• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제9D권2호
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• pp.297-306
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• 2002

본 논문은 논리적으로는 유사하지만 구문 측면에서는 서로 다른 XML 스키마(Schema) 기반의 XML 문서를 구조적 상이성 분석을 통하여 상호 변환하는 시스템의 설계 및 구현에 관한 것이다. 이를 위해 원시(Source) 문서와 목적(Destination) 문서를 데이터 레지스트리(DataRegistry)와 구조적 상이성 분석을 이용하여 병합 데이터를 생성하고, 생성된 병합 데이터를 기반으로 하는 XML 문서를 생성한다. 이 XML 문서 변환 시스템은 다른 응용 시스템에서 사용하는 XML 문서를 현 시스템에 맞게 변환하는 작업을 시간과 비용 그리고 신뢰성의 측면에서 유용하도록 설계하였다. 이 시스템의 구현환경은 IBM 호환 PC에서 동작하며, Windows 2000 환경의 운영체제에서 Visual Basic 6.0을 사용하여 개발하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.1-26
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• 1982

The main purpose of this study was to test the effect of the structured information on the sleep amount of the patients undergoing open heart surgery. This study has specifically addressed to the Following two basic research questions: (1) Would the structed in formation influence in the reduction of sleep disturbance related to anxiety and Physical stress before and after the operation? and (2) that would be the effects of the structured information on the level of preoperative state anxiety, the hormonal change, and the degree of behavioral change in the patients undergoing an open heart surgery? A Quasi-experimental research was designed to answer these questions with one experimental group and one control group. Subjects in both groups were matched as closely as possible to avoid the effect of the differences inherent to the group characteristics, Baseline data were also. collected on both groups for 7 days prior to the experiment and found that subjects in both groups had comparable sleep patterns, trait anxiety, hormonal levels and behavioral level. A structured information as an experimental input was given to the subjects in the experimental group only. Data were collected and compared between the experimental group and the control group on the sleep amount of the consecutive pre and post operative days, on preoperative state anxiety level, and on hormonal and behavioral changes. To test the effectiveness of the structured information, two main hypotheses and three sub-hypotheses were formulated as follows; Main hypothesis 1: Experimental group which received structured information will have more sleep amount than control group without structured information in the night before the open heart surgery. Main hypothesis 2: Experimental group with structured information will have more sleep, amount than control group without structured information during the week following the open heart surgery Sub-hypothesis 1: Experimental group with structured information will be lower in the level of State anxiety than control group without structured information in the night before the open heart surgery. Sub-hypothesis 2 : Experimental group with structured information will have lower hormonal level than control group without stuctured information on the 5th day after the open heart surgery Sub-hypothesis 3: Experimental group with structured information will be lower in the behavioral change level than control group without structured information during the week after the open heart surgery. The research was conducted in a national university hospital in Seoul, Korea. The 53 Subjects who participated in the study were systematically divided into experimental group and control group which was decided by random sampling method. Among 53 subjects, 26 were placed in the experimental group and 27 in the control group. Instruments; (1) Structed information: Structured information as an independent variable was constructed by the researcher on the basis of Roy's adaptation model consisting of physiologic needs, self-concept, role function and interdependence needs as related to the sleep and of operational procedures. (2) Sleep amount measure: Sleep amount as main dependent variable was measured by trained nurses through observation on the basis of the established criteria, such as closed or open eyes, regular or irregular respiration, body movement, posture, responses to the light and question, facial expressions and self report after sleep. (3) State anxiety measure: State Anxiety as a sub-dependent variable was measured by Spi-elberger's STAI Anxiety scale, (4) Hormornal change measure: Hormone as a sub-dependent variable was measured by the cortisol level in plasma. (5) Behavior change measure: Behavior as a sub-dependent variable was measured by the Behavior and Mood Rating Scale by Wyatt. The data were collected over a period of four months, from June to October 1981, after the pretest period of two months. For the analysis of the data and test for the hypotheses, the t-test with mean differences and analysis of covariance was used. The result of the test for instruments show as follows: (1) STAI measurement for trait and state anxiety as analyzed by Cronbachs alpha coefficient analysis for item analysis and reliability showed the reliability level at r= .90 r= .91 respectively. (2) Behavior and Mood Rating Scale measurement was analyzed by means of Principal Component Analysis technique. Seven factors retained were anger, anxiety, hyperactivity, depression, bizarre behavior, suspicious behavior and emotional withdrawal. Cumulative percentage of each factor was 71.3%. The result of the test for hypotheses show as follows; (1) Main hypothesis, was not supported. The experimental group has 282 minutes of sleep as compared to the 255 minutes of sleep by the control group. Thus the sleep amount was higher in experimental group than in control group, however, the difference was not statistically significant at .05 level. (2) Main hypothesis 2 was not supported. The mean sleep amount of the experimental group and control group were 297 minutes and 278 minutes respectively Therefore, the experimental group had more sleep amount as compared to the control group, however, the difference was not statistically significant at .05 level. Thus, the main hypothesis 2 was not supported. (3) Sub-hypothesis 1 was not supported. The mean state anxiety of the experimental group and control group were 42.3, 43.9 in scores. Thus, the experimental group had slightly lower state anxiety level than control group, howe-ver, the difference was not statistically significant at .05 level. (4) Sub-hypothesis 2 was not supported. . The mean hormonal level of the experimental group and control group were 338 ㎍ and 440 ㎍ respectively. Thus, the experimental group showed decreased hormonal level than the control group, however, the difference was not statistically significant at .05 level. (5) Sub-hypothesis 3 was supported. The mean behavioral level of the experimental group and control group were 29.60 and 32.00 respectively in score. Thus, the experimental group showed lower behavioral change level than the control group. The difference was statistically significant at .05 level. In summary, the structured information did not influence the sleep amount, state anxiety or hormonal level of the subjects undergoing an open heart surgery at a statistically significant level, however, it showed a definite trends in their relationships, not least to mention its significant effect shown on behavioral change level. It can further be speculated that a great degree of individual differences in the variables such as sleep amount, state anxiety and fluctuation in hormonal level may partly be responsible for the statistical insensitivity to the experimentation.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.59-75
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 구조화 정도가 다른 수학적 동형 문제 사이의 유추적 전이를 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 다음과 같은 연구문제를 설정하여 분석하였다. 첫째, 구조화 정도가 다른 수학 문제를 해결하는데 사용된 전략의 변화 양상은 어떠한가? 둘째, 구조화된 문제와 비-구조화된 문제를 해결하는데 비례식 알고리듬 전략을 사용한 학생과 그렇지 않은 학생의 문제해결 특징은 어떠한가? 연구 결과를 다음과 같다, 첫째, 구조화 정도가 낮은 문제의 해결에서는 곱셈적 전략의 사용빈도가 증가하였으며, 반대로 비례식 알고리듬 전략 사용빈도는 감소하였다. 둘째, 비와 비례에 대해 개념적 이해 수준이 높은 학생은 구조화정도가 다른 문제들 사이의 구조적 유사성을 인식하고, 비례식 알고리듬 전략을 사용해 문제를 성공적으로 해결하였다. 이 연구는 학생들의 유추적 전이 능력을 신장시키기 위해 수학 수업은 어떠한 점에 초점을 맞추어야 하는지와 그리고 유추적 전이 연구에 대한 새로운 방법론적 대안을 제시했다는 점에서 그 의의를 찾을 수 있다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제40권9호
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• pp.161-173
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• 2002

