sec$ and age (p<0.05). 6. There is significant positive-correlation with statistic value between peak torque of trunk flexors and body weight in post-operative subjects (p<0.05), but There is significant negative-correlation between peak torque of trunk extensor add age (p<0.05). In conclusion, post-operative subjects have greater weakness in trunk musculature than normal subjects, especially there is more significant weakness in trunk extensors than in trunk flexors

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.351-360
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• 2011

1. Objective: This study was designed to analyze the characteristics of each Sasang constitutional type using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). 2. Methods: A total of 135 healthy subjects (age 19-30) participated in this study, consisting of 35 Soyang-type, 66 Taeeum-type, 30 Soeum-type, and 4 Taeyang-type subjects. A Sasang Constitutional Medicine specialist determined each subject's Sasang constitutional type based on the Two Step Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Diagnosis (TS-QSCD) and comprehensive constitutional assessment. The subjects were also asked to complete the TCI. 3. Results: Among the four temperament dimensions, the Soyang- and Taeeum-type subjects showed significantly higher scores than the Soeum-type subjects in Novelty Seeking (NS). The Soeum-type subjects showed significantly higher scores than the Taeum- and Soyang-type subjects in Harm Avoidance (HA) (Soeum type > Taeeum type > Soyang type). The Soyang-type subjects showed significantly higher scores than the Soeum-type subjects in Reward Dependence (RD). The Soyang- and Taeeum-type subjects showed significantly higher scores than the Soeum-type subjects in Persistence (P). Among the three character dimensions, the Soyang-type subjects showed significantly higher score than the Taeeumand Soeum-type subjects in Self-Directedness (SD) (Soyang type > Taeeum type > Soeum type). The Soyang-type showed significantly higher scores than the Taeeum-type in Cooperativeness (C). 4. Conclusions: Differences in temperament and character were discovered across the Sasang constitutional types. The Sasang constitutional characteristics should be investigated in larger studies in the future. Similar studies could add to the growing knowledge of Sasang constitutional typology and contribute to a more accurate Sasang constitutional diagnosis.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2010

Purpose : This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and utility of panoramic radiograph for the improvement of the periodic oral examinations. Materials and Methods : Clinical examinations and panoramic examinations were done for the 242 subjects of oral examinations. The results of panoramic radiograph interpretation were compared with the clinical findings. Two questionnaires were created. One was carried out before the panoramic examination and the other done afterwards, to find out the subjects' cognition and satisfaction for the clinical and panoramic examinations. Results : 1. Panoramic findings showed a higher detection rate of 31.9% for periodontal diseases, and 23.1% for dental caries than clinical findings. 2. The additional abnormalities detected through panoramic examinations were impacted tooth in 81 subjects (33.6%), maxillary sinus abnormalities in 28 subjects (11.6%), condylar abnormalities in 5 subjects (2.1%), congenital and acquired dental anormalies in 59 subjects (24.5%), and other miscellaneous abnormalities in 34 subjects (14.1%). 3. 164 subjects (67.8%) were satisfied with the current periodic oral examination, and 75 subjects (31.1%) hoped for better accuracy. 4. In the first and second questionnaire, 154 subjects (67.0%) and 163 subjects (70.6%) responded respectively that panoramic examination was necessary, and 193 subjects (83.2%) responded that it actually helped. Conclusion : The panoramic examination was revealed to improve the effectiveness of the periodic oral examination and to increase the satisfaction of the subjects of examination.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-30
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• 1997

