• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.134-140
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise therapy and bedside ergometer exercise on muscle strength, function level, and quality of life of persons in intensive care. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial Methods: Sixteen patients in the ICU were randomly assigned to either the exercise group (n=8) or the bedside cycle ergometer group (n=8). Activities in the ICU exercise group (rolling, sitting at the edge of the bed, transfer from sitting to standing, standing balance training, ambulation) and bedside cycle ergometer group were performed 5 times a week for 30 minutes during the ICU admission period. Medical Research Council (MRC) and Functional Status Scale-Intensive Care Unit (FSS-ICU) parameters were assessed at the time of admission to the ICU, and reevaluation was assessed on the day of ICU discharge. The Short Form-36 (SF-36) was assessed at the time of discharge from the ICU. Results: MRC and FSS-ICU were significantly increased before and after intervention in both the experimental and control groups (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between MRC and FSS-ICU in the comparison of the changes before and after the intervention (p<0.05). SF-36 was compared between groups after intervention and there was a significant difference between the experimental and the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Muscle strength and functional levels improved after intervention in both the experimental and control groups. The ICU exercise group was more effective than the bedside cycle ergometer group to improve muscle strength, functional level, and quality of life performance of persons in the ICU.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.337-347
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• 2010

Most sample surveys are designed to estimate reliable statistics for the whole population and for some large subpopulations. However, the research for small area estimation have been increasing in recent years because users demand to reliable estimates for smaller subpopulations like small areas or specific domains. In Korea, the Economically Active Population Survey(EAPS) is the main household survey that produces monthly unemployment rates for nationwide and 16 large areas (7 metropolitans and 9 provinces) in Korea. For county level estimation, direct estimators are not reliable because of the small sample sizes. We consider small area estimation of the county level unemployment ratesfrom the sample observations in EAPS. To do this, we use an area level model to "borrow strength" from the auxiliary information, such as administrative data and census data. The proposed method is based on the assumption of normality of the model errors in the area level model. The proposed method is compared with the other alternatives in terms of the estimated mean squared errors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.75-79
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• 2006

Recently, more highly effective construction materials are needed for the reasonable and economical structure system is required as the construction structures become more multi storied, large-sized and diversified. That is to say, the highly qualified concrete is positively promoted as a part of plan to establish the effective space according to the dead load of structures and diminish of segment profile and to build up the economic structures. However, the high strength concrete has the problems such high brittleness and low ductility. Specially, for the high strength concrete, it has different strength from normal concrete as the internal temperature goes up steadily due to high heat of hydration by the quantities of highly level of cement, so the concrete which is mixed with various miscible materials is used. As the development and study for high strength concrete (more than $100N/mm^2$) is under way actively and the strength of high strength concrete increases, the strength different from the existing high strength concrete of ten than $100N/mm^2$, but the study for this is not adequate and indefinite. In addition, the study and report to apply the strength expression and analysis results of internal structure. Therefore, this study is an experiment about using the miscible materials affects what happens to the longitudinal physical property.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.369-374
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• 1997

This study is the experimental results on the flowing properties of the super flowing concrete (SFC) using limestone (LS), which is to develop the SFC in level of ordinary strength. And this study is described with respect to basic concept, confined water ratio ($\beta_p$) of binder (cement+limestone) in paste, relationship between volume ratio of water-binder (w/b) and addition ratio of superplasticizer in mortar, flowing velocity and funneling time and compressive strength in concrete to replacement ratio of LS. The results of this study is improved to flowing properties in fleshly concrete with increasing replacement ratio of LS. The optimal mixing condition of the SFC using LS in level of ordinary strength is proved W/C 55%, LS 40% and W/C 60%, LS 50%.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.27-34
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to improve the durability performance of polymer modified cement composites for repair of concrete under combined aging conditions. The experimental procedure was divided into three parts. First, the replacement level of mineral admixtures in polymer modified cement composites were determined in an experimental study based on a Box Behnken design. Second, the flow value, compressive strength and chloride permeability test of sixteen types of mixtures were conducted. Test results show that the polymer modified cement composites were effected on the improvement of the compressive strength and permeability performance. Third, the effects on the replacement level of silica fume mixture was evaluated by the compressive strength, chloride permeability, chemical resistance and repeated freezing and thawing cycles test. They demonstrated that the polymer modified cement composites using mixture of silica fume, fly ash, and blast furnace slag improved the durability performance.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.2105-2113
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• 1995

