• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.135-143
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) relaxation technique (hold relax; HR, contract relax; CR) and static stretch (SS) on hamstring flexibility and vertical jump performance in healthy adults over a four-week period. Methods: Twenty-four healthy adults volunteered to participate in PNF and static stretch sessions. The subjects were divided into three groups as follows: 8 subjects in the SS group, 8 subjects in the HR group, and 8 subjects in the CR group. In the HR and CR groups, contractions lasted 15 seconds per trial and consisted of 5 sets of 15 seconds of hamstring contraction immediately followed by 15 seconds of passive static hamstring stretching. For the static group, the participants were asked to stretch by hanging a leg over a table for 30 seconds. Subjects in all groups performed the exercises three days per week for 4 weeks. The active straight leg raising (ASLR) test, active knee extension (AKE) test, and vertical jump test were performed before the intervention and after 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Results: The SS, HR, and CR techniques effected positive improvement in hamstring flexibility and vertical jump performances but neither of the stretching methods had any statistically significant different effects according to group, although there were interactions (between group and time) in the ALSR group from 1 week to 2 week and in the AKE test from pretest to 1 week. Conclusion: Based on the results of the current study, SS, HR, and CR were shown to affect hamstring flexibility and vertical jump performance in healthy adults. In particular, it was determined that within a short period, hamstring flexibility could be attributed more to CR than to SS.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.77-85
• /
• 2021

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the changes in muscle strength and walking ability in patients who complained of knee instability due to excessive pronation of the foot. METHODS: Twenty patients (ten men and ten women) who complained of instability of the knee joint due to excessive pronation of the foot participated in the experiment. In the experimental group, the internal rotation of the tibia caused by excessive adduction of the foot was maintained as external rotation, and the joint state was to recognize the movement of the joint position changed through maintenance of the muscle. This exercise was performed five times for each patient, and the muscle strength maintenance was performed for 20 seconds. In the control group, stretching and range of motion (ROM) exercises were performed. For the stretching exercise, one specific motion was performed for 20 second, and the ROM exercise was performed to confirm the change in muscle strength in the knee joint area and walking ability. RESULTS: The knee flexion and extension strength in the patients with excessive pronation of the foot differed significantly from those in the subjects from the control group (p<.05). Further, the before-after comparison of the step time and length in the evaluation of walking ability, which affects overall postural movement due to knee joint instability, revealed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p<.05). CONCLUSION: The patients that were subjected to manual therapy and ROM exercise for the knee joint showed improved knee joint muscle strength and walking ability compared to the subjects from the control group.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.43-55
• /
• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of contract relaxation and a combination of isotonics in proprioceptive neuromucular facilitation (PNF) on hip and lumbopelvic motions of male patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: As the subjects of this study, a total of 45 male patients with chronic low back pain were divided into groups: 15 who underwent contract relaxation (CR) of the PNF of their hip joints, 15 who underwent a combination of isotonics (CI) of the PNF, and 15 who underwent both techniques. A device for analyzing three-dimensional motion was used to measure hip medial rotation angles, lumbopelvic rotation angles, and hip medial rotation angles at the start of lumbopelvic rotation during hip medial rotation. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the average values. Results: There were interactions in the hip medial rotation angles, lumbopelvic rotation angles and hip medial rotation angles at the start of lumbopelvic rotation based on the methods and periods of exercise (p < 0.05). The CR and the CR+CI groups displayed more increased hip medial angles when compared to the CI group. The CR+CI group had more decreased lumbopelvic rotation angles when compared to the CR and the CI groups. The CR+CI group had more increased hip medial rotation angles at the start of lumbopelvic rotation when compared to the CR and the CI groups. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the combination of stretching and stability exercises was effective in male patients with chronic low back pain who showed limited hip medial rotation.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.232-248
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and apply a motivation-strengthening obesity management program for obese subjects with visual impairment and evaluate its effects. Methods: The program development and evaluation periods were from March to August 2018. The study design was an experimental study of non-equality, control repeat design. 25 subjects in the experimental group participated in the 12-week obesity management program and the 26 people in the control group did not. Results: The motivation-strengthening obesity management program included stretching exercises for 30 minutes in the morning five times a week. In addition, counseling, education, and group discussions were continued once a week for motivational strengthening. Special custom exercises for blind patients were also completed once a week simultaneously. Both of these activities were continued for 50 minutes a week for a total of 12 weeks. Measurements were recorded periodically to identify the sustained effects of the program. The obese subjects with visual impairment improved their knowledge of obesity, perceived disability, self-efficacy of exercise, and quality of life related to obesity through the motivational obesity management program. Waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting blood sugar were also improved in obese subjects. Conclusion: The study findings indicate that this program could be an active intervention for the control of weight gain in participants with visual impairment. Therefore, the motivation-strengthening program based on the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation& Evaluation) model could be an effective strategy for better health outcomes of obese subjects with visual impairment.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.91-121
• /
• 1997

