• 한국해양학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.340-349
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• 1991

1987년 8월 24일부터 9월 28일까지 경기만에 발달한 조류 기원 사퇴위에서 측정한 조류 자료를 분석하여 해저면 상부 1.0 m 에서의 조류 속도(U /SUP 100/) 및 경계면에 서의 전단 속도(U /SUP */)를 구하였다. 전 조사기간 동안 평균 조류 속도는 중충(해 저면 상부 9.0 m)에서 창조시 56.3 cm/sec, 낙조시 63.7 cm/sec 의 지수는 0.15로 추 정된다. 해저 경계층에서의 유속 구조가 대수적 속도 구조 (logarithmix velocity profile) 가정을 이용하여 구한 U /SUP 100/, U /SUP */의 평균값은 각각 41.4 cm/sec로 계산되었다. 본 연구에서 계산된 평균 U /SUP */ 값은 (2.39 cm/sec)동일 지 역에서 최(1990)가 보고한 경계면에서의 임계전단 속도 U /SUP *c/ 보다 상당히 크며, 따라서 본 연구지역의 모래는 대부분의 조석 기간중 쉽게 침식 운반되는 것으로 보여 진다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.1018-1020
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• 2003

The costal area where takes up over 32% in domestic teritory is considered as very importantly because it has not only economic facilities such as harbor and an industrial complex but also recreation facilities. Moreover, the tidal flat area has been used as culture ponds and salt farms because this area is occupied by various oceanic species. Also, the tidal flat area has played an important role to purify ocean pollution and maintain an ecosystem. However, the costal ecosystem has seriously threatened by domestic reclamation projects and a large-scale tide embankment during recent 10 years in Korea. This serious problem results in loosing 34%(810$km^2$) of the entire domestic costal area. In this paper, the micro-landform in the tidal flat area, which is called as Garolim bay in Korea, is classified by using Landsat TM images also verified through a filed report. Through the result of this, the tidal flat area is expected to manage efficiently especially through analyzing sediment environment and characteristic of grain size by using satellite images.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.115-131
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• 2020

The effective range of surface current data observed by high-frequency radar (HFR) operated in the northern coastal area of Jeju Island by Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology was estimated and the distribution and variability of the M₂ tidal current of the Jeju Strait was analyzed. To evaluate the HFR data, the M₂ tidal current corrected from 25 hours current data observed by the Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency (KHOA) was compared with the M₂ tidal current in the Jeju Strait analyzed from the surface currents of HFR. The reliability of HFR data was confirmed by analyzing the characteristics of the tide components of these two data sets, and the effective range of HFR data was estimated through temporal and spatial analysis. The observation periods of HFR used in the analysis were from 2012 to 2014, and it was confirmed that there is a difference in the effective range of HFR data according to the observation time. During the analysis periods, the difference between the M₂ current ellipses from the data of KHOA and the HFR was greater in the eastern than in the western part of the Jeju Strait, and represented a high reliability in the western and central parts of the Jeju Strait. The tidal current of the Jeju Strait analyzed using the HFR data revealed a seasonal variability a relatively weak in summer and a strong in winter, about a 17% fluctuations between the summer and winter based on the length of the semi-major axis of tidal ellipse. Appraisals and results of regarding the characteristics and seasonal variability of the M₂ tidal current in the Jeju Strait using HFR data have not been previously reported, so the results of this study are considered meaningful.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.495-508
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• 2019

