• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.4 s.62
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• pp.129-138
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• 2005

Until the early part of the 1990s, interior design has never been thought important by car makers. Repeated attempts have been made to systemize a technical structure, such as layout, driving method, and size, and the car's interior design has been developed by in simple comparison with the exterior design. In the 1990s, however, this trend began to change because consumers began spending more time in their cars, so the motive of the technology development became that of giving comfort and functional satisfaction to the customers. Observing how a person spends inside his or her car and considering the latest trends in car interiors have made a consumer-oriented sense of value i.e., intensifying the personality of the car's interior design and considering the emotional makeup of the consumer factor in the acquisition of a strategic brand identity. These days, car interiors assume a new concept every year due to the constant change in various factors, and the application of a high-tech design, with a sensing function and a navigation system, to achieve driverless running, is being raised as a key trend element technology for the future. Now, at the present when multilateral concept applications of design are attempted under the direct influences from other fields such as product design, fashion and furniture, I would like to lay stress on investigating and analysing the changes in car interior design varying with the background of the times and formative characteristics from the object point of view. On this study, I would like to compare the background of the times and flow of car interior design with priority given to crash pad and would like to attempt to present the direction of the future car interior design together with diversifying major technical factors.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.12 no.3 s.36
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• pp.187-196
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• 2005

MEMS devices such as a vibratory gyroscope often suffer from a lower yield rate due to fabrication errors and the external stress. In the decoupled vibratory gyroscope, the main factor that determines the yield rate is the frequency difference between the sensing and driving modes. The gyroscope, fabricated with SOI (Silicon-On-Insulator) wafer and packaged using the anodic bonding, has a large wafer bowing caused by thermal expansion mismatch as well as non-uniform surfaces of the structures caused by the notching effect. These effects result in large distribution in the frequency difference, and thereby a lower yield rate. To improve the yield rate we propose a packaged SiOG (Silicon On Glass) technology. It uses a silicon wafer and two glass wafers to minimize the wafer bowing and a metallic membrane to avoid the notching. In the packaged SiOG gyroscope, the notching effect is eliminated and the warpage of the wafer is greatly reduced. Consequently the frequency difference is more uniformly distributed and its variation is greatly improved. Therefore we can achieve a more robust vibratory MEMS gyroscope with a higher yield rate.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.174-181
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• 2011

An airborne sensor is developed for remote sensing on an aerial vehicle (UV). The sensor is an optical payload for an eletro-optical/infrared (EO/IR) dual band camera that combines visible and IR imaging capabilities in a compact and lightweight package. It adopts a Ritchey-Chr$\'{e}$tien telescope for the common front end optics with several relay optics that divide and deliver EO and IR bands to a charge-coupled-device (CCD) and an IR detector, respectively. The EO/IR camera for dual bands is mounted on a two-axis gimbal that provides stabilized imaging and precision pointing in both the along and cross-track directions. We first investigate the mechanical deformations, displacements and stress of the EO/IR camera through finite element analysis (FEA) for five cases: three gravitational effects and two thermal conditions. For investigating gravitational effects, one gravitational acceleration (1 g) is given along each of the +x, +y and +z directions. The two thermal conditions are the overall temperature change to $30^{\circ}C$ from $20^{\circ}C$ and the temperature gradient across the primary mirror pupil from $-5^{\circ}C$ to $+5^{\circ}C$. Optical performance, represented by the modulation transfer function (MTF), is then predicted by integrating the FEA results into optics design/analysis software. This analysis shows the IR channel can sustain imaging performance as good as designed, i.e., MTF 38% at 13 line-pairs-per-mm (lpm), with refocus capability. Similarly, the EO channel can keep the designed performance (MTF 73% at 27.3 lpm) except in the case of the overall temperature change, in which the EO channel experiences slight performance degradation (MTF 16% drop) for $20^{\circ}C$ overall temperate change.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.9
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• pp.681-692
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• 2021

Vegetation processes have a significant impact on rainfall runoff processes through evapotranspiration control, but are rarely considered in the conceptual lumped hydrological model. This study evaluated the model performance of the Hapcheon Dam watershed by integrating the ecological module expressing the leaf area index data sensed remotely from the satellite into the hydrological partition module. The proposed eco-hydrological model has three main features to better represent the eco-hydrological process in humid regions. 1) The growth rate of vegetation is constrained by water shortage stress in the watershed. 2) The maximum growth of vegetation is limited by the energy of the watershed climate. 3) The interaction of vegetation and aquifers is reflected. The proposed model simultaneously simulates hydrologic components and vegetation dynamics of watershed scale. The following findings were found from the validation results using the model parameters estimated by the SCEM algorithm. 1) Estimating the parameters of the eco-hydrological model using the leaf area index and streamflow data can predict the streamflow with similar accuracy and robustness to the hydrological model without the ecological module. 2) Using the remotely sensed leaf area index without filtering as input data is not helpful in estimating streamflow. 3) The integrated eco-hydrological model can provide an excellent estimate of the seasonal variability of the leaf area index.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.82-88
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• 2021

Sun-induced fluorescence (SIF) retrieval using remote sensing technique has been used in an effort to understand the photosynthetic efficiency and stress condition of vegetation. Although optical devices and SIF retrieval methodologies were established in order to retrieve SIF, the SIF measurements are domestically sparse. SIF data of paddy rice w as measured in Naju, South Korea from June 10, 2020 to October 5, 2020. The SIFs based red (O2A) and far-red (O2B) w ere retrieved using a spectral fitting method and an improved Fraunhofer line depth, and photosynthetically active radiation was also produced. In addition, the SIF data was filtered considering solar zenith angle, saturation conditions, the rapid and sudden change of solar irradiance, and sun glint. The provided SIF data can help to understand a SIF product and the filtering method of SIF data can contribute to producing high-quality SIF data.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.954-961
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• 2010

Ground-based remote sensing can be used as one of the non-destructive, fast, and real-time diagnostic tools for quantifying yield, biomass, and nitrogen (N) stress during growing season. This study was conducted to assess biomass and nitrogen (N) status of paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants under N stress using passive and active ground-based remote sensors. Nitrogen application rates were 0, 70, 100, and 130 kg N $ha^{-1}$. At each growth stage, reflectance indices measured with active sensor showed higher correlation with DW, N uptake and N concentration than those with the passive sensor. NIR/Red and NIR/Amber indices measured with Crop Circle active sensors generally had a better correlation with dry weight (DW), N uptake and N content than vegetation indices from Crop Circle passive sensor and NDVIs from active sensors. Especially NIR/Red and NIR/amber ratios at the panicle initiation stage were most closely correlated with DW, N content, and N uptake. Rice grain yield, DW, N content and N uptake at harvest were highly positively correlated with canopy reflectance indices measured with active sensors at all sampling dates. N application rate explains about 91~92% of the variability in the SI calculated from NIR/Red or NIR/Amber indices measured with Crop Circle active sensors on 12 July. Therefore, the in-season sufficiency index (SI) by NIR/Red or NIR/Amber index from Crop Circle active sensors can be used for determination of N application rate.