• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2024

Recent earthquakes in Korea, like Gyeongju and Pohang, have highlighted the need for accurate seismic hazard assessment. The lack of substantial ground motion data necessitates stochastic simulation methods, traditionally used with a simplistic point-source assumption. However, as earthquake magnitude increases, the influence of finite faults grows, demanding the adoption of finite faults in simulations for accurate ground motion estimates. We analyzed variations in simulated ground motions with and without the finite fault method for earthquakes with magnitude (Mw) ranging from 5.0 to 7.0, comparing pseudo-spectral acceleration. We also studied how slip distribution and hypocenter location affect simulations for a virtual earthquake that mimics the Gyeongju earthquake with Mw 5.4. Our findings reveal that finite fault effects become significant at magnitudes above Mw 5.8, particularly at high frequencies. Notably, near the hypocenter, the virtual earthquake's ground motion significantly changes using a finite fault model, especially with heterogeneous slip distribution. Therefore, applying finite fault models is crucial for simulating ground motions of large earthquakes (Mw ≥ 5.8 magnitude). Moreover, for accurate simulations of actual earthquakes with complex rupture processes having strong localized slips, incorporating finite faults is essential even for more minor earthquakes.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.1363-1386
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• 2015

The October 23 2011 Van Earthquake is studied from an earthquake engineering point of view. Strong ground motion processing was performed to investigate features of the earthquake source, forward directivity effects during the rupture process as well as local site effects. Strong motion characteristics were investigated in terms of peak ground motion and spectral acceleration values. Directiviy effects were discussed in detail via elastic response spectra and wide band spectograms to see the high frequency energy distributions. Source parameters and slip distribution results of the earthquake which had been proposed by different researchers were summarized. Influence of the source parameters on structural response were shown by comparing elastic response spectra of Muradiye synthetic records which were performed by broadband strong motion simulations of the earthquake. It has been emphasized that characteristics of the earthquake rupture dynamics and their effects on structural design might be investigated from a multidisciplinary point of view. Seismotectonic calculations (e.g., slip pattern, rupture velocity) may be extended relating different engineering parameters (e.g., interstorey drifts, spectral accelerations) across different disciplines while using code based seismic design approaches. Current state of the art building codes still far from fully reflecting earthquake source related parameters into design rules. Some of those deficiencies and recent efforts to overcome these problems were also mentioned. Next generation ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) may be incorporated with certain site categories for site effects. Likewise in the 2011 Van Earthquake, Reverse/Oblique earthquakes indicate that GMPEs need to be feasible to a wider range of magnitudes and distances in engineering practice. Due to the reverse faulting with large slip and dip angles, vertical displacements along with directivity and fault normal effects might significantly affect the engineering structures. Main reason of excessive damage in the town of Erciş can be attributed to these factors. Such effects should be considered in advance through the establishment of vertical design spectra and effects might be incorporated in the available GMPEs.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.559-566
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• 2008

2007년 1월 20일 규모 4.8의 오대산 지진 관측기록을 사용하여 강진동 발생에 있어서 지각구조의 영향을 조사하였다. 이를 위하여 강진동을 발생시키는 위상을 규명하였으며, 지진위험성 평가에 있어서의 의미를 고찰하였다. 관측자료와 파형모사 분석 결과, 지각-맨틀 경계에서 반사된 파가 예상보다 큰 지진동을 발생시킴을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 우리나라와 같은 지진활동이 많지 않은 지역에서도 지진위험저감 연구에서 지각구조를 고려하여야 함을 보여주고 있다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.755-778
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• 2010

Near-fault ground motion with directivity or fling effects is significantly influenced by the rupture mechanism and substantially different from ordinary records. This class of ground motion has large amplitude and long period, exhibits unusual response spectra shapes, possesses high PGV/PGA and PGD/PGA ratios and is best characterized in the velocity and the displacement time-histories. Such ground motion is also characterized by its energy being contained in a single or very few pulses, thus capable of causing severe damage to the structures. This paper investigates the characteristics of near-fault pulse-like ground motions and their implications on the structural responses using new proposed measures, such as, the effective frequency range, the energy rate (in time and frequency domains) and the damage indices. The paper develops also simple mathematical expressions for modeling this class of ground motion and the associated structural responses, thus eliminating numerical integration of the equations of motion. An optimization technique is also developed by using energy concepts and damage indices for modeling this class of ground motion for inelastic structures at sites having limited earthquake data.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 1999년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Spring
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• pp.57-60
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• 1999

Amplification factor spectrum using the observed strong ground motions database in the Korean Peninsula has been obtained and compared with Standard Rpectrum which wa suggested by United States Nuclear Regulatory Committee. The observed ground motions from the Yongwol and the Kyoungju Earthquakes respectively which are supposed to represent domestic seismotectonic characteristics such as seismic source attenuation of the propagation meium and site specific effect are used for the analysis of amplification factor spectrum,. The database are slightly different from the those of the second study. Amplification factors have been calculated by comparing the observed peak ground motions with results from responses to the observed horizontal na vertical ground motions. The comparison have shown that the amplification factors resultant from this study exceeds those of Standard Response Spectrum The results suggest that the characteristics of seismic strong ground motion which are supposed to represent the domestic seismotectonic characteristics differs from those of Standard Response Spectrum especially at higher frequencies. The results from the 2nd study are similar to those of 1st analysis.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.477-487
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• 2021

