• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.820-828
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• 2003

최근의 연구를 통해서, ACI 전단 규준은 크기가 크고 인장철근비가 낮은 보에서 비보수적 예측을 보이는 반면 깊은 보에 대해서는 보수적 예측을 보임을 알 수 있다. 이러한 ACI 전단 규준이 가지고 있는 문제점을 수정하기 위해, 본 연구에서는 스터럽이 없는 고강도 철근 콘크리트 보의 전단강도 계산시 크기효과와 아치작용을 고려한 극한 전단강도 예측식을 제안하였다. ACI 전단 규준의 수정을 위해 포함될 항은 과학적 이론 및 분석에 근거한 $f_{sr}$ (dr), $f_{si}$ (${\rho}$)와 $f_{aa}$ (a/d)항이며, 선형 및 비선형 회귀분석을 통해 도출되었다. 기존의 실험 데이터 약 300여 개를 이용하여 각각의 변수에 대한 제안식의 검증 및 제안식과 ACI 318-99 code, CEB-FIP model code, Kim &Park 식 및 Zsutty 식과의 비교를 수행하였다. 제안식은 간단한 형태를 지니고 있지만, 경제적이면서도 합리적인 안전율을 확보할 수 있는 전단강도를 예측한다. 따라서 제안식은 실무에서 콘크리트 구조물의 전단설계에 적용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.923-930
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• 2003

We jointed Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O multifilament tapes and evaluated their electrical and mechanical properties. In order to improve connectivity of multifilaments, one or two single-filament tape was inserted between two multifilament tapes. The critical current ratio(CCR) and n-value of the jointed tapes were evaluated as a function of uniaxial pressure. It was observed that critical current ratio and n-value were 24.8-29.0% and 2.5-2.8 for MM lap-jointed tape. On the other hand, the corresponding values were improved to 24.7-53.9% and 3.1-4.2 for MSM jointed tape, and 63.4-76.0% and 3.4-5.1 for double MS:vr lap-jointed tape, respectively. The highest electrical properties of double MSM lap-jointed tape are considered to be owing to the presence of single core, causing better interconnections of multifilaments between the two tapes. The mechanical property of jointed tape was evaluated and correlated to the microstructural evolution. The strength of jointed tapes was 44-64% less than that of the unjoined tape. The strain tolerance of jointed tape was also reduced compared to that of the unjoined tape. These lower mechanical properties of jointed tape are probably due to the induced nonuniform microstructure such as the existence of cracks and Ag-intrusion in the joined region.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.925-930
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• 2006

Chitosan-based nanocomposite films were prepared using a solution intercalation method incorporating varying amounts of organically modified montmorillonite (Cloisite 30B) from 0 to 30 wt%. The nanocomposite films prepared were optically clear despite a slight decrease in the transmittance due to the spatial distribution of nanoclay. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that a certain degree of intercalation or exfoliation formed when the amount of clay in the film was low and that microscale tactoids formed when the clay content in the sample was high (more than 10 wt%). The tensile strength (TS) of the chitosan film increased when the clay was incorporated up to 10 wt% and then decreased with further increases in the clay content of the film. The elongation at break (E) increased slightly upon the addition of low levels of clay up to 5 wt% and then decreased with further increases in the amount of the clay in the film. The water vapor permeability (WVP) decreased exponentially with increasing clay content. The water solubility (WS) and swelling ratio (SR) of the nanocomposite films decreased slightly, indicating that the water resistance of the chitosan film increased due to the incorporation of the nanoclay.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2002

For natural gas and LPG fuel, measurements on the concentrations of individual exhaust hydrocarbon species have been made as a function of air-fuel ratio in a 2-liter four-cylinder engine using a gas chromatography. NMHC in addition to the species of HC, other emissions such as CO$_2$, CO and NOx were examined for natural gas and LPG at 1800rpm far two compression ratios (8.6 and 10.6). Fuel conversion efficiencies were also investigated together with emissions to study the effect of engine parameters on the combustion performances in gas engines especially under the lean bum conditions. It was found that CO$_2$ emission decreased with smaller C value of fuel, leaner mixture strength and the higher compression ratio. HC emissions from LPG engine consisted primarily of propane (larger 60%), ethylene and propylene, while main emissions from natural gas were mothane (larger than 60%), ethane, ethylene and propane on the average. The natural gas was proved to give the less ozone formation than LPG fuel. This was accomplished by reducing the emissions of propylene, which has relatively high MIR factor, and propane that originally has large portion of LPG. In addition, natural gas shows a benefit in other emissions (i.e. NMHC,NOx, CO$_2$and CO), SR and BSR values except fuel conversion efficiency.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2003년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.537-541
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• 2003