조석현상이 뚜렷한 연안에서 항해, 연안 구조물 설계, 해양영토 획정, 침수범람 예보 등을 위하여 여러 조위 기준면들(tidal datums)이 사용된다. 우리나라 수로학 분야와 해안공학 분야에서는 수심을 측량하는 기본 수준면(datum level)으로 약최저저조위(ALLW)를 사용하고, 해안선과 안전수직높이(vertical clearances) 기준면으로는 약최고고조위(AHHW)를 사용하고 있다. 그러나 최근에 미국, 호주, 영국을 포함하여 국제적으로는 최저 천문조위(LAT)와 최고 천문조위(HAT)를 기본 수준면과 안전수직높이의 기준면으로 사용하고 있다. 이 연구에서는 서해안과 남해안 9개 조위 관측소에서 19년(1999-2017년) 동안 1시간 간격으로 관측한 해수면 높이 자료를 '19년 벡터평균 분석', '19년 연속 분석', '1년 연속 분석' 방법으로 각각 1분 간격으로 19년간 예측한 조위로부터 LAT와 HAT를 계산하였다. 이 연구에서는 19년 연속 관측자료의 조석 조화분해와 19년 연속 조석 예측에 모두 적합한 UTide 프로그램을 사용하였다. 각 조위 관측소에서 '19년 벡터평균 분석'과 '19년 연속 분석' 방법으로 각각 계산한 LAT 또는 HAT 값들의 차이는 대부분 ±1 cm 미만으로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 이 두 방법은 서로 거의 일치하는 결과를 생산하였다. 반면에 각 조위 관측소에서 19년간 연속 관측한 자료를 연별로 19개로 나누어 각각 1년 자료씩 조석 조화분해한 후 각각 19년간 조위를 예측한 '1년 연속 분석' 방법은 서로 크게 다른 19개의 LAT와 HAT 값들을 산출하였으며, 그 19개들의 표준편차는 3~7 cm이었다. '1년 연속 분석' 방법으로 구한 이들 값들은 '19년 연속 분석' 방법으로 산출 값과 비교하면 서해안과 남해안에서 LAT는 -16.4~10.7 cm의 차이를 보였으며, HAT는 -8.2~14.3 cm의 차이를 보였다. 계산된 LAT와 HAT를 ALLW와 AHHW와 정량적으로 비교했을 때, 서해안과 남해안에서 LAT는 ALLW보다 평균적으로 46.2 cm 더 낮았으며, HAT는 AHHW보다 평균적으로 33.6 cm 더 높았다. 이러한 차이에 가장 크게 기여하는 분조는 ALLW와 AHHW 계산에 고려되지 않은 진폭이 비교적 큰 S_a와 N₂ 분조이었다. 또한 천해분조가 강하게 발달한 내만에서는 M₄와 MS₄ 분조가 추가적으로 그 차이에 상당히 기여하였다. LAT와 ALLW 간 차이와 HAT와 AHHW 간 차이가 같지 않은 이유는 ALLW와 AHHW를 계산할 때는 주요 4대 분조의 진폭만을 사용하지만 LAT와 HAT를 계산할 때는 실질적으로 67개 분조의 진폭뿐만 아니라 지각도 사용하기 때문이다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2007
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• pp.22-24
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• 2007

Waterline extraction is the one of widely used methods for studying changes in tidal flat environment and coastlines using multi-temporal optical images such as Landsat TM and Landsat ETM+. High dynamics of tidal currents and land reclamation which accelerate sedimentation and/or erosion cause waterline change in tidal flats. The amount of sediment deposited or eroded can be evaluated by precisely estimating waterline changes in tidal flats. The objective of this study is to detect the change of waterlines during 17 years and analyze the trends of erosion and sedimentation in the study areas. The Ganghwado tidal flat on the west coast of the Korean Peninsula was selected. The study area is famous for high dynamics of tidal currents and vast tidal flats. Land reclamation which has been carried out on a large scale is also considered as one of elements that have accelerated the environmental changes in this tidal flat. In this study, we acquired 26 waterlines from Landsat TM and Landsat ETM+ images. We extracted the waterline from each satellite image to generate a digital elevation map (DEM) which was used for reference and to compare with the other waterline which was extracted from DEM having a same tide. The result of comparison well depicted the areas of dominant sedimentation and erosion, and general trends of sedimentation and erosion according to sub-regions are also revealed during the investigation time. Results showed that erosion during a decade was dominant at the west of the Southern Ganghwado tidal flat, while sedimentation was dominant at the wide channel between the Southern Ganghwado tidal flat and the Yeongjongdo tidal flat. This area has been commonly affected by high currents and sedimentation energy. Although we were not able to verify the accuracy of the waterline changes, this result clearly showed the waterline change and therefore, the waterline extraction method used in this study has proven as an effective tool for long term tidal change estimation.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.123-135
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• 2010

