• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2009

아파트는 우리나라 주거의 반수이상이 공급되어 있으며, 가장 선호하는 주거유형으로 자리매김 되고 있다. 이처럼 주거의 대부분을 차지하고 있는 아파트 내부공간이 최근에는 트렌드 차별차로 다양한 변화를 자랑하고 있지만 기본적인 법적 요구공간과 설계치수만을 적용하고 있는 상황이다. 주거에서 가장 중요한 의미는 가족이 단란하게 생활하는 공간이며 사회생활의 긴장을 완화시키는 기능이라 할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 주거공간은 가족 구성원간 상호작용과 자아정체감을 갖는데 영향을 주고 있으며 공간의 기본조건 중 능률성은 동선과 사용공간, 가전제품, 가구치수는 주거공간의 면적과 칫수에 영향을 미치고 있다. 아파트의 내부공간구조 자체가 서구에서 도입된 형태로 우리나라의 신체적 치수적용에 부조화를 초래하였으며 최근에는 다시 인체치수의 변화로 이와 관련하여 대한 건축계획에서도 적절한 주거공간의 구성을 위한 인체공학적 적합성에 근거한 주거공간 계획 기준을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.52-58
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• 1996

In order to study an applicable level for the graft finish of silk filaments and the characteristics of silk fabric, some sample fabrics were woven with grafted weft and the characteristics of sample fabrics were analyzed to evaluate the mechanical properites and the handle values according to the graft yield(%) of MMA and HEMA monomers on silk filaments. 1. The tensile properties were detected in the increase of linearity(LT) and the recovery in time of the increasing resilience(RT). 2. The bending properties were detected to have a lot of effect on the balance of bending rigidity(B) to hysteresis(2HB) according to the elastic relaxation of warp tension and the interlacing stress. 3. The shearing properities were detected to show the softness and the elastics in a case of the decrease in shearing rigidity(G) and hysteresis(2HG, 2HG5) according to the graft yields. 4. The compression properties were detected in the decrease of linearity(LC) and the uniformity of resilience(RC). It explains that the tendancies of compressible variation is not accepted. 5. The surface properities were detected to be affected by the surface forms of grafted silk filaments and the variation in the morphologies of interlacing sections. Considering the interlacing eveness, MMA grafted fabrics were accepted within the level of WOMEN'S THIN DRESS(KN-201-LDY) but HEMA grafted fabrics were not accepted. 6. The variation of handles were detected in the increase of total hand(TAV) within the levels of 65% of KOSHI and 82% of HARI on the average. 7. The handle fashions were detected in the nature of Habuta and Dechine from MAA graft but the nature of Fugi were shaped from HEMA graft in proportion to the graft yields.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2010년도 제39회 하계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.233-233
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• 2010

CdS thin films were deposited on glass substrates by R.F. magnetron sputtering method and some of the samples were treated by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process. Effects of thermal annealing on structural and optical properties were investigated at different temperatures ranging from 100 to $600^{\circ}C$. The crystallographic structure of the films and the size of the crystallites in the films were studied by X-ray diffraction. The crystallite sizes were found to increase, and the X-ray diffraction patterns were seen to sharpen by annealing. Optical properties of the films were calculated using the envelope method and the photoluminescence measurements. The optical properties of the films were seen to be dependent on the film thicknesses. The energy gap of the films was found to decrease by annealing. The band edge sharpness of the optical absorption was seen to oscillate by thermal annealing. Annealing over $400^{\circ}C$ was seen to degrade the optical properties of the film. The best annealing temperature for the films was found to be $400^{\circ}C$ from the optical properties. It is observed that the CdS film annealed at $400^{\circ}C$ reveals the strongest UV emission intensity and narrowest full width at half maximum among the temperature ranges studied. The enhanced UV emission from the film annealed at $400^{\circ}C$ is attributed to the improved crystalline quality of CdS thin film due to the effective relaxation of residual compressive stress and achieving maximum grain size. The results show that heat treatments under optimal annealing condition can provide significant improvements in the properties of CdS thin films.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 분자량이 다른 순수 천연고무 용융체와 다양한 유형의 카본블랙을 혼합한 배합고무 용융체의 탄성반응을 조사하였다. 또한 카본블랙과 고무 분자와의 상호작용과 이들 탄성반응이 갖는 상관성을 규명키 위해 입자의 크기와 구조가 다른 카본블랙을 대상으로 결합고무를 측정하였다. 카본블랙의 함량이 증가할수록 결합고무는 증가하였고 특히 카본블랙 입자의 크기가 작아 비표면적이 넓고 구조가 발달될수록 증가하였다. 카본블랙을 혼합한 배합고무 용융체의 탄성반응은 순수고무 경우에 비해 크게 향상되었으며 특히 결합고무가 큰 경우에 보다 현저하였다. 순수고무 용융체의 분자량이 증가할수록, 그리고 고무에 혼합된 카본블랙 입자의 크기가 작을수록 응력이완 거동은 지연되었으며 복원거동은 보다 탄성적으로 변하였다. 영구변형 거동에 있어서는 고무 분자량이 감소하고 카본블랙 입자 크기가 증가할수록 그 변형정도가 커졌다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2019

