• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.353-357
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• 2019

A two-year-old spayed female Persian cat demonstrated weight loss, anorexia, and vomiting for one week. Hematologic findings suggested chronic renal failure. Radiography and ultrasonography revealed severe bilateral renomegaly with hypoechoic nodules and subcapsular hypoechoic rim. Fine needle aspiration of the kidney revealed malignant lymphoma. The cat received in-hospital treatment for chronic renal failure for seven days, followed by chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone). The cat tolerated chemotherapy well and chronic kidney disease was alleviated. However, complete remission was not achieved. After 93 days of treatment, the cat exhibited anisocoria and mental dullness. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed hypertrophy and enhancement of cranial nerves. Chemotherapy was replaced with lomustine (10 mg orally), and two weeks later, cytosine arabinoside (50 mg/㎡ subcutaneously), twice daily for consecutive days. Five days after substitution chemotherapy, the patient showed anemia due to severe intestinal bleeding and died. Post-mortem examination and histopathologic analysis confirmed renal T-cell lymphoma with metastasis to the central nervous system, colon, and nasal cavity. Survival time was 117 days after the diagnosis of renal lymphoma.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.204-209
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• 2001

Objective: To determine the feasibility of transcaval transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in patients with occluded previous TIPS. Materials and Methods: Between February 1996 and December 2000 we performed five transcaval TIPS procedures in four patients with recurrent gastric cardiac variceal bleeding. All four had occluded TIPS, which was between the hepatic and portal vein. The interval between initial TIPS placement and revisional procedures with transcaval TIPS varied between three and 31 months; one patient underwent transcaval TIPS twice, with a 31-month interval. After revision of the occluded shunt failed, direct cavoportal puncture at the retrohepatic segment of the IVC was attempted. Results: Transcaval TIPS placement was technically successful in all cases. In three, tractography revealed slight leakage of contrast materials into hepatic subcapsular or subdiaphragmatic pericaval space. There was no evidence of propagation of extravasated contrast materials through the retroperitoneal space or spillage into the peritoneal space. After the tract was dilated by a bare stent, no patient experienced trans-stent bleeding and no serious procedure-related complications occurred. After successful shunt creation, variceal bleeding ceased in all patients. Conclusion: Transcaval TIPS placement is an effective and safe alternative treatment in patients with occluded previous TIPS and no hepatic veins suitable for new TIPS.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제81권1호
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• pp.197-202
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• 2020

간에 발생하는 자궁외 선근종은 매우 드문 종양이다. 이제껏 몇 가지의 사례만이 문헌에 보고되었고, 이것들은 조직병리학 소견에 초점을 둔 보고들이었다. 우리는 처음에 간선종으로 오인되었던, 상복부 통증을 주소로 내원한 43세 여성에서의 간에 발생한 자궁외 선근종의 특징적인 영상 소견을 보고하고자 한다. 이것은 전산화단층촬영과 자기공명영상에서 국소적 출혈을 동반한 고형 및 낭성 종괴로 보이며 간우엽 피막하에 위치하였고, 지속적인 약한 조영 증강을 보였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.647-652
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• 2007

In the present study, we address systemically a case of renal disease developed in a 1 year-old male cocker spaniel dog in terms of clinical signs, clinical pathology and pathological examinations. The animal has been suffered from renal dysfunction signs such as polyuria, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea and weight loss. The dog was very weak and emaciated and had foamy contents with foul-smell in oral cavity. The animals showed notable decrease in the number of red blood cells and severe decreases of hemoglobin and hematocrit with or without changes of mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration values, indicating microcytic or normocytic hypochromatic anemia. In serum chemistry, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, phosphorous, Na and Cl, which are associated with renal function, were dramatically increased. In addition, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, lipase and amylase were also significantly elevated, while K concentration was notably decreased. Urinalysis indicated prominent proteinuria with increase of bilirubin. Despite of symptomatic treatments, the dog was getting worse in healthy condition and dead in the end. At necropsy, both kidneys were brownish, pale, slightly small, and have diffuse, firm and subcapsular pits. Histologically, the kidneys indicated prominent segmental or diffuse interstitial fibrosis in cortex and medulla as well as glomerulonephritis. The clinical signs, clinical pathology and histopathological abnormalities of the young dog presented were consistent with chronic glomerulonephropathy, which was suspected to be a case of familial renal disease in the juvenile cocker spaniel dog.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2001

