• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 2009

Recently, the structural similarity (SSIM) index metric is proposed. In the present paper, a new framework, which is called visual SSIM (VSSIM), is proposed by incorporating crucial human factors into the SSIM. The human factors are foveation, luminance, frequency and motion information. The performance of VSSIM is evaluated by subjective quality test compliant with the Video Quality Expert Group (VQEG) multimedia group test plan. It shows that the visual SSIM is more correlated with the subjective quality result than the conventional SSIM.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.57 no.12
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• pp.44.1-44.9
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• 2015

Background: Heat shock proteins play an important role in protection from stress stimuli and metabolic insults in almost all organisms. Methods: In this study, computational tools were used to deeply analyse the physicochemical characteristics and, using homology modelling, reliably predict the tertiary structure of the blunt snout bream (Ma-) Hsp70 and Hsc70 proteins. Derived three-dimensional models were then used to predict the function of the proteins. Results: Previously published predictions regarding the protein length, molecular weight, theoretical isoelectric point and total number of positive and negative residues were corroborated. Among the new findings are: the extinction coefficient (33725/33350 and 35090/34840 - Ma-Hsp70/ Ma-Hsc70, respectively), instability index (33.68/35.56 - both stable), aliphatic index (83.44/80.23 - both very stable), half-life estimates (both relatively stable), grand average of hydropathicity (-0.431/-0.473 - both hydrophilic) and amino acid composition (alanine-lysine-glycine/glycine-lysine-aspartic acid were the most abundant, no disulphide bonds, the N-terminal of both proteins was methionine). Homology modelling was performed by SWISS-MODEL program and the proposed model was evaluated as highly reliable based on PROCHECK's Ramachandran plot, ERRAT, PROVE, Verify 3D, ProQ and ProSA analyses. Conclusions: The research revealed a high structural similarity to Hsp70 and Hsc70 proteins from several taxonomically distant animal species, corroborating a remarkably high level of evolutionary conservation among the members of this protein family. Functional annotation based on structural similarity provides a reliable additional indirect evidence for a high level of functional conservation of these two genes/proteins in blunt snout bream, but it is not sensitive enough to functionally distinguish the two isoforms.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.847-858
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• 2014

Until now, a lot of image quality assessment techniques or tools for optimal human visual system(HVS)-awareness have been researched and SSIM(Structural SIMilarity) and its improved techniques are representative examples. However, they often cannot cope with various images and different distortion types robustly, and thus this can cause a large gap between their index values and HVS-awareness. In this paper, we conduct image quality assessment on SSIM and its variants intensively and analyze the causes of each component function's observed anomalies. Then, we propose a novel image quality assessment technique to compensate and improve such anomalies. Additionally, through extensive image assessment simulations, we show that the proposed technique can indicate HVS-awareness more robustly and consistently than SSIM and its variants for various images and different distortion types.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.358-373
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• 2009

Probability based design(PBD)method has some advantages against current design methods. First, it can provide the quantitative values for the structural safety or capacity through the reliability index, $^{\beta}$. That presented the certainty on the corresponding structure for the designer or user, also that permitted the broad consideration in the safety of structures. In addition, it can give the quantitative lifetime of the related structure in the calculation process of target reliability index. Also, incidental economical efficiency can be expected because decrease of required structural material can be obtained by using the practical material data. Unlikely current deterministic structural design methods, main advantage is the reflection of real condition in the structural design process by application of the data with not small clear specimen but structural size material. Advanced countries, namely America, Canada, Europe, Australia and New Zealand already converted from allowable stress design(ASD) method to PBD method and used as a standard wooden structures code in the late 1980s and 1990s. Other domestic constructions standards such as the steel or concrete constructions accepted and used the PBD methods already. Accordingly, wooden structural design method also should be converted from deterministic ASD to probabilistic LRFD(Load and resistance factor design) in order to keep pace with worldwide demands for PBD. Hence, to suggest the reason of introduction the PBD in domestic wooden structural design and analysis, a brief example was used to show the different reliability index by using the different design methods. Definition, merits and demerits of deterministic ASD and probabilistic LRFD were followed. Also the three examples were presented to show the similarity and differences between ASD and LRFD. Finally, connection problems that might cause a disputation in wooden structural design and analysis were broadly examined.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 2024

With the increasing number of social media users worldwide, cases of social media being abused to perpetrate various crimes are increasing. Specifically, drug distribution through social media is emerging as a serious social problem. Using social media channels, the curiosity of teenagers regarding drugs is stimulated through clever marketing. Further, social media easily facilitates drug purchases due to the high accessibility of drug sellers and consumers. Among various social media platforms, we focused on Instagram, which is the most used social media platform by young adults aged 19 to 24 years in South Korea. We collected four types of information, including profile photos, introductions, posts in the form of images, and posts in the form of texts on Instagram; then, we analyzed the similarity among each type of collected information. The profile photos and posts in the form of image were analyzed for similarity based on the SSIM(Structural Simplicity Index Measure), while introductions and posts in the form of text were analyzed for similarity using Jaccard and Cosine similarity techniques. Through the similarity analysis, the similarity among various accounts for each collected information type was measured, and accounts with similarity above the significance level were determined as the same drug sales account. By performing logistic regression analysis on the aforementioned information types, we confirmed that except posts in image form, profile photos, introductions, and posts in the text form were valid information for tracking the same drug sales account.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.258-266
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• 2015