These days many p대ple are disterbed from eyestrain and the number is on the increase. So, through the oriental and occidental books I studied pysical and breathing exercises to help overcome eyestrain. The result were as follows; 1. The most common way is to close your eyes and rub them with warm palms. Then press or rub your eyeballs simultaneously. 2. There are two ways to exercise the eyeball by itself. One way is by looking at only one spot and the other way is to look four ways-first up, down, left and right-and then rotate right and left. 3. There are many different opinions that of the degree of strenth to be used in pressing the eyeball. I came to the conclusion that if we want to relex the eyeball, you must press it gently but to strenthen it, you must press it hard. 4. This method is a common way to press orbit or acupuncture points of the peripheral eyeball. For example B-1(晴明), S-2(四白), B-2(찬죽), Tae-Yang(太陽), TE-23(絲竹空), etc. 5. Since eyestrain is related to the whole body, it is known that you can relex your whole body by pressing the acupuncture points located in the head and posteriores cerviicis or by stretching the upper half of the body. 6. The best time to pratice is early in the morning or when you feel eyestrain. But I couldn't find a consistent on breathing method or the amount of time to practice.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2007

The objective of this study was to discover the effects of the short-term home visiting physical therapy program involving patients with some chronic brain disorders at Gimhae City, Kyongnam. Recovery of activities of daily living (ADL) is a very important factor of rehabilitative procedures, and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) is a useful standard of evaluation for it. The FIM is widely used in brain disorder research because it measures real functional activities of daily living. We applied the physical therapy exercise program twice per week (10~15 times repeatedly); a warm-up and cool down exercise performed every ten minutes by active & active-assistive ROM and stretching exercises. Main exercises were composed of getting up & laying down in bed, standing training, walking exercise in the room, and window or wall sliding exercise using affected upper limbs for a total duration of 30 minutes. We collected the data from 20 patients with chronic brain disorders at his/her home and analyzed by means of SPSS/PC+ program (Ver. 10.0). After the six week long physical therapy exercise program, the average was $56.10{\pm}22.59$ point compared with initial $50.55{\pm}19.12$ point by FIM, improved functional ADL ability about 5.55 point, and these changed scores were statistically significant (p=.000). We also studied another factor regarding patient's satisfaction. The majority of subjects (10 people) rated the program with the maximum score of ten points (50.0%), and three people rated it a seven point program (15.0%), the other two subjects gave a rating of nine and eight points (10.0%). Because the program was effective at improving the physical ADL ability and satisfaction of each subject, we suggest continual development and implementation of a home visiting physical therapy program. Further study should involve a longer period of observation with a larger population that is involved in an individually designed home physical therapy program.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.233-241
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of exercising on a stable and unstable surface for a period of six weeks on the arms of female university students in their twenties. Methods: The subjects consisted of 20 female university students. The experimental group consisted of ten individuals who exercised on an unstable surface, and the control group consisted of ten individuals who exercised on a stable surface. The exercise program was composed of aerobic exercises (i.e. Back and forth movements for clapping and raising cross with both arms) and muscle-strengthening exercises (i.e. Push-ups and raising arms). We measured the subjects before the experiment and after the exercise program using the following measurements tool: a ruler and T-scan plus. The same person measured changes in arm size with a ruler three times and calculated the average to minimize any errors in measurement. We controlled the subjects to measure the amount of arm muscle with a T-scan plus. Twelve hours before the measurements were taken subjects were not permitted to exercise, and four hours before the measurements were taken subjects were not permitted to eat anything. Results: The two groups had no significant difference, but each group felt the effect of the exercise program. Conclusion: There was no difference between the experimental group and the control group. However, it was determined that the exercise had a greater effect on an unstable surface than a stable surface.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.29-40
• /
• 2022

