• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2020

Objective: The strong antioxidant activity of Commiphora mukul prompted us to conduct the present study to explore whether treatment with C. mukul extract (CME) would have any protective influence on sperm parameters, testosterone levels, and plasma glucose levels in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, control animals treated with CME, diabetic animals, and diabetic animals treated with CME. CME extract (300 mg/kg) was administered for 60 days by daily gavage. Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg STZ. The epididymal sperm count, weight, motility, morphology, viability, and serum testosterone and glucose levels were determined. Results: In the diabetic animals, CME decreased blood glucose levels (p< 0.05), increased the total sperm count (p< 0.05), and decreased the proportion of sperm with abnormal morphology (p< 0.05). Diabetes reduced sperm motility (p< 0.001), and CME supplementation partially reversed this effect of diabetes (p= 0.003). Furthermore, in diabetic animals, CME decreased the proportion of immotile sperm (p< 0.001). In rats, diabetes caused a significant decrease (p< 0.05) in serum testosterone levels (F[3, 28] = 3.283, p= 0.035), but treatment of diabetic animals with CME increased serum testosterone levels. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that C. mukul possesses proandrogenic activity and exerts a beneficial effect on sperm parameters in diabetic rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.259-265
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• 2004

This study was designed to examine the effects of diets containing different levels of seeds of Benincasa hispida (wax-gourd)on plasma glucose, insulin levels and lipid profiles in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were induced diabetes mellitus by STZ injection (45 mg/kg) into the tail vein and were divide into 4 groups: normal, STZ-control, two experimental groups. Normal and STZ-control groups were fed an AIN-93 diet and 2 experi-mental groups were fed a modified diet containing 2.5% and 5.0% of wax gourd seed powder for 4 weeks. The weight gain and feed efficiency ratio in 5.0% seed groups were higher than in STZ-control group. A significant lowering effects of plasma glucose levels were observed in the wax gourd seed 2.5% and 5.0 groups. The plasma insulin level did not differ after treatment with wax gourd seed in experimental rats. The intake of 2.5% wax gourd seed did not result in sig-nificant change in plasma cholesterol levels compared to diabetic control group. The intake of 2.5% wax gourd seeds had normalized the increased levels of plasma triglyceride and free fatty acids after 4 weeks. In 5% wax gourd seed group, cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acid levels were elevated compared to 2.5% wax gourd seed group. The results of the present study indicate that 2.5% wax gourd seed group would be more effective to control the diabetes than 5% wax gourd seed group.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.825-831
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of induced diabetes by streptozotocin (STZ) administration on gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue of C57/BL6 mice fed either a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD). Four diabetic mice groups (16- or 26-week-old mice fed either ND or HFD) and four control groups of age and diet matched non-diabetic mice were used. By real-time PCR, gene expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were examined in adipose tissue. The results demonstrated that gene expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ was significantly or marginally increased in STZ induced diabetic mice groups compared with non-diabetic groups. On the other hand, MCP-1 gene expression tended to be decreased in diabetic mice compared with non-diabetic controls. Especially, MCP-1 expression level in 16w diabetic mice on HFD was about 26% of that in age and diet matched non-diabetic controls (p<0.001). In addition, MCP-1 gene expression in adipose tissue was correlated with plasma insulin levels (p=0.0002). These results suggest that gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue is differentially regulated in mouse models of diabetes. The basic data in this study will be useful for elucidating basic mechanisms of inflammatory state and increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue in obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.99-106
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• 2017

Type1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is generally known to be caused by destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic ${\beta}$ cells or an immune-related problem. Polydipsia is a representative symptom of DM, and it has been reported that this condition is closely related to xerostomia and is considered that hyposalivation from the salivary gland results in this phenomenon. Although various studies have reported that induction of diabetes reduces endogenous stem cells in other organs (heart, brain etc.), diabetes-related changes in endogenous stem cells in the salivary gland have not yet been well established. Therefore, in this study, to verify the change in salivary gland stem cells after diabetes, salivary gland tissues in the control and diabetes-induced groups were processed by histochemistry (Masson's trichrome staining) for morphological analysis, TUNEL assay for cell death, and immunohistochemistry (Ki-67 and c-Kit) for cell proliferation and maturation. Diabetes induced by STZ leads to vacuolization, apoptosis, and reduction in proliferating cells/salivary gland stem cells in salivary glands of rats. This result suggests that diabetes may be associated with reduction in salivary gland function such as degeneration and inhibition of regeneration in the salivary gland.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2013

