• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2017

Purpose : The aims of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review with meta-analysis to investigate the effect of virtual reality based rehabilitation program on balance of patient with stroke in Korean studies. Method : The studies for analysis were searched in electronic databases(Research Information Sharing Service; RISS, Korean Studies Information Service; KISS, DBpia, e-articles, National Assembly Library). The key words for search were 'virtual reality', 'stroke', and 'balance' and only randomized controlled trials and clinical controlled trials were included. Of 40 studies identified in the search, 20 studies met the criteria of this study and included in this meta-analysis. Result : The results were as follows: 1) The overall effect size of virtual reality based rehabilitation program was 0.557(95% critical interval; 0.340~0.774). 2) In the analysis of sub-categorical variables, effect size was as follows; the commercial game type(0.621) > virtual environment type(0.335); the dynamic balance measurement(0.750) > static balance measurement(0.226); randomized controlled trial(0.653) > clinical controlled trial(0.275); and thesis type(0.706) > article of journal type(0.339). 3) In the analysis of sub-continuous variables, as time of program(per session) increased, the balance increased(p<0.05). Conclusion : The results of this study showed that virtual reality based rehabilitation program moderately improves the balance of stroke patient. Further studies are recommended to investigate the effect of sub-variables related to virtual reality programs on motor functions of patient with stroke.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.105-112
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• 2018

PURPOSE: Strengthening training is effective at improving the function of stroke patients. This study was conducted to compare the effects of exercise intensity on walking, balancing ability, and blood glucose in stroke patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to suggest more effective exercise intensity for stroke patients. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into an experimental group (n=11) and a control group (n=11). In the experimental group, a 40-70% strength of 1RM exercise program was applied for 40 minutes a day, three times a week for 4 weeks. The control group received a 50% intensity of 1RM for the same number and duration of interventions as the experimental group. RESULTS: Both the experimental group and the control group showed significant improvement in the gait function, balance ability, and blood glucose level after the intervention compared to before the intervention. In the FGA (functional gait assessment), the experimental group showed a 52.4% greater increase than the control group, and the fasting blood glucose level was 16.7% greater in the experimental group than the control group. CONCLUSION: The strengthening exercise program, which gradually increases exercise intensity, seems to be effective at improving the function of stroke patients with type 2 diabetes.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

Objectives : This study investigated stroke types, ischemic stroke subtypes, risk factors for stroke, stroke complications and Sasang constitutions in both sexes. Methods : 307 patients with acute stroke within 14 days onset were included, who were admitted to Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center from October 2005 to May 2007. Stroke types, ischemic stroke subtypes, risk factors for stroke, stroke complications and Sasang constitutions in both sexes were examined. Results : Mean age was higher among women than men (64.82${\pm}$10.21 years versus 62.18${\pm}$11.52 years for the 137 female and 170 male patients, respectively, p=0.037). There were no significant differences in stroke type, ischemic stroke subtypes, or stroke risk factors except smoking and Sasang constitutions. Current smoking was more frequent in male patients (p<0.001). Stroke complications, especially urinary tract infection (UTI), were significantly more common in women (p=0.002). Conclusion : Sex does not seem to influence stroke types, ischemic stroke subtypes, or stroke risk factors except current smoking and Sasang constitutions. UTI should be taken into consideration to manage female stroke patients. Smoking cessation is indicated to prevent stroke in men.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.725-731
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• 2004

In this study, the three type hybrid interrupters according to the arrangement of the thermal expansion chamber and the puffer cylinder(they are called 'serial type', 'parallel/exchanged type', and 'parallel/separated type' respectively in this work) were designed and manufactured. This paper presents the tested results of the thermal recovery characteristics on the interrupters using a simplified synthetic test facility. The 'serial type' hybrid interrupter which is to obtain more easily the pressure rise for the thermal recovery compared with the others has the best capability in the thermal recovery characteristics. In order to investigate the stress on the operating mechanism, the distortion of the stroke wave in on-load test was examined to the stroke curve in no-load test. The biggest distortion was occurred in the 'parallel/exchanged type' hybrid interrupter. Finally, the small interruption capability on the three type interrupters was estimated by a theoretical form and the 'parallel/separated type' hybrid interrupter has the advantage of the others in the view of structure.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the seasonal variation in stroke types, ischemic stroke subtypes, stroke risk factors and Sasang constitutions. Methods: 226 patients with acute stroke within 14 days onset were included, who were admitted to Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center from November 2005 to October 2006. The year was subdivided into four parts: spring (March-May); summer (June-August); fall (September-November); and winter (December-February). Stroke types, ischemic stroke subtypes, stroke risk factors and Sasang constitutions in the four groups were examined. Results: Ischemic stroke was most frequent in summer, whereas hemorrhagic stroke was most frequent in winter. There was no significant difference in seasonal variation of stroke. The frequency of ischemic heart disease among stroke risk factors was significantly high in spring (p=0.031). The frequency of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, and hyperlipidemia did not differ among seasons. There was no significant difference in Sasang constitution among seasons. Frequency of small vessel occlusion was highest in summer. Large artery atherosclerosis was frequent in spring and summer,but seasonal variation of ischemic stroke subtypes did not show statistical difference. Conclusion: Acute stroke demonstrates seasonal characteristics according to stroke types, ischemic stroke subtypes, risk factors for stroke, and Sasang constitutions. These results have important clinical implications in stroke prevention.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.903-907
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the pattern of metabolic syndrome(Mets) in stroke patients who were hospitalized in Daejeon oriental hospital. The present study was done over 445 hospitalized patient with stroke in the Daejeon University Oriental Medical Hospital in the period of November 2006 to December 2008. Stroke patients had been interviewed by residents and specialists who studied standard operation procedures in Fundamental study for Standardization and Objectification of Differentiation and Pattern Identification of Syndrome of Oriental Medicine for Stroke. We analyzed all registered data and evaluated the prevalence of Mets and specific components of Mets. The distribution of Mets in stroke patients according to American Heart Association/National Heart Lung and Blood Institute(AHA/NHLBI) criteria is 65.63%. The distribution of Mets in stroke patients according to International Diabetes Federation(IDF) criteria is 48.05%. The distribution of female patients is higher than that of male patients. The distribution of central obesity, low HDL cholesterol and hypertension is higher in female patients. There is no significant relationship between Mets and stroke type in AHA/NHLBI criteria.. But, there is significant relationship between Mets and stroke type in IDF criteria.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1631-1636
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was done to investigate the influence of social risk factors on each stroke type. We recruited at the Stroke Medical Center in Daejeon University Oriental Medical Hospital from July 2005 to March 2007 for this study. We divided 217 patients with acute stroke within 2 weeks as the case group(Cases), 146 people without major risk factor as the healthy control group(Normals), and 160 people as the general control group(Controls). We analyzed general characteristics such as age, sex, with or without spouse, education periods, religion, psychologic stress, and the odds ratio of each social risk factors by multivariate logistic analysis. As a result of reviewing the influence of social risk factors upon each stroke type, without spouse may be risk factor of ischemic stroke, and the undereducated may be risk factor of hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke. But religion and psychologic stress had no significant relation with stroke.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2009