It has been known that the hemolymph node is one of the lymphoid organs found normally in ruminants and some rodents, and this organ shares morphological and functional characteristics of lymph node and spleen. To clanify the rigorous definition of morphological structures and functions of the hemolymph node in Wistar Kyoto(WKY)rats, we examined these organs of WKY rats gross anatomically and light microscopically. The hemolymph nodes were normally found in the abdominal cavity and in the neck of WKY rats. This organ was surrounded by a thin connective tissue capsule and there was a hilus. The parenchyma comprised a cortex of lymphatic nodules and diffuse lymphatic tissues, and a medulla of diffuse lymphatic tissues arranged in cords. Afferent and efferent lymph vessels were observed but there was no extensive subcapsular and medullary sinuses. These sinuses were filled with erythrocytes. The stroma of hemolymph nodes was composed of reticular cells and fibers, and many lymphocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and megakaryocytes were supported by the reticular network. The above findings suggest that the hemolymph nodes of WKY rats may take part in blood formation, blood filtration and immune reaction.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.349-367
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• 1996

The development of small granule-containing cell in the superior cervical ganglion was studied by electron microscopic method in human fetuses ranging from 40 mm to 260 mm crown rump length (10 to 30 weeks of gestational age). At 40 mm fetus, the superior cervical ganglion was composed of clusters of undifferentiated cells, primitive neuroblasts, and unmyelinated nerve fibers together with blood vessels. At 90 mm fetus, the superior cervical ganglion consisted of neuroblasts, satellite cell, small granule-containing cells, and unmyelinated nerve fibers. Two morphological types of the small granule-containing cells in the superior cervical ganglion were first indentified at 90 mm fetus, but were rare. Type I granule-containing cell occurred in solitary and had long processes, whereas type II cells tend to appeared in clusters near the blood capillaries. The granule-containing cells were characterized by the presence of dense-cored vesicles ranging from $150{\sim}300nm$ in diameter in both the cell bodies and processes. Other organelles included abundant mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, neurotubules, and widely distributed ribosomes. The granule-containing cells had long processes similar to those found in principal ganglionic cells. They could be identified by their content in dense-cored vesicles. The small granule-containing cells increased somewhat in size and number with increase of fetal age. Synaptic contacts were first found on the solitary granule-containing cell at 150 mm fetus. Synaptic contacts between the soma and processes of type I granule-containing cells and preganglionic axon terminals were observed. In addition, synaptic junctions between the processes of granule-containing cells and presumed dendrite of postganglionic neuron were also observed from 150 mm onward. On the basis of these features type I granule-containing cells could be considered as interneurons. The clusters of type II granule-containing cells were located in the interstitial or subcapsular portions of the ganglion, and had short processes which ended in close relation to fenestrated capillaries. Therefore it may be infer that clusters of type II granule-containing cells have an endocrine function.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.102-105
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• 2008

The most common abnormality of the umbilicus in the foal is the patent urachus. Patent urachus may be a congenital or acquired condition in foals in which the urachus fails to close spontaneously at or shortly after parturition. A 17-day-old male Thoroughbred foal was requested to the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of Cheju National University. The foal showed clinical signs such as umbilical urination, anorexia, depression, lethargy, and abdominal pain for 10 days. Because of the umbilical urination, the surgery for patent urachus was performed, but he died next day. Grossly, many pale yellowish foci 10-20 mm in diameter were scattered on the throughout surface of lungs. Severe subcapsular hemorrhage was observed in left kidney. Large milky yellow mass 10X6-7 cm in size was found in the adjacent area of right kidney. Histopathologically, many abscesses with bacterial cocci were scattered in the blood vessels or adjacent pulmonary parenchyma of lungs. Severe numerous abscesses with intralesional bacterial cocci were mostly occupied in the abdominal mass from right kidney. Gram staining for tissue sections demonstrated numerous Gram positive cocci in pulmonary and abdominal abscesses. In bacterial culture, catalase-positive beta-hemolytic colonies were isolated and confirmed as Staphylococcus (S.) aureus by Vitek system. Based on the results, acquired patent urachus and then multiple abscesses may be originated from the umbilical cord infected with S. aureus in this foal.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.865-877
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• 1999

Hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes are lymphoid organs which share morphologic and functional characteristics of lymph nodes and spleens. Hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes are normally present in Korean native goats. Hemal nodes bad extensive subcapsular and deep sinuses distended by a great number of erythrocytes, and no typical cortex and medulla were observed. Blood vessels commonly occurred, but lymph vessel was not observed in the hemal node. Hemolymph nodes had distinct cortex and medulla, and also had afferent and efferent lymph vessels. The aim of the present study was to obtain new information on the distinct morphological structures of hemal nodes and hemolymph nodes according to ages, and have the basic data for their functions. Goats are divided into 5 groups, consisting of 3 animals aged 1, 3, 6, 10, and 12 months. The morphological studies of the organs were carried out by gross anatomy, light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. During aging, there was an increase in the size of the organs, while there were no significant changes of their numbers, locations and colors. As the goat got older, the lymphatic nodules of hemal nodes were more developed, and the number of macrophage containing phagocytosed erythrocytes was more increased. As the goat was younger, the lymphatic tissues of hemolymph nodes were less developed. There was no difference in distribution of T- and B- lymphocytes according to ages.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.671-675
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• 2000

It has been known that the hemolymph node is one of the lymphoid organs found normally in ruminants and some rodents, and this organ shares morphological and functional characteristics of lymph node and spleen. To clarify the rigorous definition of morphological structures and functions of the hemolymph node in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats, we examined these organs of SD rats gross anatomically and light microscopically. The hemolymph nodes were normally found in the abdominal cavity and in the neck of SD rats. This organ was surrounded by a thin connective tissue capsule and there was a hilus. The parenchyma comprised a cortex of lymphatic nodules and diffuse lymphatic tissues, and a medulla of diffuse lymphatic tissues arranged in cords. Afferent and efferent lymph vessels were observed but there was no extensive subcapsular and medullary sinuses. These sinuses were filled with erythrocytes. The stroma of hemolymph nodes was composed of reticular cells and fibers, and many lymphocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and megakaryocytes were supported by the reticular network. The above findings suggest that the hemolymph nodes of SD rats may take part in blood formation, blood filtration and immune reaction.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.31-46
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• 1997

Ultrastructure of mouse thymus was evaluated, following the administration of potassium dichromate and mercuric chloride, the heavy metals of evironmental pollutants. Potassium dichromate (20 mg/kg) or mercuric chloride solutions (10 mg/kg) were subcutanously injected to the mice. Six hours, three days and two weeks after the injections, animals were sacrificed. Thymic tissues were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde solutions. The procedure was followed by the fixation in 1% osmium tetroxide solutions. Washed and dehydrated tissue-blocks were embedded in the araldite mixture. Ultra-thin sections were stained with uranyl acetate-lead citrate solutions. Results observed were as follows: 1. In electron microscopy, cortical population of thymocytes in the thymus of experimental groups were reduced. especially in the outer cortex. Subcapsular cortices of potassium dichromate treated mice were filled with many epithelial reticular cells, whereas the similar area of mercuric chloride-treated mice exhibited large intercellular spaces. 2. In the thymus of mercuric chloride treated group, large intercellular spaces were formed by shrinkage of epithelial reticular cells, and the space was invaded by numerous cytoplasmic projections of macrophages. Thymocytes nuded out from the shrunken cytoplasm of epithelial reticular cells, presented numerous microvilli. 3. In the thymus of potassium dicromate treated group, many activated macrophages and plasma cells migrated into thymic cortices. 4. In the perivascular spaces of thymic cortices of potassium dichromate- and mercuric chloride-treated mice, activated macrophages. plasma cells, collagen fibrils, and flocculent substance of exudated materials were exhibited. From the above findifgs, it was concluded that potassium dichromate or mercuric chloride could disturb the normal differentiation or 'education' of T cells in the thymic cortex. In turn, these heavy metals may hurt the immunological defense mechanism.