A folk prescription consisting of Alnus hirsuta, Rosa davurica, Acanthopanax senticosus and Panax schinseng has been used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of the herb formula extract (HFE) composed of Alnus hirsuta, Rosa davurica, Acanthopanax senticosus and Panax schinseng in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The HFE was mixed in the food supply of the healthy and STZ-induced diabetic male Sprague-Dawley rats, and its effects on the body weight, water and food intake, hyperglycemia, hypolipidemic and islet structure were studied. The treatment of the rats with STZ for 6 weeks resulted in marasmus, polydipsia, polyphagia, hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia. In addition, the diabetic rats showed an apparent decrease in the insulin immunoreactivity and the number of ${\beta}$-cells in the pancreas. The addition of the HFE to the rats' food supply significantly lowered the serum glucose and the serum triglycerides level and preserved the normal histological appearance of the pancreatic islets. These results indicate that the HEF have a strong antidiabetic potential along with the significant hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects, which may be applicable in the pharmaceutical industry.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1012-1018
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• 2010

This study investigated the functional effect by diets of Triticum aestivum sprout (TA) on the levels of blood glucose and lipid profiles in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Diabetes mellitus were induced by STZ intraperitoneal injection (50 mg/kg) into the male Balb/c mice. All mice fed AIN-93 diet for 3 weeks. Mice were divided to 4 groups: normal, diabetic control and two experimental groups (TA 5.0, diet with Triticum aestivum sprout 5.0% w/w; TA 2.5, diet with Triticum aestivum 2.5% w/w). The blood glucose level was decreased by TA intake in diabetic mice in the dose-dependant manner; 21.34% and 35.77% in TA 2.5 and TA 5.0 groups. The weight gain and feed efficiency ratio also were improved by TA intake compared with DM group. The weight gain was increased 1.28 and 1.09 folds in TA 5.0 and TA 2.5 groups, respectively. The weight of organs, including liver and kidney, was reduced but that of spleen and abdominal fat was increased by TA intake. Moreover, TA treatment increased the level of HDL but decreased the level of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood of diabetic mice. The blood of HbA1c also was significantly decreased without changing hematocrit by TA treatment compared with DM group. These results indicate the TA intake has the functional effects attenuating blood glucose and plasma lipid levels in insulin-dependent diabetes.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.725-731
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• 2002

Hypoglycemic effects of $H_2O$ fraction of Alisma canaliculatum (Ac) with chromium (Cr) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were investigated. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: normal, diabetic-control, and three diabetic experimental groups. Diabetes mellitus was induced by injection of STZ (45 mg/kg) into tail vein, and $H_2O$ fraction of Ac and Cr were administrated orally to experimental rats for 14 days: Ac group (1,000 mg/kg), Cr-Ac group (Ac 1,000 mg/kg & Cr 100 mg/kg), and Cr group (100 mg/kg). Body weight losses were observed in all groups except the normal group, while the losses in experimental groups were significantly less than in diabetic-control group. The plasma glucose levels were significantly lower in Cr, Ac-Cr, and Ac groups compared to STZ-control group. Plasma cholesterol and TG levels of Ac-Cr group were significantly lower than those of diabetic-control group. Plasma HDL-cholesterol levels of three experimental groups were not significant compared to diabetic-control group, while the level of Cr group decreased more than diabetic-control group. The results suggest that there was no synergistic effect in the treatment of $H_2O$ fraction of Ac in combination with Cr, an indication that $H_2O$ fraction of Ac with Cr might possess some hypoglycemic and hypotriglyceridemic properties in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.11
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• pp.1658-1664
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• 2014