The modern radiotherapy technique which delivers a large amount of dose to patients asks to confirm the positions of patients or tumors more accurately by using X-ray projection images of high-definition. However, a rapid increase in patient's exposure and image information for CT image acquisition may be additional burden on the patient. In this study, by introducing structural similarity (SSIM) index that can effectively extract the structural information of the image, we analyze the differences between daily acquired x-ray images of a patient to verify the accuracy of patient positioning. First, for simulating a moving target, the spherical computational phantoms changing the sizes and positions were created to acquire projected images. Differences between the images were automatically detected and analyzed by extracting their SSIM values. In addition, as a clinical test, differences between daily acquired x-ray images of a patient for 12 days were detected in the same way. As a result, we confirmed that the SSIM index was changed in the range of 0.85~1 (0.006~1 when a region of interest (ROI) was applied) as the sizes or positions of the phantom changed. The SSIM was more sensitive to the change of the phantom when the ROI was limited to the phantom itself. In the clinical test, the daily change of patient positions was 0.799~0.853 in SSIM values, those well described differences among images. Therefore, we expect that SSIM index can provide an objective and quantitative technique to verify the patient position using simple x-ray images, instead of time and cost intensive three-dimensional x-ray images.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.476-486
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• 2022

Synthetic dynamic infrared image generation from the given virtual environment is being the primary goal to simulate the output of the infra-red(IR) camera installed on a vehicle to evaluate the control algorithm for various search & reconnaissance missions. Due to the difficulty to obtain actual IR data in complex environments, Artificial intelligence(AI) has been used recently in the field of image data generation. In this paper, CycleGAN technique is applied to obtain a more realistic synthetic IR image. We added the Structural Similarity Index Measure(SSIM) loss function to the L1 loss function to generate a more realistic synthetic IR image when the CycleGAN image is generated. From the simulation, it is applicable to the guided-missile flight simulation tests by using the synthetic infrared image generated by the proposed technique.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

Underwater images carry information that is useful in the fields of aquaculture, underwater military security, navigation, transportation, and so on. In this research, we transmitted an underwater image through various underwater mediums in the presence of underwater turbulence and beam attenuation effects using a high-speed visible optical carrier signal. The optical beam undergoes scintillation because of the turbulence and attenuation effects; therefore, distorted images were observed at the receiver end. To understand the behavior of the communication media, we obtained the bit error rate (BER) performance of the system with respect to the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Also, the structural similarity index (SSI) and peak SNR (PSNR) metrics of the received image were evaluated. Based on the received images, we employed suitable nonlinear filters to recover the distorted images and enhance them further. The BER, SSI, and PSNR metrics of the specific nonlinear filters were also evaluated and compared with the unfiltered metrics. These metrics were evaluated using the on-off keying and binary phase-shift keying modulation techniques for the 50-m and 100-m links for beam attenuation resulting from pure seawater, clear ocean water, and coastal ocean water mediums.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 2013

Electrical stimulation is delivered to auditory nerve (AN) through the electrodes in cochlear implant system. Neurogram is a spectrogram that includes information of neural response to electrical stimulation. We hypothesized that the similarity between a neurogram and an input-sound spectrogram could show how well a cochlear implant system works. In this study, we evaluated electrical stimulus configuration of CIS strategy using the computational model. The computational model includes stochastic property and anatomical features of cat auditory nerve fiber. To evaluate similarity between a neurogram and an input-sound spectrogram, we calculated Structural Similarity Index (SSIM). The results show that the dynamic range and the stimulation rate per channel influenced SSIM. Finally, we suggested the optimal configuration within the given stimulus CIS. We expect that the results and the evaluating procedure could be employed to improve the performance of a cochlear implant system.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.113-124
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• 2021

The study investigates how financial markets respond to a shock to tone and semantic similarity of the Bank of Thailand press releases. The techniques in natural language processing are employed to quantify the tone and the semantic similarity of 69 press releases from 2010 to 2018. The corpus of the press releases is accessible to the general public. Stock market returns and bond yields are measured by logged return on SET50 and short-term and long-term government bonds, respectively. Data are daily from January 4, 2010, to August 8, 2019. The study uses the Structural Vector Auto Regressive model (SVAR) to analyze the effects of unanticipated and temporary shocks to the tone and the semantic similarity on bond yields and stock market returns. Impulse response functions are also constructed for the analysis. The results show that 1-month, 3-month, 6-month and 1-year bond yields significantly increase in response to a positive shock to the tone of press releases and 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, 1-year and 25-year bond yields significantly increase in response to a positive shock to the semantic similarity. Interestingly, stock market returns obtained from the SET50 index insignificantly respond to the shocks from the tone and the semantic similarity of the press releases.