Around Tongyeong coasts which located in southern coast of Korea composed to the complex coastal line and scattered by small islands. It also has been distributed to a complicated bathymetric structure by several types of channels. This study carried to analyze the spatial characteristics of macrobenthic community and benthic environmental variance on sub-tidal area based on multivariate statistics tools. Sediment composition varied from muddy sand to mud, and along the channels, it composed to a heterogeneous bottoms mixed by shell fragment, cobbles and mud. Organic contents on the surface sediment varied 1.1-3.9%. Total of 272 species, $33,349\;ind./m^2$ of macrobenthos identified in all of sample area. Polychaetes also prevailed among the specimen. L. longifolia, P. pinnata dominated based on density. Considering on the biomass, echinoderm S. lacunosa, A. tricoides listed. Closer to the coastal area, the density and diversity were higher. Community structure based on cluster analysis was discriminated into three groups. Each group was also characterized by geographical state such as depth, sediment composition. In addition, when applied to the bathymetric data, the channel, which composed to the mixed sediment, made a role of limited factor which characterized to benthic community. Because the specimen around the channel have been affected on the diverse sediment mixture. Most of benthic studies in the southern coast of Korea focused to the condition of benthic organic pollution spatially, because along the coast, it also developed a aquaculture ground and industrial complex. But, as results, most of the area, it turn out the less polluted areas nevertheless similar environment situation. It supposed that benthic community affect to the bottom sediment composition by physical characteristics.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2004년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2004
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• pp.318-321
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• 2004

The damage scale and damage area in the coast have been increased dramatically because of calamities such as typhoon. tidal wave. flood and storm. Especially. 409 cases. which reach to about $40.9\%$ of natural disasters of 1,000 cases for the recent 15 years have happened on coast area. More than $40\%$ of natural disasters also occurred every year is happening in coastland. Therefore, there is a great need to construct all related GIS database such as atmospheric phenomena (typhoon. tidal wave, flood and storm). harbor facility, harbor traffic and ebb and flow. Furthermore. the certain system should be developed and integrated with NDMS (National Disaster Management System) by using 3D web GIS technology. In this study. the coast disaster area management system was designed and developed by using 3D web GIS technique so that the coast disaster area could be monitored and managed in real time and in visual. Finally. the future disaster in coast area could be predicted scientifically.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.225-241
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• 2007

A closed flux chamber system was used for measuring major greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from tideland and/or wetland soils in estuarine area at Saemankum, Kunsan in southwestern Korea during from months of February to June 2006. Hourly averaged GHG soil emissions were measured two to three times a day during the ebb tide hours only. Site soils were analyzed for soil parameters (temperature, pH, total organic contents, N and C contents in soil) in the laboratory. Soil GHG fluxes were calculated based on the GHG concentration rate of change measured inside a closed chamber The analysis of GHG was conducted by using a Gas Chromatography (equipped with ECD/FID) at laboratory. Changes of daily, monthly GHGs' fluxes were examined. The relationships between the GHG emissions and soil chemical contents were also scrutinized with respect to gas production and consumption mechanism in the soil. Soil pH was pH $7.47{\pm}0.49$ in average over the experimental period. Organic matter contents in sample soil was $6.64{\pm}4.98\;g/kg$, and it shows relatively lower contents than those in agricultural soils in Kunsan area. Resulting from the soil chemistry data, soil nitrogen contents seem to affect GHG emission from the tidal land surface. The tidal soil was found to be either source or sink for the major GHG during the experimental periods. The annual average of $CH_{4}\;and\;CO_{2}$ fluxes were $0.13{\pm}0.86\;mg\;m^{-2}h^{-1}\;and\;5.83{\pm}138.73\;mg\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$, respectively, which will be as a source of these gases. However, $N_{2}O$ emission showed in negative flux, and the value was $-0.02{\pm}0.66\;mg\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$, and it implies tidal land surface act as a sink of $N_{2}O$. Over the experimental period, the absolute values of gas fluxes increased with soil temperature in general. Averages of the ambient gas concentration were $86.8{\pm}6.\;ppm$ in $CO_{2},\;1.63{\pm}0.34\;ppm\;in\;CH_{4},\;and\;0.59{\pm}0.15\;ppm\;in\;N_{2}O$, respectively. Generally, under the presence of gas emission from agricultural soils, decrease of gas emission will be observed as increase in ambient gas concentration. We, however, could not found significant correlation between the ambient concentrations and their emissions over the experimental period. There was no GHG compensation points existed in tide flat soil.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.257-262
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• 2002