강유전체(SrTiO$_3$) 박막을 게이트 절연층으로 하여 수소화 된 비정질 실리콘 박막 트랜지스터를 유리 기판위에 제조하였다. 강유전체는 기존의 SiO$_2$, SiN 등과 같은 게이트 절연체에 비하여 유전특성이 매우 뛰어나 TFT의 ON 전류를 증가시키고 문턱전압을 낮추며 항복특성을 개선하여 준다. PECVD 에 의하여 증착된 a-Si:H 는 FTIR 측정 결과 2,000 $cm^{-}$1 과 635 $cm^{-}$l 및 876 cm-1 에서 흡수 밴드가 나타났으며, 2,000 $cm^{-1}$ / 과 635 $cm^{-1}$ / 은 SiH$_1$ 의 stretching 과 rocking 모드에 기인 한 것이며 876 $cm^{-1}$ / 의 weak 밴드는 SiH$_2$ vibration 모드에 의한 것이다. a-SiN:H 는 optical bandgap 이 2.61 eV 이고 굴절률은 1.8 - 2.0, 저항률은 $10^{11}$ - $10^{15}$ $\Omega$-cm 정도로 실험 조건에 따라 약간 다르게 나타난다. 강유전체(SrTiO$_3$) 박막의 유전상수는 60 - 100 정도이고 항복전계는 1MV/cm 이상으로 우수한 절연특성을 갖고 있다. 강유전체를 이용한 TFT 의 채널 길이는 8 - 20 $\mu$m, 채널 넓이는 80 - 200 $\mu$m 로서 드레인 전류가 게이트 전압 20V에서 3 $\mu$A 이고 Ion/Ioff 비는 $10^{5}$ - $10^{6}$, Vth 는 4 - 5 volts 이다.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.375-394
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• 2024

The extensive utilization of concrete has given rise to environmental concerns, specifically concerning the depletion of river sand. To address this issue, waste deposits can provide manufactured-sand (MS) as a substitute for river sand. The objective of this study is to explore the application of machine learning techniques to facilitate the production of manufactured-sand concrete (MSC) containing stone nano-powder through estimating the splitting tensile strength (STS) containing compressive strength of cement (CSC), tensile strength of cement (TSC), curing age (CA), maximum size of the crushed stone (Dmax), stone nano-powder content (SNC), fineness modulus of sand (FMS), water to cement ratio (W/C), sand ratio (SR), and slump (S). To achieve this goal, a total of 310 data points, encompassing nine influential factors affecting the mechanical properties of MSC, are collected through laboratory tests. Subsequently, the gathered dataset is divided into two subsets, one for training and the other for testing; comprising 90% (280 samples) and 10% (30 samples) of the total data, respectively. By employing the generated dataset, novel models were developed for evaluating the STS of MSC in relation to the nine input features. The analysis results revealed significant correlations between the CSC and the curing age CA with STS. Moreover, when delving into sensitivity analysis using an empirical model, it becomes apparent that parameters such as the FMS and the W/C exert minimal influence on the STS. We employed various loss functions to gauge the effectiveness and precision of our methodologies. Impressively, the outcomes of our devised models exhibited commendable accuracy and reliability, with all models displaying an R-squared value surpassing 0.75 and loss function values approaching insignificance. To further refine the estimation of STS for engineering endeavors, we also developed a user-friendly graphical interface for our machine learning models. These proposed models present a practical alternative to laborious, expensive, and complex laboratory techniques, thereby simplifying the production of mortar specimens.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2017