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of an exercise program for the thoracic spine and scapula rather than the neck, which is the primary site of pain. METHODS: Thirty-two elementary school teachers with a forward head posture (FHP) were assigned randomly to either the experimental group (n = 16) or the control group (n = 16). The experimental group performed scapular stabilization exercise (SSE) and thoracic extension exercise (TEE), and the control group performed cervical self-myofascial release exercise and stretching exercise. The pulmonary functions, pain, craniovertebral angle (CVA), and cervical range of motion (CROM) were measured before the intervention and six weeks after. RESULTS: The within-group comparisons showed that the VAS and CROM (except for extension) in both groups were significantly different before and after the intervention (p < .05). The changes in the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at 1 sec (FEV1), and CVA were significant only in the experimental group (p < .05). The between-group comparisons showed a significant difference in the FVC, FEV1, VAS, CVA, and left lateral flexion (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The combination of SSE and TEE in the experimental group was more effective in improving the FHP and breathing ability. Moreover, the experimental group and control combination appeared to be effective in reducing pain and improving the CROM. The combination of SSE and TEE, which are exercises that do not target the cervical spine directly, was effective in improving the posture, respiration, neck pain, and CROM in elementary school teachers with FHP.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.28-36
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the increasing ankle range motion program on ambulation and balance for the elderly with balance disorder. Eighteen elderly subjects were administered with a timed test twice; approximately 4 weeks apart. The exercise group participated in a fall prevention exercise class at the Y.S. Senior Welfare Center of the Seoul Metropolitan Government. The session consisted of a stationary cycle, static stretching ankle joints, balance boards, and progressive resistive exercises using the Thera-band. The results were as follows: Firstly, the increasing ankle range of motion program was effective on the exercise group. Gait-speed was improved (p<.005). Secondly, balance was significantly improved (p<.000). Thirdly, increasing ankle range of motion program was effective in ankle dorsiflexion which was the major risk factor for falls among the elderly. Differences in gait and balance between the groups were examined using a paired t-test (p<.05). The exercise group demonstrated significantly higher values of gait-speed, ankle range of motion, and balance when compared with the non-exercise group. The results of this study suggest that the increasing ankle range of motion program is an effective intervention for the elderly with balance disorder.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2000

When standing, walking, or running for extended periods of time, fatigue occurs in the legs. Although there are many ways, to release tense or fatigued leg muscles, in the case that there is insufficient time to relax, an easy way to release leg fatigue is using an inclined step (about 3 minutes). This method was more effective than performing stretching exercises as studied. An experiment was conducted on a golf course in the Kangwon province in Korea. Subjects were chosen randomly and consisted of 5 females and 4 males golf caddies. Their main tasks consisted of pulling golf carts to the bottom of a hill for 8 to 10 hours and sometimes lifting and lowering golf clubs during the duration of one day. EMG was measured after work and after using the previously mentioned inclined Steps for the lower legs using ME3000P. This study investigated the types of inclined Steps which would be most effective and appropriate for golf caddies, whether sex difference had any influence existed between male and female workers. The results showed that a step with a $20^{\circ}$ angle was most effective for males and a step with a $25^{\circ}$ angle was most effective for females. Females showed faster recovery from fatigue than males. However, there were no statistical significance between males and females.