• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2020

Background: This study examined the effects of myofascial release exercise using an inflatable compression therapy ball on spinal flexibility in adults to present basic data to improve spinal flexibility. Methods: The participants were assigned randomly to two groups: the myofascial release exercise group (MRE, n=60) and the stretching exercise group (SE, n=60). The MRE group performed myofascial release exercise for the erector spine muscles using an inflatable compression therapy ball. The SE group performed stretching exercises of the erector spine muscles. Each exercise was performed in 3 sets of 10 repetition daily for one week. Results: The within-group comparison revealed a statistically significant difference between the pre-intervention and post-intervention measurements in only MRE group (p<.05). On the other hand, the between-group comparison revealed the MRE group to show statistically significant improvement in spinal flexibility (p<.05). In effect size, the MRE group was -1.82 (95% CI= -2.24~-1.39), and the SE group was -.7 (95% CI= -1.15~-.41). Conclusion: Myofascial release exercise for the erector spine muscles using an inflatable compression therapy ball was more effective in improving spinal flexibility than stretching exercises for the erector spinae muscles. However, although myofascial release exercise using inflatable compression therapy ball is more effective than stretching exercise, it is insignificant, and research is also insignificant. It is believed that more diverse studies using props will be needed in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 2022

PURPOSE: This study compared the effects of proprioceptive sensation, subacromial space, and dynamic function according to proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), static stretching (SS), and complex rotational stretching (CRS). METHODS: Thirty students without any musculoskeletal disease who volunteered to participate were included in this study. The following metrics were measured to evaluate the function and stability under the normal conditions, with the PNF, SS, and CRS: special test and flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation (shoulder range of motion) and reaching distance on the medial (ME), superolateral (SL), inferolateral (IL), and subacromial space and proprioceptive sensation were evaluated. All measures were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and repeated measures of ANOVA. RESULTS: A clear difference in adduction in the range of motion was observed in all groups (p < .05). Significant differences could not be identified in all values in the error test, except for Ab (p < .05). Significant differences in reach were noted in all directions of the SS and PNF in the Me, SL, and IL (p < .05). After the intervention, significant differences in the average values could be identified in all groups except for the SS group after rest (p < .05). After the intervention, there was a significant difference between the CRS and SS and PNF groups (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The application of CRS is as helpful as the existing SS and PNF for improving the joint range of motion improvement, shoulder balance, and subacromial space.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2023

Background: Posterior capsule tightness (PCT), commonly seen in overhead athletes, is a soft tissue adaptation that is also noted in non-throwers. PCT is associated with scapular and humeral kinematic alterations, significant restriction of shoulder internal rotation (IR) range of motion (ROM), and significant scapular anterior tilting. Sleeper and cross-body stretches (CBS) are suggested for PCT and IR deficits, and have been modified since introduction. A novel modified sleeper stretch (NMSS) was designed in this study to prevent the risk of anterior translation of the humeral head. Though the effects of posterior shoulder stretching exercise have been widely studies, to the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have investigated the effectiveness of posterior shoulder exercises in decreasing scapular anterior tilting. Objects: To compare the immediate effects of two posterior shoulder stretching exercises (NMSS and CBS) on scapular anterior tilting and shoulder IR ROM. Methods: Thirty-two subjects with anteriorly tilted scapula and IR deficits [mean age: 24.3 ± 2.5 years; 15 males and 17 females] participated in this study. Subjects were randomly assigned to either the NMSS or CBS groups. Scapular anterior tilting (at rest and at shoulder 60° active IR) and shoulder IR ROM were measured before and immediately after intervention. Results: Scapular anterior tilting significantly decreased, while the shoulder IR ROM significantly increased in both groups. However, there was no significant group-by-time interaction effect or significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: Both stretching exercises were effective in restoring shoulder IR ROM and decreasing scapular anterior tilting.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 2024

PURPOSE: This study compared the effect of the muscle energy technique (MET) and stretching technique on ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion, balance, and gait ability of stroke patients with limited ankle dorsiflexion. METHODS: Forty-four post-stroke patients participated. The participants were randomized into the MET group (METG; n = 22) and the stretching group (STG; n = 22). The METG was subjected to the MET to relax the dorsiflexion, while the STG was subjected to the dorsiflexion stretching technique. Both groups completed standard neurological physical therapy for 30 min per session. The intervention was conducted five times a week over 3 weeks for a total of 15 times. All participants underwent ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion measurement and Berg Balance Scale score determination and completed a 10-m walking test and the timed up and go test before and after the intervention. RESULTS: After the 3-week intervention, both groups showed significant improvement after the intervention (p < .05). METG participants showed greater improvements in ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion and 10-m walking test results compared to STG participants (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Both interventions improved ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion, balance, and gait ability in stroke patients with limited ankle dorsiflexion. Moreover, the MET was superior to ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion on the 10-m walking test.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2002