본 연구는 톱밥이 수분조절재로 혼합된 돈분 퇴비화 시 공기 흡입 강도의 효과를 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 25 L 규모의 퇴비화 반응기에 일정하게 주입되는 공기 주입량을 기준으로 공기 흡입량을 4 단계 (100%, 200%, 300%, 400%)로 구분하여 실험을 수행하였다. 모든 반응기의 온도가 퇴비화 개시 후 2일 이내에 호열성 단계에 도달하였으며 퇴비화 5일 까지 이를 유지하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이후 반응기의 온도는 점차 감소하여 퇴비화 실험이 끝날 무렵에는 외기와 비슷한 온도를 나타냈다. 초기 혼합원료의 수분함량은 64.27% 로 측정되었으며, 점차 감소하여 100%에서 38.4, 200%에서 33.08%, 300%에서 14.59% 그리고 400%에서 11.93로 나타났다. 퇴비화 기간 동안, pH는 6.83에서 8.67로 증가하였다가 점점 감소하여 100%, 200%에서 7.56, 300%에서 8.19, 400%에서 8.08로 관찰되었으며, 이는 100%와 200%의 공기 흡입강도가 타 처리구보다 퇴비화에 적합한 흡입조건인 것으로 사료된다. 퇴비화 초기 혼합 원료의 총 켈달질소 (TKN)는 2.3%로 측정되었으나, 점차 변화하여 퇴비화 종료 시점에 100%는 3.3%, 200%는 3.1%, 300%는 2.5%, 400%는 2.3%로 조사되었다. 이러한 결과는 100%, 200% 처리구가 타 처리구에 비해 $CO_2$ 발생 및 수증기 휘발로 인한 중량손실이 높기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 퇴비화 초기 혼합원료의 C/N비는 25.17로 측정되었으며 급격히 감소하여 퇴비화 종료 시점에는 100%에서 11.88 200%에서 11.97, 300%에서 14.31, 400%에서 14.72로 조사되었으나 처리구 간 큰 차이는 발견되지 않았다. 이상의 연구 결과 양질 퇴비화를 위한 공기 주입량 대비 최적 공기 흡입 강도는 100%와 200% 처리구인 것으로 조사되었다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.785-793
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 플라이애쉬, 고로슬래그 미분말 및 실리카 퓸 등 광물질 혼화재를 사용하는 고성능 콘크리트에서 자기 및 건조수축을 저감하기 위한 방안으로 팽창재, 수축저감제 및 팽창재와 수축저감제를 병용 사용하는 것에 대하여 분석하였다. 실험결과, 팽창재 및 수축저감제 혼입은 적정 혼입률 범위내에서 유동성 및 공기량에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 분석되었으며 재령 91, 180일의 강도발현도 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 팽창재 5%, 10%에서는 플레인 콘크리트와 비교하여 자기수축을 32∼68%, 건조수축은 25∼49% 감소하는 것으로 나타났고, 수축저감제 혼입률 0.5%, 1.0%에서는 플레인 콘크리트와 비교하여 자기수축은 18∼34% 및 건조수축은 16∼26% 저감하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 팽창재와 수축저감제를 병용한 경우의 EA-SR배합에서는 수축저감의 효과가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 플라이애쉬, 고로슬래그 미분말 및 실리카 퓸 등 광물질 혼화재를 사용한 고성능 콘크리트의 수축을 저감시키기 위해서는 팽창재와 수축저감제를 병용 사용하는 것이 효과적인 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.413-418
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• 2009

Glass systems based on Ca, Sr, Ba, and Zn modified alumino-boro silicates were investigated in order to improve the dielectric and mechanical properties of a typical LTCC (low temperature co-fired ceramic) which was developed for high frequency highly-integrated modules. The glass was prepared by a typical melting procedure and then mixed with cordierite fillers to fabricate glass/ceramic composite-type LTCC materials. The amount of cordierite filler was fixed at 50 volumetric%. For an optimal glass composition of 7.5% CaO, 7.5% BaO, 5% ZnO, 10% $Al_2O_3$, 30% $B_2O_3$, and 40% $SiO_2$ in mole ratio, the resultant LTCC composite showed a dielectric constant of 5.8 and a dielectric loss ($tan{\delta}$) of 0.0009 after firing at $900^{\circ}C$. An average bending strength of 160MPa was obtained for the optimal composition.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.144-150
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• 2008

Recently, there has been growing interest in low loss and low dielectric constant material for LTCC application, as the frequency range for electronic devices increases. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of cordierite filler for low dielectric constant LTCC material. From the previous experiments, two glass compositions of B-Si-Al-Zn-Ba-Ca-O and B-Si-Al-Sr-Ca-O system, were chosen. Each powder of two glass compositions was sintered respectively with commercial cordierite powder in temperature range from $800^{\circ}C\;to\;900^{\circ}C$. Crystalline cordierite and glass peaks were affected only with two factors of composition and sintering temperature among various factors. With the optimized condition of two cordierite/glass compositions, obtained dielectric constant was below 5.5 and quality factor was above 1,000. Closed pore of sintered body was controled by sintering temperature and sintering time. When cordierite/glass composite with ratio of 5.5:4.5 was sintered at $900^{\circ}C$, densification was sufficient with good dielectric characteristics of ${\epsilon}_r<5.1,\;Q{\ge}1,000$. Residual fine closed pores could be reduced with control of sintering temperature and time. 3 point bending strength and chemical durability were evaluated to obtain feasibility for substrate material.