• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.242-253
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• 2005

The objective of this research is to identify and examine the punk hair styles which, with their various, rather vague names, help to describe the twentieth century subordinate culture or subculture and also their place today as one of the mainstream male hair trends. The scope of this research will stretch to include also: North-east and around that areas native Americans'hair styles which, are thought to have strong links with the Punk hair tend. The focus of this research will remain with the so-called Mohican or Mohawk hair styles(collectively referred to as Punk styles), which have originated mainly from native American warrions residing in North-east and South-east region of the United States. This study clarified a few questions in doubt concerning the origin of cockcomb hairstyle. Firstly, the cockcomb hairstyle known to represent punk hairstyle was influenced the American Indian's Roach style. Secondly, since Roach style is referred as Mohawk tribe's hairstyle in some refernces, the view of seeing cockcomb hairstyle as a Mohawk style is considered more persuasive. Thirdly, although Roach style was a usual hairstyle through North-east and South-east region of the United States, the people in South-east region did Roach hair style because of the North-east's influences. Lastly alike the Punkers had several kinds of cockcomb hairstyle. American Indians'Roach style also differed in shape concerning of their regions and their kindred. In addition, the reason why the most common term to refer punk hairstyle became Mohican is considered as that the film 'Last Mohican' has influenced on it. That film can appeal their history and play a good role of mediator to let the public know better about themselves, 'Mohican' naturally became the name of the specific hair style.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.544-558
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• 1997

Black street style has made unique fashion in popular music such as Jazz, Soul, Rhythm Il Blues. Reggae, and Rap, and it is counterculture and subculture against white. Furthermore, the black street style has played a starring role in the development of white culture as well as black culture, which emerged in direct opposition to the dominant cultures practised by a fraction of fellow countrymen within the black diaspora. The objectives of this study are to examine the social chronology of the black street style and the contemporary fashion, and the influences of the black street style on white culture. The seeds of black's style were sown in the late forties, developing throughout the fifties with the arrival of black immigrants from the west Indies and its examples were zooties, hip cats 8l hipsters, modernists. Rude boy & two-tone was anti·fashion style in sixties and then rastafarians continued in seventies costume is used to convey an essential symbolic class and ethnic message. The latest black's street fashion is hip-hop dress, which is pluralistic and electric, and funk is also erratic. During its ten-year reign as an international style, it has undergone numerous shifts because it is decline of racism B-boy & flygirls toraggamuffins & bhangra style to acid Jazz. These have played a crucial part in influencing the gigh fashion and avant-grade fashion designers' work. Today's street fashion has characteristics of postmodern culture without a racism in global village. Moreover, pop music stars take an effect on the street style continuously. With the opening of a new century, the study of the street style will overcast popular fashion and suggest the direction of fashion design.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.133-137
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• 2009

Pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells isolated from inner cell mass (ICM) of blastocyst-stage embryos are capable of differentiating into various cell lineages and demonstrate germ-line transmission in experimentally produced chimeras. These cells have a great potential as tools for transgenic animal production, screening of newly-developed drugs, and cell therapy. Miniature pigs, selectively bred pigs for small size, offer several advantages over large breed pigs in biomedical research including human disease model and xenotransplantation. In the present study, factors affecting primary culture of somatic cell nuclear transfer blastocysts from miniature pigs for isolation of ES cells were investigated. Formation of primary colonies occurred only on STO cells in human ES medium. In contrast, no ICM outgrowth was observed on mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) in porcine ES medium. Plating intact blastocysts and isolated ICM resulted in comparable attachment on feeder layer and primary colony formation. After subculture of ES-like colonies, two putative ES cell lines were isolated. Colonies of putative ES cells morphologically resembled murine ES cells. These cells were maintained in culture up to three passages, but lost by spontaneous differentiation. The present study demonstrates factors involved in the early stage of nuclear transfer ES cell isolation in miniature pigs. However, long-term maintenance and characterization of nuclear transfer ES cells in miniature pigs are remained to be done in further studies.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.125-129
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• 1998

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants were regenerated through organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in cotyledon and hypocotyl cultures. The shoots were efficiently formed on the basal region of cotyledons cultured on MS medium containing 1.0㎎/L zeatin and 0.1㎎/L IAA in all cultivars used. Embryogenic calli were formed on hypocotyl segments cultured on MS medium containing 1.0㎎/L 2,4-D in cv. group 'Nakhab' and maintained by consecutive subculture on the same medium every 2-3 weeks without loss of embryogenic ability. Upon transfer to MS basal medium, high frequency somatic embryogenesis was achieved easily from embryogenic callus. Regenerated plantlets through organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis were transplanted to pots and gradually acclimatized to greenhouse condition where they subsequently produced fruits.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.267-271
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• 1998

Cotyledon explants of lettuce were cocultured with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404::pBKS-GR1 harboring glutathione reductase(GR) gene in MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA and 1.0 mg/L 2ip for 48 hr. These explants were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA and 1.0 mg/L 2ip, 50 mg/L kanamycin, and 500 mg/L carbenicillin. After 4 weeks of subculture, kanamycin-resistant shoots were obtained on selection medium. Leaves of putative transformants survived on selection medium containing 100 mg/L kanamycin. Incoporation of the GR gene into lettuce was confirmed by PCR analysis of genomic DNA. Southern blot analysis showed that ECL-labeled GR gene was hybridized to the expected amplified genomic DNA fragment of about 1.8 kb from transgenic lettuce. The presence of mRNA in transgenic lettuce was confirmed by RT-PCR with total RNA of transgenic lettuce. In progeny test of transformants, R$_1$ seeds were resistant to kanamycin (200mg/L) on MS medium.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.171-175
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• 1998