Intermittent CSR 측정법을 이용하여 NBR 오링의 노화 거동과 수명 예측에 관하여 연구하였다. Intermittent CSR jig는 오링의 실제 사용 환경을 고려하여 설계 제작하였다. 오링의 노화 거동은 $40{\sim}120^{\circ}C$에서의 가속 노화 연구를 통하여 관찰하였다. 오링은 $80^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 비선형 노화 거동을 나타내었다. 오링의 수명은 고장 조건 20%에 대하여 Arrhenius plot으로부터 32.5년, WLF plot으로 부터 22.6년으로 나타났다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2021

이 연구에서는 에폭시 수지에 포함된 나노 실리카 입자의 농도가 재료의 열/기계적 물성에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보았다. 약 12 nm 크기의 나노 입자를 에폭시 수지에 다섯가지 무게비로 섞은 나노복합소재를 제작하였다. DMA와 TMA 방법을 이용하여 유리전이온도, 응력이완, 열팽창 거동을 측정하였다. 이를 통해 나노입자가 재료의 점탄성 거동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 보였다. 실리카 입자의 함량이 증가할수록 순수 에폭시 재료 대비 탄성 물성은 증가하였고, 유리전이온도는 감소하였다. FTIR 결과는 분자구조의 관점에서 충진제 함량에 따른 물성변화의 원인을 찾고 나노입자가 에폭시 분자 구조에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 규명하는데 중요한 역할을 하였다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.224-231
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• 2021

Recently, the waterproofing performance of high-voltage connectors in automotive vehicles has attracted increased interest. In this study, an optimal cross-sectional shape was derived to obtain uniform contact pressure and strain by considering stress relaxation problems caused by initial tension when mounting a seal. A high strain of 52.1 was distributed in the round region, owing to excessive initial tension. The finite element method (FEM) analysis indicated that the strain corresponding to the optimal initial tensile was 11. We adopted six design factors to optimize the seal cross-section and three factors as the main design factors. An orthogonal arrangement table was prepared using Minitab. FEM analyses of 16 study models were conducted to determine the optimized model. The contact pressure of the optimization model is the most evenly distributed while satisfying the waterproof performance of 0.47 MPa. Compared to the initial model, the difference in strain decreases from 35.5% to 19.6%. Finally, the derived cross-sectional shape can reduce the strain of the round region by 33.8% and the differences in the contact pressure at the upper and lower surfaces by 42% and 76%, respectively.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2022