This study focuses on the influence of strong ground motion duration on the response and collapse probability of reinforced concrete walls with a predominant response in flexure. Walls with different height and mass were used to account for a broad spectrum of configurations and fundamental periods. The walls were designed following the specifications of the Chilean design code. Non-linear models of the reinforced concrete walls using a distributed plasticity approach were performed in OpenSees and calibrated with experimental data. Special attention was put on modeling strength and stiffness degradation. The effect of duration was isolated using spectrally equivalent ground motions of long and short duration. In order to assess the behavior of the RC shear walls, incremental dynamic analyses (IDA) were performed, and fragility curves were obtained using cumulative and non-cumulative engineering demand parameters. The spectral acceleration at the fundamental period of the wall was used as the intensity measure (IM) for the IDAs. The results show that the long duration ground motion set decreases the average collapse capacity in walls of medium and long periods compared to the results using the short duration set. Also, it was found that a lower median intensity is required to achieve moderate damage states in the same medium and long period wall models. Finally, strength and stiffness degradation are important modelling parameters and if they are not included, the damage in reinforced concrete walls may be greatly underestimated.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2003년도 춘계 학술발표회논문집
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• pp.77-84
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• 2003

For stochastic strong ground motion simulation, frequency-dependent Q model (= $Q_{o}$ $f^{η}$) were evaluated for major geographical blocks according to the epicentral distance ranges by using a lateral Q tomography technique. The inversed Q results were used to qualitatively identify seismic albedos of each Q blocks and were compared with the previous Q studies. In addition, a functional Q model calibrated to the low frequency spectra of local earthquakes were suggested especially for use in analysing large and distant regional earthquake events.s.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2006

지진공학 분야에서는 내진설계를 위한 필요성으로 인해 근역의 강지진동이 관심의 대상이 되어왔으며, 최근 우리나라의 모든 구조물에 내진설계가 의무화되면서 그 필요성은 더욱 부각되고 있는 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 특정부지에서의 강지진동 합성을 위하여 경험적 그린함수 방법을 이용한 합성방법을 적용하였다. 이 합성방법은 Haskell 타입의 운동학적 지진원 모델과 동일한 지역에서 발생한 지진의 유사성 이론을 기본으로 하고 있다. 합성에 이용되는 변수들은 단층길이, 폭 및 변위지속 시간과 같은 단층변수와 모멘트간의 일관된 관계로부터 결정된다. 본 연구에서 적용된 합성방법을 1997년 3월27일 일본의 동일지역에서 차례로 발생한 2개의 중규모(ML 4.7) 및 대규모 지진(ML 6.5)에 대하여 적용하여 강지진동을 합성하고 결과를 분석하였다. 본 연구방법을 적용한 결과 중규모(ML 4.7) 오부터 관측된 강지진동을 이용하여 가속도, 속도 및 변위 성분에서 합성된 강지진동은 파형뿐만 아니라 전체 진동수 대역에서 대체적으로 실제 강지진동을 양호하게 예측하는 경향을 보였다. 또한, 전체적으로 합성운동의 첨두값 역시 실제 계측된 첨두값과 비교할 때 만족스러운 정도로 일치하는 결과를 보여주었다. 특히 가속도이력의 첨두값은 단지 약 8.8%만의 차이를 보여주었다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2020

The empirical Green's function method is applied to the foreshock and the mainshock of the 2016 Gyeongju earthquake to simulate strong ground motions of the mainshock and scenario earthquake at seismic stations of seven metropolises in South Korea, respectively. To identify the applicability of the method in advance, the mainshock is simulated, assuming the foreshock as the empirical Green's function. As a result of the simulation, the overall shape, the amplitude of PGA, and the duration and response spectra of the simulated seismic waveforms are similar with those of the observed seismic waveforms. Based on this result, a scenario earthquake on the causative fault of Gyeongju earthquake with a moment magnitude 6.5 is simulated, assuming that the mainshock serves as the empirical Green's function. As a result, the amplitude of PGA and the duration of simulated seismic waveforms are significantly increased and extended, and the spectral amplitude of the low frequency band is relatively increased compared with that of the high frequency band. If the empirical Green's function method is applied to several recent well-recorded moderate earthquakes, the simulated seismic waveforms can be used as not only input data for developing ground motion prediction equations, but also input data for creating the design response spectra of major facilities in South Korea.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.41-55
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• 2024

There are obvious differences between the characteristics of offshore ground motion and onshore ground motion in current studies, and factors such as water layer and site conditions have great influence on the characteristics of offshore ground motion. In addition, unlike seismic response analysis of offshore superstructures such as sea-crossing bridges, tunnels are affected by offshore soil constraints, so it is necessary to consider the dynamic interaction between structure and offshore soil layer. Therefore, a seismic response analysis model considering the seawater, soil layer and tunnel structure coupling is established. Firstly, the measured offshore and different soil layers onshore ground records are input respectively, and the difference of seismic response under different types of ground motions is analyzed. Then, the models of different site conditions were input into the measured onshore bedrock strong ground motion records to study the influence of seawater layer and silt soft soil layer on the seabed and tunnel structure. The results show that the overall seismic response between the seabed and the tunnel structure is more significant when the offshore ground motion is input. The seawater layer can suppression the vertical seismic response of seabed and tunnel structure, while the slit soft soil layer can amplify the horizontal seismic response. The results will help to promote seismic wave selection of marine structures and provide reference for improving the accuracy of seismic design of immersed tunnels.