Chinese foxglove (Rehmannia glutinosa) is receiving much attention as one of the principal medicinal crops and the crude drug damand expands rapidly.This study was conducted to obtain the basic breeding information of Chinese foxglove. Effects of supplemental plant growth regulators were investigated on leaf tissue for proliferation. 100% callus formation, 31% plantlet regeneration and 6% root differentiation were obtained by adding 0.5 mg/L NAA and 2.0 mg/L BA. 2,4-D and Zeatin treatment also resulted in 95% increase in callus formation, but shoot was not formed. During the subculture, callus propagation rate recorded 15.4% with 0.2 mg/L NAA and 1.0 mg/L BA and plant regeneration improved on MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L kinetin. The number of shoot formed ranged from 1.7 on WPM medium to 3.4 on MS medium with 0.1 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L BA. Supplementation of 1.0 g/L activated charcoal improved the In vitro plant growth.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.243-250
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• 2009

In the present study, a simple one medium formulation protocol for callus culture, somatic embryogenesis and in vitro production of ${\beta}-carboline$ alkaloids and diosgenin in Tribulus terrestris L. was developed. Extensive callus induction and proliferation was obtained in leaf explant on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with $5.0{\mu}M$ 6 benzyl adenine (BA) and $2.5{\mu}M$ ${\alpha}-naphthaleneacetic$ acid (NAA). The embryogenic callus was maintained on subculture to fresh parental medium at 4-week intervals over a period of 28 months. The frequency of embryo formation was at a maximum ($18.1{\pm}0.9$ per g of callus) on MS medium containing $5.0{\mu}M$ BA and $2.5{\mu}M$ NAA together with $75mg\;1^{-1}$ casein hydrolysate. Globular embryo developed into torpedo stage embryo under the influence of starvation. The accumulation of ${\beta}-carboline$ alkaloids (harmaline and harmine) and steroidal saponin (diosgenin) in non-embryogenic and embryogenic callus culture derived from leaf explant was compared with root, leaf, stem, and fruit of the mother plant. The embryogenic callus accumulated equivalent amounts of harmaline ($66.4{\pm}0.5{\mu}g/g$ dry weight), harmine ($82.7{\pm}0.6{\mu}g/g$ dry weight), and diosgenin ($170.7{\pm}1.0{\mu}g/g$ dry weight) to that of the fruit of T. terrestris. The embryogenic callus culture of this species might offer a potential source for production of important pharmaceuticals.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2009

A plantlet regeneration protocol was developed on pot-grown mature plants of Elaeocarpus robustus Roxb. cv. Dwarf from nodal and leaf explants. The best yield of adventitious shoots was achieved from the leaf-derived calli in a modified MS ($MMS_1$, half strength of major salts, full strength of minor salts, and vitamins) medium containing $4.0{\mu}M$ BA + $4.0{\mu}M$ Kn + $0.5{\mu}M$ NAA + 15% coconut water (CW). The shoot multiplication rate was amplified about twofold per culture after the addition of 15% CW to the medium. The rate of shoot multiplication reached maximum at the 5th subculture, and it maintained this rate throughout the 3 subsequent subcultures. The best rooting in vitro was investigated by subculturing the microcuttings in an $MMS_2$ (half strength of both major salts and minor salts and full strength of vitamins) medium containing $1.0{\mu}M$ IBA in the dark for one initial week at $30^{\circ}C$, followed by subculturing them in a plant-growth regulator (PGR)-free medium in the light. The plantlets raised in vitro were successfully established under ex vitro conditions.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 2011

The present study was conducted to determine the optimum in vitro conditions for callus induction and plant regeneration from mature seed derived callus of four cultivars of Timothy. In order to investigate the effects of genetic variations of timothy in tissue culture, calli were induced from mature seeds of four varieties, 'Colt', 'Chair', 'Richmond' and 'Hokuo' and plant regeneration frequency was compared. Significant differences were observed among the cultivars in both callus induction and plant regeneration. Genotype 'Colt' consistently performed best in the callus subculture and plant regeneration. The complete plantlets were thereafter transplanted to grow under greenhouse condition. Regenerated timothy plants were morphologically uniform with normal leaf and growth pattern.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.1195-1208
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• 2021

This study aims to find the fundamental problem of skepticism as a PE teacher. For above, a PE teacher, Jun-ho Lee is selected as a participant of this study and used the life history method. Based on the result of above, the contents of 1) 'Stereotype and subculture', 2) 'Changing in discipline.', 3) 'Confusion and self-accusation', 4) 'Ordinary teacher, not a true teacher' is drawn. This result shows that the skepticism concerned the teacher can be explained as 'irony of change' and it is confirmed that this is originated by the fundamental background as 'simultaneity of non-simultaneous'. In conclusion, the emotional exhaustion due to the inconsistency of 'simultaneity of non-simultaneous' existing in the school is inevitable consequence, and on the other hand, it shows that he is an ordinary PE teacher and it helps to understand the life and worry of ordinary PE teachers in Korean society.