• 폴리머
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2013

본 실험에서는, 양극산화 처리된 탄소섬유의 표면변화가 탄소섬유강화 복합재료의 기계적 계면특성을 통하여 살펴보았다. 양극산화 처리된 탄소섬유의 표면특성은 FTIR, XPS, 그리고 SEM을 통하여 알아보았다. 복합재료의 기계적 계면특성은 층간전단강도(interlarminar shear strength; ILSS)와 임계세기인자(critical stress intensity factor; $K_{IC}$) 그리고 임계변형속도에너지(critical strain energy release rate; $G_{IC}$)를 통하여 고찰하였다. 실험결과 양극산화에 의한 각각의 표면 처리된 탄소섬유는 표면특성의 변화를 가져오며, 복합재료의 ILSS, $K_{IC}$, 그리고 $G_{IC}$같은 기계적 계면특성은 탄소섬유의 양극산화를 통하여 향상되어진다. 전해질이 20% 황산/질산(3/1)일 때 다른 전해질보다 기계적 물성의 가장 큰 향상을 보였다. 이는 양극산화로 탄소섬유와 매트릭스 사이의 계면결합력의 향상때문이라 판단된다.

• Composites Research
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2002

다른 광섬유 센서와 마찬가지로 광섬유 브래그 격자센서도 삽입가능의 장점을 가진다. 삽입가능과 관련된 실제적 가티를 높이기 위해서 본 논문에서는 복합재 평판에 삽입된 브래그 격자센서의 안전성과 스펙트럼특성이 연구되었다. 피복광섬유와 피복이 벗겨진 광성유의 삽입 환경이 현미경 분석에 의해 수행되어졌고 이 현미경 사진들과 성형모니터링 (cure monitoring)의 결과를 기초하여, 저복굴절(Li-Bi) 광섬유에 새겨진 브래그 격자의 단일 브래그 조건을 붕괴하는 주원인이 성형 잔류음력임을 확인했고 이로 인해 광성유가 겪게 되는 응력/변형률 상태를 정략적으로 보고하였다. 또한 성형모니터링은 브래그 공진파장이 어떻 게 분리되어져 가는지 묘사하였고 횡응력 미감도 브래그 격자(TIG)가 재코팅 방법에 의해 쉽게 획득되어짐을 보였다. TIG는 실시간 신호 처리와 관련하여 중요만 장점으로 작용한다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.707-720
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• 2022

In the present work, bending and free vibration analyses of multilayered functionally graded (FG) graphene platelet (GPL) and fiber-reinforced hybrid composite beams are carried out using the parabolic function based shear deformation theory. Parabolic variation of transverse shear stress across the thickness of beam and transverse shear stress-free conditions at top and bottom surfaces of the beam are considered, and the proposed formulation incorporates a transverse displacement field. The present theory works only with four unknowns and is computationally efficient. Hamilton's principle has been employed for deriving the governing equations. Analytical solutions are obtained for both the bending and free vibration problems in the present work considering different variations of GPLs and fibers distribution, namely, FG-X, FG-U, FG-Λ, and FG-O for beams having simply-supported boundary condition. First, the matrix is assumed to be strengthened using GPLs, and then the fibers are embedded. Multiscale modeling for material properties of functionally graded graphene platelet/fiber hybrid composites (FG-GPL/FHRC) is performed using Halpin-Tsai micromechanical model. The study reveals that the distributions of GPLs and fibers have significant impacts on the stresses, deflections, and natural frequencies of the beam. The number of layers and shape factors widely affect the behavior of FG-GPL-FHRC beams. The multilayered FG-GPL-FHRC beams turn out to be a good approximation to the FG beams without exhibiting the stress-channeling effects.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.14-22
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• 2016

Pulping is a stage that can change fibrous raw materials into pumpable slurry. Recovered paper can be defibrated to individual fibers by shear stress generated by rotation of a rotor and water. Disintegration of recovered paper is more complicated than that of chemical pulp. When disintegration of recovered paper is poor, screening and cleaning efficiency will be worse and properties of paper will also be deteriorated. Therefore, pulping is an important treatment for improvement of availability of recovered paper and process runnability. In this study, degrees of disintegration of KOCC obtained from a linerboard mill was analyzed with a pilot-scale screen. Flake removal of KOCC slurry was performed by a pilot screen. Simple pumping action gave a positive effect on disintegration of KOCC. After pumping for 10 minutes, paper strength increased without the change of water retention value and fibrillation of KOCC slurry. This phenomena can be explained by modification of hornified surface of KOCC fibers by shear stress generated by pumping. Consequently, disintegration efficiency of KOCC can be enhanced by control of retention time at pulper or an agitation power at chests of papermaking process.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.295-322
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• 2013

Steel fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC) is a relatively new composite material which congregates the benefits of self-compacting concrete (SCC) technology with the profits derived from the fiber addition to a brittle cementitious matrix. Steel fibers improve many of the properties of SCC elements including tensile strength, toughness, energy absorption capacity and fracture toughness. Modification in the mix design of SCC may have a significant influence on the SFRSCC mechanical properties. Therefore, it is vital to investigate whether all of the assumed hypotheses for steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) are also valid for SFRSCC structures. Although available research regarding the influence of steel fibers on the properties of SFRSCC is limited, this paper investigates material's mechanical properties. The present study includes: a) evaluation and comparison of the current analytical models used for estimating the mechanical properties of SFRSCC and SFRC, b) proposing new relationships for SFRSCC mixtures mechanical properties. The investigated mechanical properties are based on the available experimental results and include: compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, strain at peak compressive strength, tensile strength, and compressive and tensile stress-strain curves.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.169-173
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• 2005