Purpose: In order to examine difference in the activity of potential of spinal neurons and cortical neurons according to muscle contraction type in post stroke hemiplegic subjects and healthy subjects, the present study conducted an experiment as follows. Methods: The subjects in the experimental group were 17 left-side hemiplegic subjects (9 female, 8 male; mean age, 63.41$\pm$9.86 years) with the right hand as the dominant hand selected among post stroke hemiplegic subjects, and 17 age matched healthy control subjects (10 female, 7 male; mean age, 64.12$\pm$12.07 years). Movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) were measured using surface electromyography and electroencephalography while concentric and eccentric movements were made alternately. Results: As to the pattern of the activity of MRCP, which indicates the activity of motor cortical neurons, we found that the amplitude is high (p<0.01), the length of excitement is short (p<0.01) and the ascending gradient of amplitude to the peak increases (p<0.05) in post stroke hemiplegic subjects' lesion sites different from healthy subjects. Conclusion: The activity of cortical neurons was no difference in activity according to contraction type was observed in post stroke hemiplegic subjects' lesion sites. This suggests that there is no distinction in the activity of cortical neurons between concentric contraction and eccentric contraction. Accordingly, if post stroke hemiplegic subjects' activity of motor cortex is analyzed by measuring MRCPs, it is considered useful in research on neural plasticity or as a ground of clinical effects in the area of physical therapy for the central nervous system.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.35-44
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• 2009

Long stroke Fast Tool Servo (LFTS) with maximum stroke of $432{\mu}m$ is designed, manufactured and tested for fabrication of optical free-form surfaces. The large amount of stroke in LFTS has been realized by utilizing the hinge and lever mechanisms which enable the displacement amplification ratio of 4.3. In this mechanism the peculiar shape was devised for maximizing the displacement of end tip in LFTS and special mechanical spring has been mounted to provide the sufficient preload to the piezoelectric actuator. Also, its longitudinal motion of tool tip can be measured by capacitive type displacement sensor and closed-loop controlled to overcome the nonlinear hysteresis. In order to verify the static and dynamic characteristics of designed LFTS, several features including step response, frequency response and cut-off frequency in closed-loop mode were experimentally examined. Also, basic machining result shows that the proposed LFTS is capable of generating the optical free-form surface as an additional axis in diamond turning machine.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.227-235
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• 2000

Background and Purpose : Medical and Neurological complications in patients with acute stroke may affect their prognosis including death rate, function and admission period. Some of these complications may be preventable. But few data exist regarding complications occurring in the first weeks. So we sought to observe the type, timing, and frequency of complications in hospitalized patients after stroke. Methods : We retrospectively examined the case notes of patients admitted in Won Kwang Oriental Medical Hospital after stroke. Two observers inspected the case notes using predifined diagnostic criteria and recorded the type, timing, and frequency of complications that occurred during the inpatient period. Results : Complications were recorded in 43 patients(82.7%). The most common medical complications were constipation(25.0%) and shoulder pain(21.2%). The most frequent serious medical problems were pulmonary infection(9.6%) and UTI(7.7%). The most common neurological complications were insomnia(34.6%) and dysphagia(23.7%). The most frequent serious medical problem was mental deterioration(7.7%). Conclusion : Complications after acute stroke are common. There were more medical complications than neurological complications. So we should compile much knowledge about medical complications and treat them actively. The differences between our study and previous studies are attributable to the different methods including patient selection and diagnostic criteria.