Purpose : Kegel exercises reported that it is effective in managing stress-related or complex urinary incontinence through contraction and relaxation of the pelvic floor muscles. In many previous studies, it was confirmed that Kegel exercise is involved in respiration as well as urinary system diseases. However, there is a lack of research on the effect of pelvic setting when performing Kegel exercises. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect on maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) and abdominal muscle thickness through Kegel exercise after lumbar-pelvic motor control using pressure biofeedback unit (PBU). Methods : The subjects of this study were 10 healthy female students in their 20s. Subjects measured MVV with a spirometer. In hooklying, external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis of the dominant hand were measured using ultrasound. The measured value was an average of three times. After one week of intervention, measurements were made in the same manner. Before Kegel exercise, pelvic setting training was performed using PBU. In hooklying, PBU was placed in the waist and set to 40 mmHg, and it was adjusted to 60 mmHg through pelvic muscle contraction. For Kegel exercise, the pelvis was first set using PBU, and then the pelvic floor muscles were contracted for 8 seconds and relaxed for 8 seconds, 10 times, 1 set, and 3 sets. Results : In MVV, a significant difference was confirmed after exercise than before exercise (p<.05). There was also a significant difference in abdominal muscle thickness before and after exercise (p<.05). Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, Kegel exercise using PBU had an effect on MVV and abdominal muscle thickness. However, since this study was conducted without a control group as a preliminary study, additional research should be conducted to supplement this.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2021

Background: To evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes of bony increased offset-reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (BIO-RSA) in the Asian population at mid-term follow-up. Methods: From June 2012 to August 2017 at a single center, 43 patients underwent BIO-RSA, and 38 patients with minimum 2 years follow-up were enrolled. We evaluated the clinical and radiological outcomes, and complications at the last follow-up. In addition, we divided these patients into notching and no-notching groups and compared the demographics, preoperative, and postoperative characteristics of patients. Results: Visual analogue scale, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, University of California-Los Angeles Shoulder Scale, and Simple Shoulder Test scores improved significantly from preoperative (5.00, 3.93, 1.72, 3.94) to postoperative (1.72, 78.91, 28.34, 7.66) (p<0.05) outcomes. All range of motion except internal rotation improved significantly at the final follow-up (p<0.05), and the bone graft was well-incorporated with the native glenoid in all patients (100%). However, scapular notching was observed in 20 of 38 patients (53%). In the comparison between notching and no-notching groups (18 vs. 20 patients), there were no significant differences in demographics, radiological parameters, and clinical outcomes except acromion-greater tuberosity (AT) distance (p=0.003). Intraoperative complications included three metaphyseal fractures and one inferior screw malposition. Postoperative complications included ectopic ossification, scapular neck stress fracture, humeral stem relaxation, and late infection in one case each. Conclusions: BIO-RSA showed improved clinical outcomes at mid-term follow-up in Asian population. However, we observed higher scapular notching compared to the previous studies. In addition, adequate glenoid lateralization with appropriate humeral lengthening (AT distance) might reduce scapular notching.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the force delivery profile of thermoformed aligners (TFA) compared with direct-printed aligners (DPA) and to explore the effect of different activation amounts on forces and moments of respective groups. A secondary objective is to observe the amount of stress relaxation that occurs over the 7~14 days when aligners are maintained in a simulated intraoral environment. Materials and Methods: An in vitro setup was created to quantify forces and moments. It consisted of a three dimensional-printed base plate and segmented maxillary teeth, placed in a semi-enclosed chamber to maintain a temperature of 37℃. Ninety clear aligners were divided into nine groups of ten aligners each based on material types (Zendura, ATMOS, TC-85) and activation amounts. Aligners were created with 0.00, 0.25- and 0.50-mm activations for lingual bodily movement of the upper left central incisor and kept on models in the "stressed" position in a 37℃ water bath. Three force components acting on the upper left lateral incisor, upper left central incisor, and upper right central incisor were measured for each time point, beginning from the initial baseline measurement, 8 hours, 16 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, and lastly, 14 days. Result: TC-85 aligners in every activation group showed less force on teeth than Zendura and ATMOS. Significant force levels from 0.0 mm activation were present and stayed consistent over the course of 14 days. Comparisons made for baseline measurements to 7-days and 14-days showed statistically significant change from the baseline force level. Conclusion: TC-85 aligners demonstrated lower, more consistent forces with fewer side effects. Aligners can generate forces even when no activation is programmed. No major decreases in force levels over time were observed; the intra-oral clinical simulated environment and length of observation time could contribute to this.