The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. In the field of general subjects, the compulsory courses are composed of 10 courses(14.3%) in 9 subjects and show only one course in one subject in Korea, while those in Japan are composed of 11-12 courses(18.3-20.0%) in 8 subjects and present each level course of primary and deepening in course. 2. In the field of general subjects, the elective courses are composed of 60 courses(85.7%) in 12 subjects in Korea, while those in Japan are composed of 48-49 courses in 8 subjects. 3. In the field of specialized subjects, the compulsory courses for streams have 3 courses(10.7%) in Korea, while those in Japan have 4 courses (16.7%) 4. In the field of specialized subjects, the compulsory courses for departments are composed of 2-4 courses in Korea, while specialized courses for departments are composed of 4 courses in Japan. 5. In the field of general subjects, unit allotment of the compulsory courses requires the completion of 70 units (37.2%) out of total 188 units(excluding extracurricular activites) in Korea, while that in Japan requires the completion of 70-90 units(38.9-50.0%) out of total 180 units (excluding extracurricular activites). 6. In the field of general subjects, unit allotment of the elective courses requires the completion of 12-36 units(6.4-19.2%) out of total 188 units in Korea, while that in Japan requires the completion of30-50 units(16.7-27.8%) out of total 180 units. 7. In the field of specialized subjects, unit allotment of the major courses requires the completion of more thar 82 units in Korea, while that in Japan requires the completion of more than 60 units, so that the units of the complusory courses for stresms of both of the countries tend to show many differences and diversity in both zone and school. Based on these results, the research concluded that the Fisheries High Schools in the two countries make up nearly similar curricula, while in Japan general subjects carry more extensive choice of courses and higher unit allotment is provided for general subjects than in Korea. It was also concluded that the curriculum for vocational education in Japan intends to develop spontaneous, creative, and soft personalities for job. This study suggests that Fisheries High School curriculum in Korea needs to be improved to give students more opportunities for course selection and to help students adapt themselves to various kinds of job groups.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.516-523
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate dietary behaviors and consumption of health food in cancer patients. The subjects were 163 cancer patients recruited from the general hospital in Seoul, Korea. The data were obtained by the structured self administered questionnaire. The mean age of subjects was 51 years. Most of subjects didn't eat the visual fat of meat and chicken skin. The mealtime of the subjects was generally regular and most of subjects had breakfast. The subjects of this survey liked to eat foods with sweet taste but disliked to eat hot, salty and sour taste ones. The preference for fish, marine products and vegetables was high but that for instant foods and frying foods was very low. Most of subjects consumed the foods that is generally known as anticancer foods such as vegetables and fruits. On the other hand, most of subjects didn't intake butter, margarine, and frying foods that is known as risk factors of cancer. The majority of subjects$(84.7\%)$ consumed the health food The main reasons for taking health foods by subjects were to cure disease$(58.0\%)$, to prevent disease$(45.3\%)$, to supply nutrients$(39.3\%)$, to maintain the mental state$(12.7\%)$ and to recover fatigue$(10.7\%)$. Majority of subjects$(66.0\%)$ spent money more than 200,000 won/month to buy health foods. The purchasing channels of health foods by subjects were recommendation by family or friend$(64.0\%)$, by physician/pharmacist$(18.0\%)$ and by nutritionist or dietician(6.0), and advertisement through TV or radio$(12.0\%)$. The types of taking health foods of the subjects were vegetable extracted food$(60.0\%)$, mushrooms$(51.3\%)$, Lactobacillus food$(25.3\%)$, enzyme food$(22.6\%)$ calcium containing food$(20.0\%)$ and so on. The results of the current study show that although many cancer patients already practice healthy dietary behaviors, there is a substantial proportion who do not and most of cancer patients consume health foods.' Further intervention is needed to explore the effect of health foods in cancer patients

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

Objectives: The effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}2\;(PPAR{\gamma}2)$ Pro12Ala (P12A) polymorphism on body mass index (BMI) and type 2 diabetes are well documented; however, until now, only a few studies have evaluated the effects of this polymorphism on body fat distribution. This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of this polymorphism on computed tomography (CT)-measured body fat distribution and other obesity-related parameters in Korean female subjects. Methods & Results: The frequencies of $PPAR{\gamma}2$ genotypes were: PP type, 93.0%; PA type, 6.8%; and AA type, 0.2%. The frequency of the A allele was 0.035. Body weight (P .012), BMI (P .012), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (P .001) were significantly higher in subjects with PA/AA compared with subjects with PP. When body composition was analyzed by bioimpedance analysis, lean body mass and body water content were similar between the 2 groups. However, body fat mass (P .003) and body fat percent (P .025) were significantly higher in subjects with PA/AA compared with subjects with PP. Among overweight subjects with BMI of greater than 25, PA/AA was associated with significantly higher abdominal subcutaneous fat (P .000), abdominal visceral fat (P .031), and subcutaneous upper and lower thigh adipose tissue (P .010 and .013). However, among lean subjects with BMI of less than 25, no significant differences associated with $PPAR{\gamma}2$ genotype were found, suggesting that the fat-accumulating effects of the PA/AA genotype were evident only among overweight subjects, but not among lean subjects. When serum lipid profiles, glucose, and liver function indicators were compared among overweight subjects, no significant difference associated with $PPAR{\gamma}2$ genotype was found. Changes in body weight, BMI, WHR, and body fat mass were measured among overweight subjects who finished a 1-month weight lose program of a hypocaloric diet and exercise; no significant differences associated with $PPAR{\gamma}2$ genotype were found. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the $PPAR{\gamma}2$ PA/AA genotype is associated with increased subcutaneous and visceral fat areas in overweight Korean female subjects, but does not significantly affect serum biochemical parameters and outcomes of weight loss programs.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.281-288
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to develop the curriculum for the Department of Food Service Business in Junior College. The purpose of the curriculum development is to train professionals combined theory and practice for medium or small restaurant managers. We have developed a model curriculum, which was based on Job analyses for related business, analyses of the curricula of departments related with food service, and survey on the questionnaire. The subjects of the model curriculum are as follows. 1) Subjects related with Food and Food Sanitation, 2) Subjects related nth Cuisine, 3) Subjects related with Restaurant Management and Service, 4) Subjects related nth training In practical business, and 5) Subjects related with a foreign language. The effects on opening the Department of Food Service are as follows. 1) To train professionals (or food service business, 2) Activation of the study on Food Service Industry, 3) Establishment of the traditional food culture, 4) Activation of the Tourist Industry, and 5) To improve the Quality of restaurant employees.