Low temperature plasma (LTP) treatment was applied to wool fabric with the use of a non-polymerizing gas, namely oxygen. After the LTP treatment, the fabric properties including low-stress mechanical properties, air permeability and thermal properties, were evaluated. The low-stress mechanical properties were evaluated by means of Kawabata Evaluation System Fabric (KES-F) revealing that the tensile, shearing, bending, compression and surface properties were altered after the LTP treatment. The changes in these properties are believed to be related closely to the inter-fiber and inter-yam frictional force induced by the LTP. The decrease in the air permeability of the LTP-treated wool fabric was found to be probably due to the plasma action effect on increasing in the fabric thickness and a change in fabric surface morphology. The change in the thermal properties of the LTP-treated wool fabric was in good agreement with the above findings and can be attributed to the amount of air trapped between the yams and fibers. This study suggested that the LTP treatment can influence the final properties of the wool fabric.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.151-165
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• 2023

In this study, a simple method for the determination of the shear correction factor for composites beam with a rectangular cross section is presented. The plane stress elasticity assumption is used after simplifications of the expression of the stress distribution in the beam. The different fiber orientation angle and volume fraction are considered in this work. The studied structure is subjected to various loading type (thermal and hygrothermal). The numerical results obtained show that there is a dependence of the shear coefficient on the orientation of the fibers. The evolution of the shear correction factors depends not only on the orientation of the fibers and also on the volume fraction and the environment. the advantage of this developed formula of the shear correction factor is to obtain more precise results and to consider several parameters influencing this factor which are neglected if the latter is constant.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.817-828
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• 2022

In this study, considering dissipated energy in fracture process zone (FPZ), a novel criterion based on maximum strain energy release rate (SER) for orthotropic materials is presented. General case of in-plane loading for cracks along the fibers is assumed. According to the experimental observations, crack propagation is supposed along the fibers and the reinforcement isotropic solid (RIS) concept is employed as a superior model for orthotropic materials. SER in crack initiation and propagation phases is investigated. Elastic properties of FPZ are extracted as a function of undamaged matrix media and micro-crack density. This criterion meaningfully links between dissipated energy due to toughening mechanisms of FPZ and the macroscopic fracture by defining stress intensity factors of the damaged zone. These coefficients are used in equations of maximum SER criterion. The effect of crack initiation angle and the damaged zone is considered simultaneously in this criterion and mode II stress intensity factor is extracted in terms of stress intensity factors of damage zone and crack initiation angle. This criterion can evaluate the effects of FPZ on the fracture behavior of orthotropic material. Good agreement between extracted fracture limit curves (FLC's) and available experimental data proves the ability of the new proposed criterion.

• Composites Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2010

이 논문의 목적은 경량 충진재와 하이브리드 섬유를 사용하여 경량성과 인장변형 성능이 우수한 섬유보강 고강도 경량 시멘트 복합체(HFSLCC)를 개발하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 마이크로역학과 다수의 미세균열이 발생하기 위한 조건인 안정상태 균열이론을 바탕으로 시멘트 매트릭스의 파괴 특성과 섬유-시멘트 매트릭스 경계 특성을 파악하여 사용재료 및 최적 혼입률을 결정하였으며, 섬유 종류와 양에 따라 4가지 배합을 결정하였다. 4가지 배합으로 제조한 실험체는 실험을 통하여 역학적 특성(직접인장, 압축강도, 단위질량)을 검증하였다. 검증 결과 4가지 배합으로 제조한 모든 섬유보강 고강도 경량 시멘트 복합체는 변형률 경화거동을 보였으며, 역학 성능은 평균 변형률 약 3.0%, 최대인장강도 약 4.2MPa, 단위질량 및 압축강도는 각각 약 $1,660kg/m^3$와 57MPa를 나타내었다. 또한 PVA섬유 1.0%와 PE섬유 0.5%를 혼입한 경우 섬유 사용량이 적으면서 2.0% 섬유가 혼입된 복합체와 유사한 성능을 나타내었다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2004

The projections from the dorsal raphe (DR) to the locus coeruleus (LC) or vice versa were analyzed in the rat using an anterograde tracer, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) combined with serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) or dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) immunostaining. Following the injection of PHA-L into the middle DR, DR-originating fibers with varicosities have contacted DBH-immunolabeled cells in the rostral, middle, and caudal LC. Axon terminals were also observed in the subcoeruleus nucleus. When the PHA-L injection was confined within the caudal DR, axonal fibers with varicosities were observed mainly at the rostral pole of the LC. Following the injection of PHA-L into the caudal, principal LC, labeled fibers with varicosities have contacted 5-HT-immunolabeled neurons at dorsomedial, ventromedial, lateral wing, and caudal sub-divisions of the DR. The present anterograde study suggests that the DR or the LC nuclei communicate with each other in order to perform a variety of functions including vigilance, analgesia, and stress responses.