As the divorce rates in Korea have increased dramatically in recent years, it has been assumed that the attitudes towards divorce changed as a consequence. It has been proposed that people have become more accepting of marital dissolution as an alternative to unhappy marriage. The Purpose of this study is to empirically examine the assumption and to explore whether there is a rural-urban differences in the attitudes towards divorce. The data were gathered from 716 respondents who reside in Seoul and 593 respondents who reside in rural areas, using the structured questionnaire. The data analysis revealed that there exists significant rural-urban differences in the attitudes towards divorce in some aspects, suggesting the gaps in the cultural changes. Yet, rural-urban residents seems to share the attitude that one should not sacrifice personal happiness to maintain an unhappy marriage for the shake of obligation and traditional family norm.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.41-59
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to explore a typology of time use and analyze differences in life satisfaction according to the types of time use in the rural elderly. The research subjects were 1,000 people aged 65 years and over living in the rural areas of Korea. The data were collected through structured questionnaires and a time-use diary. The statistical methods used in the analysis included calculation of the mean and the standard deviation, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, cluster analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The time use practices of the rural elderly were classified into three types: work-leisure balance, work-oriented, and leisure-oriented type. Life satisfaction of the rural elderly differed according to the type of time use. The work-oriented types showed the highest scores of life satisfaction, and leisure-oriented types showed the lowest.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.158-168
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• 2017