Microporous polypropylene hollow fiber membrane was fabricated from isotactic polypropylene-soybean oil system by melt spinning process. Addition of nucleating agent accelerated the crystallization rate and elevated the crystallization temperature. Nucleating agent increased the number of nuclei and spherulites, which offered more inter-spherulitic amorphous sites for stretching. Benzoic acid, adipic acid, and dibenzylidene sorbitol were selected as nucleating agents, and their characteristics and effects were investigated by thermal and optical analyses. Spherulite growth and micropore formation characteristics were correlated with the kind of nucleating agent. Benzoic acid and adipic acid showed the remarkable nucleating effect, while dibenzylidene sorbitol was less effective than those. Nucleating agents also helped the sample have uniform microporous structure. Increase of nucleating agent composition enhanced the nucleation effect to some extent. Nucleating agents played very important roles in enhancing the membrane porosity and water flux.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.627-631
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• 1992

A simple one dimensional model was proposed to describe a hydrogen bonding in crystals, which was based on the Lippincott's empirical potential. The model was used to calculate internal stretching vibrational frequencies of $NH_4I$ crystal at high pressures. The calculated results were in agreement with Raman experimental results qualitatively. At relatively lower high pressures, as pressure increases internal stretching vibrational frequencies shift lower due to increase of the hydrogen bonding effect. At higher pressures, the frequencies shift higher due to the repulsive contribution of interatomic potential induced by the reduction of interatomic distance as pressure increases.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.557-572
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• 2018

In this paper, a refined higher-order shear deformation theory including the stretching effect is developed for the analysis of bending analysis of the simply supported functionally graded (FG) sandwich plates resting on elastic foundation. This theory has only five unknowns, which is even less than the other shear and normal deformation theories. The theory presented is variationally consistent, without the shear correction factor. The present one has a new displacement field which introduces undetermined integral variables. Equations of motion are obtained by utilizing the Hamilton's principles and solved via Navier's procedure. The convergence and the validation of the proposed theoretical numerical model are performed to demonstrate the efficacy of the model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.341-344
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• 2008

In order to study the effect of shot blasting condition on the formability of thin high strength steels, specimens were made by changing line speed of a commercial shot blasting plant with maintaining constant impeller condition. Surface roughness of prepared specimens was multiplied by lowering line speed or increasing density of shot impact. Formability was reduced as increasing shot impact. The elongation and stretching formability of shot blasted sheet were decreased by about 10% compared to original sheet. More significant decrease in bending formability was observed after shot blasting. This might be due to the concentrated impact near the surface where major strain occurs during bending process.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.213-223
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• 2019

For the first time, longitudinal and transverse wave propagation of triclinic nanobeam is investigated via a size-dependent shear deformation theory including stretching effect. Furthermore, the influence of initial stress is studied. To consider the size-dependent effects, the nonlocal strain gradient theory is used in which two small scale parameters predict the behavior of wave propagation more accurately. The Hamiltonian principle is adopted to obtain the governing equations of wave motion, then an analytic technique is applied to solve the problem. It is demonstrated that the wave characteristics of the nanobeam rely on the wave number, nonlocal parameter, strain gradient parameter, initial stress, and elastic foundation. From this paper, it is concluded that the results of wave dispersion in isotropic and anisotropic nanobeams are almost the same in the presented case study. So, in this case, triclinic nanobeam can be approximated with isotropic model.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.241-249
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cervical stretching program on neck pain, fatigue and range of motion caused by overuse of smartphone. Methods: We treated stretching program to measure the pain, fatigue, and range of motion of the neck before and after cervical stretching program for experiment group (n=25), control group(n=27) nursing college students using the smartphone. The general characteristics of the subjects and the range of neck pain, fatigue, and cervical range of motion were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of the cervical stretching program for neck pain, fatigue, and range of motion of the neck were analyzed using independent t-test. Results: After cervical stretching program, the pain of the neck(t=2.86, p=.006), fatigue(t=5.44, p<.001). flexion(t=-2.10, p=.041), extension(t=-2.84, p=.006), right lateral flexion(t=-2.4, p=.047), left lateral flexion(t=-2.05, p=0.46) and right rotation(t=-4.48, p<.001), left rotation(t=-3.38, p=.001) range of rotation were improved. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that a cervical stretching program can be used as an effective intervention for health problems in musculoskeletal disorders due to smartphone overuse.