Numerical model introduced in this study combines wave refraction-diffraction, breaking, bottom friction, lateral mixing, and critical shear stress and three sub-models for simulating waves, currents, and bottom change were briefly discussed. Simulations of beach processes and harbor sedimentation were also described at the coast neighboring Bangpo Harbor, Anmyundo, Chungnam, where the area has suffered from accumulation of drifting sand in a small fishing harbor with a wide tidal range. We also made model test for the case of a narrow tidal range at Nakdong river's estuary area to understand the effect of water level variation on the littoral drift. Simulations are conducted in terms of incident wave direction and tidal level. Characteristics of wave transformation, nearshore current, sediment transport, and bottom change are shown and analyzed. We found from the simulation that the tidal level impact to the sediment transport is very important and we should apply the numerical model with different water level to analyze sediment transport mechanism correctly. Although the model study gave reasonable description of beach processes and harbor sedimentation mechanism, it is necessary to collect lots of field observation data, including waves, tides and bottom materials, etc. for better prediction.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.257-266
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 함평만에 속하는 무안 지역의 갯벌에서 갈대가 서식하는 식생 지역과 갈대가 없는 비식생 지역을 6개 지점씩 선정하여 저조시에 계절별로 이산화탄소 농도와 플럭스 및 지온의 변화를 관측하였다. 관측은 2012년 5월 30일(봄)과 8월 8일(여름), 2013년 1월 31일(겨울)에 각각 수행되었다. 관측 결과, 식생 지역의 이산화탄소 평균농도는 전체적으로 겨울에 가장 높았고 봄, 여름 순으로 나타났으며, 비식생 지역도 식생 지역과 같은 농도변화를 보였다. 식생 지역의 이산화탄소 플럭스는 봄과 여름에 모두 양(+)의 값으로 방출(emission)의 형태를 보이나, 겨울에는 반대로 흡수(uptake)하는 음(-)의 값으로 나타났다. 이산화탄소 플럭스의 평균값은 봄이 가장 높았으나 여름과 거의 유사하였고, 겨울은 낮은 음의 값으로 나타났다. 비식생 지역은 봄에 양의 값으로 방출의 형태를 보였고, 여름과 겨울에는 흡수하는 음의 값으로 나타났다. 평균값은 봄이 가장 높았고, 여름과 겨울의 차는 작게 나타났다. 연구지역 이산화탄소 플럭스의 계절적인 변화특성은 봄의 경우 식생과 비식생 지역 모두 호흡에 의한 방출이 우세하였으며, 여름은 식생 지역에서 방출이 우세하였고 비식생 지역은 식물플랑크톤의 광합성에 의한 흡수가 확인되었으나 매우 미미하였다. 겨울은 식생 지역에서 이산화탄소 플럭스의 변화가 거의 나타나지 않았으며, 비식생 지역은 흡수가 일부 확인되었으나 매우 미미하였다.