There is a more urgent call for educational methods of machine learning in medical education, and therefore, new approaches of teaching and researching machine learning in medicine are needed. This paper presents a case using machine learning through text analysis. Topic modeling of news articles with the keyword 'asbestos' were examined. Two hypotheses were tested using this method, and the process of machine learning of texts is illustrated through this example. Using an automated text analysis method, all the news articles published from January 1, 1990 to November 15, 2016 in South Korea which included 'asbestos' in the title and the body were collected by web scraping. Differences in topics were analyzed by structured topic modelling (STM) and compared by press companies and periods. More articles were found in liberal media outlets. Differences were found in the number and types of topics in the articles according to the partisanship and period. STM showed that the conservative press views asbestos as a personal problem, while the progressive press views asbestos as a social problem. A divergence in the perspective for emphasizing the issues of asbestos between the conservative press and progressive press was also found. Social perspective influences the main topics of news stories. Thus, the patients' uneasiness and pain are not presented by both sources of media. In addition, topics differ between news media sources based on partisanship, and therefore cause divergence in readers' framing. The method of text analysis and its strengths and weaknesses are explained, and an application for the teaching and researching of machine learning in medical education using the methodology of text analysis is considered. An educational method of machine learning in medical education is urgent for future generations.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.308-321
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• 2016

Purpose:This phenomenological study was to describe and to understand nurses' experiences of caring for woman with disability during pregnancy and childbirth. Methods: Participants were 13 nurses from 3 hospitals and 2 local clinics in J city, and were selected through snow-balling method. Data were collected two face to face, semi-structured interviews. The researcher used MP3 player and smart phone for recording as well as transcription process. As for the data analysis, Colaizzi's method was applied. Results: Nurses' experiences were structured as four theme clusters: 'Communicating between/among nurses', 'Recognizing pregnancy and childbirth of woman with disability', 'Taking care of woman with disability based on their differences' and 'Reflecting on nursing care for woman with disability'. Conclusion: It seemed that nurses' recognition to woman with disability and her pregnancy and childbirth was related their nursing care for woman with disability.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2007

The Environmental problem solving model is an instructional strategy to accomplish the aim of environmental education through investigation of environmental problems and issues of the community. This study is intended to compare the instructional effect of the structured model with the unstructured model of environmental problem solving. The experimental group received the structured instruction and the control group received the unstructured instruction. There did not appear to be any significant difference between the groups in regard to knowledge but in regard to knowledge of environmental issues, the experimental group was more effective than the control group. No significant differences existed between the groups in attitude. In regard to investigating skill and evaluation of environmental issues, the experimental group was significantly more effective than the control group. The experimental group was significantly more effective than the control group in regard to environmental action skills. To foster responsible environmental behavior, environmental education a number of methodologies must be considered and learners must be trained to become problem-solving citizens. It was noted that the structured instruction was more effective than the unstructured instruction in middle school where environmental issues were not taught as an independent subject. We conclude that environmental education must be systematically constructed and taught in a manner which takes into account both its goals and the characteristics of the various learners. We conclude that environmental education must be systematically constructed and taught in a manner which takes into account both its internal goals and the situations within which various types of learners explore environmental issues and solutions.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.133-157
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 학생들의 생활과 밀접한 공간을 기반으로 한 비구조화된 문제를 개발하고 수업에 적용하였다. 이 과정에서 6학년 학생들의 공간 추론 능력으로는 외적 추론에 비해 내적 추론에서 어려움을 표했으며, 공간 추론이 수와 연산, 측정 등의 영역과 연계되어 활용될 때 그 수준이 더 높게 나타났다. 문제 해결 능력에서는 반성 요소가 미흡하게 나타났으며 초등 현장에서 온라인 환경에서의 협력과 수학적 모델링 학습이 적용 가능하다는 결과를 얻었다. 이를 통해 수학 교육 현장에 공간 학습과 실생활 문제 해결에 관한 의미 있는 시사점을 도출할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.65-73
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate significant differences of structural knowledges among the groups(high, middle, low) when the 6th grade subjects structured the concepts of the plane figures, triangle and quadrangle, by concept maps, and to analyse the features of concept maps according to hierarchy. For this purpose, the following two research contents were investigated： 1. Investigating significant differences of structural knowledge in the concepts of the plane figures using concept maps among the groups(high, middle, low). 2. Analysing the features of concept maps according to hierarchy. The structural knowledges represented on the concept maps of triangle and quadrangle which were drawn by the subjects were analysed by propositions, hierarchies, and cross-links. Subject-self Reports about how to make the concept maps were used to analyse the features of concept maps according to hierarchy. The conclusions drawn from the results were as fellows： First, there were significant differences among the groups in proposition links. Second, there wasn't my significant difference among the groups in hierarchy. Third, there were significant differences among the groups in cross-links, and Fourth, the results of analysing the concept maps by hierarchy showed that there were differences among the individuals in constructing the knowledges.