Sprout vegetables containing various types of polyphenols and flavonoids, are known to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cholesterol-lowering, and anti-obesity activities. However, there have been few reports on the anti-diabetic efficacy of sprout vegetables. Here, we investigated the anti-diabetic effects of sprout extract obtained from buckwheat, beet, rape, broccoli, kohlrabi, red young radish, and dachai, in high fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type II diabetes mellitus mice. The mice were fed a HFD (60% calories as fat) for 8 weeks prior to intraperitoneal injection with STZ (75 mg/kg). The diabetic mice were divided into four groups: standard diet (STD, 10% calories fat), HFD, HFD with sprout extract (SPE) and HFD with metformin (MET). After 4 weeks, body weight gain was much lower in both SPE and MET groups than in HFD group. In contrast, there was no difference experiment groups regarding food intake ratio. The level of fasting blood glucose was significantly lower in the SPE and MET groups compared to the HFD group. Oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance in the SPE and MET groups were significantly ameliorated in comparison to the HFD group. The concentrations of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol in the SPE and MET groups were remarkably reduced in comparison to the HFD group, and HDL cholesterol concentration was higher in the SPE and MET groups than in the HFD group. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase levels were between SPE and HFD groups. The serum insulin and leptin concentrations were significantly reduced in both the SPE and MET groups compared to the HFD group. Therefore, these results indicate that sprout extract could improve insulin resistance and attenuate blood glucose level in HFD/STZ-induced type II diabetes mellitus mice. We conclude that this study may provide positive insights into sprout extract as a functional food ingredient for treatment of type II diabetes mellitus.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.333-340
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• 2016

Edaravone, a synthetic-free radical scavenger, has been reported to reduce ischemia-reperfusion-induced renal injury by improving tubular cell function, and lowering serum creatinine and renal vascular resistance. The present study investigated the effect of edaravone in diabetes mellitus-induced nephropathy in rats. A single administration of streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg, i .p.) was employed to induce diabetes mellitus in rats. The STZ-administered diabetic rats were allowed for 10 weeks to develop nephropathy. Mean body weight, lipid alteration, renal functional and histopathology were analysed. Diabetic rats developed nephropathy as evidenced by a significant increase in serum creatinine and urea, and marked renal histopathological abnormalities like glomerulosclerosis and tubular cell degeneration. The kidney weight to body weight ratio was increased. Moreover, diabetic rats showed lipid alteration as evidenced by a significant increase in serum triglycerides and decrease in serum high-density lipoproteins. Edaravone (10 mg/kg, i .p., last 4-weeks) treatment markedly prevented the development of nephropathy in diabetic rats by reducing serum creatinine and urea and preventing renal structural abnormalities. In addition, its treatment, without significantly altering the elevated glucose level in diabetic rats, prevented diabetes mellitus-induced lipid alteration by reducing serum triglycerides and increasing serum high-density lipoproteins. Interestingly, the renoprotective effect of edaravone was comparable to that of lisinopril (5 mg/kg, p.o, 4 weeks, standard drug). Edaravone prevented renal structural and functional abnormalities and lipid alteration associated with experimental diabetes mellitus. Edaravone has a potential to prevent nephropathy without showing an anti-diabetic action, implicating its direct renoprotection in diabetic rats.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.301-308
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• 2011

Diabetes has been one of major health risks in industrialized countries. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been focused as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic syndromes, because AMPK increases glucose uptake through independent insulin signal pathway. In this study, we investigated the anti-diabetic effect of Angelica gigas Nakai extract (AGNEX), a mixture of decursin and decursinol angelate (53 : 47), decursin and decursinol angelate on blood glucose, glucose transport (GLUT) and AMPK expression levels in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. To induce diabetes, 50 mg/kg of STZ was injected via i.v. route and AGNEX 2 mg/kg (STZ+AG), decursin 2 mg/kg (STZ+D), decursinol angelate 2 mg/kg (STZ+DA), and metformin 100 mg/kg (STZ+M) were administered orally for 21 days. STZ+DA group showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose levels compared to the other groups. Decursinol angelate significantly upregulated expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and phosphorylation of AMPK (p-AMPK) in skeletal muscle of rats. In pancreas of rats, decursinol angelate significantly increased expression of GLUT2 through down-regulation of p-AMPK. In addition to the result of pancreatic islets morphology, AGNEX, decursin, decursinol angelate, and metformin treated group recovered ${\beta}$-cell damage by hyperglycemia. These results indicate that decursinol angelate might be a potential anti-diabetic agent and AGNEX could be useful in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.