The compressive tests under impact conditions were performed to establish a design guide for impact damage tolerance. The composition of layup was selected for the real cases of composite aircraft structure. The energy level of visible of visible damage threshold was determined as 7 Joules. It was found that the normalized bending stiffnesses in the direction of closely fixed boundary affected the area of damage. Graphite/epoxy used in the tests exhibited 60% reduction in compression strength at the energy level of visible damage threshold. Wet-conditioned specimens represented 9% reduction in residual compressive strength in comparison with room temperature ambient specimens. In this study, a design factor of 2.1 was proposed for the low velocity impact damage.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.337-355
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• 2016

Steel coupling beam in reinforced concrete (RC) coupled shear wall system is a proper substitute for deep concrete coupling beam. Previous studies have shown that RC coupled walls with steel or concrete coupling beam designed with strength-based design approach, may not guarantee a ductile behavior of a coupled shear wall system. Therefore, seismic performance evaluation of RC coupled shear wall with steel or concrete coupling beam designed based on a strength-based design approach is essential. In this paper first, buildings with 7, 14 and 21 stories containing RC coupled shear wall system with concrete and steel coupling beams were designed with strength-based design approach, then performance level of these buildings were evaluated under two spectrum; Design Basis Earthquake (DBE) and Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE). The performance level of LS and CP of all buildings were satisfied under DBE and MCE respectively. In spite of the steel coupling beam, concrete coupling beam in RC coupled shear wall acts like a fuse under strong ground motion.

• 전기의세계
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.129-132
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• 1980

For large gas-insulated systems, the conductor utilized possess some degree of surface roughness which locally enhances the applied field at highpressure in $SF_{6}$. In order to investigate the effect of field enhancement on the breakdown field strength, the spheric protrusion was employed which gives a quantitative analysis on field enhancement. For further investigations on the breakdown level and polarity effect in $SF_{6}$, the repeated breakdown tests were performed with d.c. voltage at pressures up to about 4 bar. The experimental results show that the breakdown level does vary noticeably due to successive voltage applications and the breakdown field strength measured for a test gap with the cathode protrusion is markedly lower than that determined from the identical anode protrusion.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.90-103
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• 2002

The thermal and mechanical properties of compacted bentonite and bentonite-sand mixture were collected from the literatures and compiled. The thermal conductivity of bentonite is found to increase almost linearly with increasing dry density and water content of the bentonite. The specific heat can also be expressed as a function of water ontent, and the coefficient of thermal expansion is almost independent on the dry density. The logarithm of unconfined compressive strength and Young’s modulus of elasticity increase linearly with increasing dry density, and in the case of constant dry density, it can be fitted to a second order polynomial of water content. Also the unconfined compressive strength and Young’s modulus of elasticity of the bentonite-sand mixture decreases with increasing sand content. The Poisson’s ratio remains constant at the dry density higher than 1.6 Mg/m$_3$, and the shear strength increases with increasing dry density.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.571-576
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• 1996

The moisture-dependent gelation characteristics of five different proteins are evaluated to understand the modification of gel strength when they are added in surimi gel. Compressive force and penetration force of protein gels gradually decreased with increase of moisture level, with showing markedly decrease at certain point of moisture level called critical moisture level. The critical moisture level for gelation of SPI-1, SPI-2, EW, WPC and LA were 79.4%, 81.6%, 91.4％, 87,8% and 84.7%, respectively. Beyond this critical level of water, protein gel matrix begins to lose its water binding and structural integrity. The mnisture that was not re tained by a protein was available to diluting the protein matrix and eventually weakened the overall gel strength. EW and MPI showed higher water retention than those of SPI, WPC and LA. The compressive force of SPI, WPC and LA-incorporated surimi gel at the varying moisture levels strongly correlated with the amount if water retained at corresponding moisture level within those protein (r=0.99).