• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.6-15
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• 2020

This study examined the structural behaviors and ultimate loads of assembled system scaffolds by load tests. Considering the number of bay and bracing installation, four specimens were tested. The bays were divided into 1 bay and 2 bays, with and without the bracing member installed. Failure modes and horizontal displacements show that the whole column buckled without showing no point of inflection in the column, regardless of whether or not braces were installed. Thus, the current design method of selecting the vertical spacing between the horizontal members of the system scaffold as the effective buckling length underestimates the effective buckling length. In case of 1 bay specimens, the ultimate loads between specimens with and with bracing members are similar. However, in case of 2 bay specimens, the specimen with bracing members shows the increased ultimate load of 36% compared with that without bracing members. In addition, as the number of bays in the system scaffold increases, the ultimate load of the unit vertical column increases in case of the specimen with bracing installation. However, in the specimen without bracing members, the ultimate load of the unit column reduces with the increment of the number of bays due to the torsional buckling. Therefore, it is essential to install bracing members to increase the whole strength of system scaffolds and the ultimate load of the unit column.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.16 no.4 s.82
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• pp.501-509
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• 2004

The proposed model can predict the compressive behaviors of concrete confined with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) jacket. To model confining concrete by FRP jackets, the hypoelasticity-based constitutive law of concrete In tri-axial stress states has been presented. The increment of strength of concrete has been determined by the failure surface of concrete in tri-axial states, and its corresponding peak strain is computed by the strain enhancement factor that is proposed in the present study, Therefore, the newly proposed model is a load-dependent confinement model of concrete wrapped by FRP jackets to compare the previous models which are load-independent confinement models. The behavior of FRP jackets has been modeled using the mechanics of orthotropic laminated composite materials in two-dimension. The developed model is implemented into the incremental analysis of compressive tests. The verification study with several different experiments shows that the model is able to adequately capture the behavior of the compression test by including better estimations of the axial responses as well as the lateral response of FRP-confined concrete cylinders.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.231-237
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• 2000

The commercial cermet cutting tools consist of multi-carbide and a binder metal of iron group, such as cobalt and nickel which are ferromagnetic. In this paper, a new approach to evaluate the mechanical properties of TiCN based cermet by magnetic properties were studied in relation to binder content and sintering conditions. The experimental cermet was prepared using commercial composition with the other binder contents by PM process. It was found that the magnetic properties of the sintered cermets remarkably depended on the microstructure and the total carbon content. The magnetic saturation was proportional to increment of coercive force. At high carbon content in sintered cermet, the magnetic saturation was increased by decreasing the concentration of solutes such as W, Mo, Ti in Co-Ni binder. As the coercive force increases, the hardness usually increases. The strength and toughness of the cermet also increased with increasing the magnetic saturation. The measurement of magnetic properties made it possible to evaluate the mechanical properties in the cermet cutting tools.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.105-116
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship of blood pressure with dietary habit and level of physical fitness of middle-aged male workers by age. The study subjects included 511 male employees who have worked at a company in C City, whose age was more than 40 years old. Between April 10 and May 30. 1998, all of the study subjects measured physical fitness (Balance, strength, power, agility, flexibility and endurance) and blood pressure. A questionnair was administered for dietary habit and socio-demographic characteristics. The average age (SD) of the study subjects was 46.61(3.98) years. The study subjects were classified by age into 3 groups; 40-44 aged group(34.6%), 45-49 aged group(41.3%), and 50-54 aged group (24.1%). The score of dietary habit of 40-44 aged group was $69.77{\pm}5.82$. that of 45-49 aged group was $69.77{\pm}5.83$, and that of 50-54 aged group was $71.85{\pm}6.82$(p=0.005). But age of health physical fitness tend to weaken in the age of 40-44. Systolic(p=.011) and Diastolic blood pressure (p= .011) were significantly increased with age increment. Diastolic blood pressure and dietary habit of 45-49 aged group showed the significant negative-correlation(r= .280. P<0.05). and Diastolic blood pressure and age of health physical fitness of 40-44 aged group showed the significant positive-correlation(r= .182. P<0.05). On the basis of the results of this study. I hope occupational nurses should play an active role to improve dietary habit and physical fitness for prevention of hypertension with increase of age in middle-aged male workers.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.38-43
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• 2008

The usage of electric forklift truck is gradually increasing due to the convenience at conveying and arranging the materials in the industrial field. In this study, the author designed and suggested the optimum driving system and load tester which both of them are the most important part of the forklift truck. The planetary gear is chose to driving system because it makes big power even though the motor size is small. The gear teeth of planetary gear were designed and the designed planetary gear was tested considering the yield strength and the abrasion of gear teeth. The B-Type electric brake which consists of multiple plates and operates with non-magnetic type was connected with a single shaft in the driving system. So, it can be applied at the sudden braking situation which has the torque increment. And it has the compact size and excellent durability Load tester can give the various levels of load to the planetary gear of driving system in the electric forklift truck and it can also measure the levels of the load which were applied. Therefore, we can measure the noise, torque and perform the durability, vibration tests using load tester. It will be economical because many kinds of test can be performed using reasonable priced load tester The driving system of electric forklift truck which has sufficient competitive can be manufactured using our designed planetary gear reducer with reasonable price. The designed load tester can use for checking the performance of other reducers, as well.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.797-805
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• 2003

This paper describes experimental investigations of helium-air exchange flow through single opening and partitioned opening. Such exchange flows may occur following rupture accident of stand pipe in high temperature gas cooled reactor. A test vessel with a small opening on top of test cylinder is used for experiments. An estimation method of mass increment is developed and applied to measure the exchange flow rate. A technique of flow visualization by Mach-Zehnder interferometer is provided to recognize the exchange flows. Flow measurements are made with the opening, for partition ratios H_p/H$_1$$ in the range 0 to 1. where H_p$ and H$_1$ are partition length and height of the opening. respectively. In the case of H_p/H$_1$$ of 0, flow passages of upward flow of the helium and downward flow of the air within the opening are unseparated (bidirectional), and the two flows interfere within the opening. The unseparated flow increases strength of flow resistance and therefore, the exchange flow rate is minimum through range of the partition ratios. Two flow zones, i.e., separated (unidirectional) flow zone and unseparated (bidirectional) flow zone, exist with increasing the partition length. The exchange flow rate increases with increasing the separated flow zone. It is found that a maximum exchange flow rate exists at H_p/H$_1$$ of 1. As a result of comparison of the exchange flow rates by changing the partition ratio, the fluids Interference in the unseparated zone is found to be an important factor on the helium-air exchange flow rate.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.92-100
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• 2002

The advent or high-strength steel has enabled the arch structures to be relatively light, durable and long-spanned by reducing the cross sectional area. On the other hand, the possibility of collapse may be increased due to the slender members which may cause the stability problems. The limit analysis to estimate the ultimate load is based on the concept of collapse mechanism that forms the plastic zone through the full transverse sections. So, it is not appropriate to apply it directly to the instability analysis of arch structures that are composed with compressive members. The objective of this study is to evaluate the ultimate load carrying capacity of the parabolic arch by using the elasto-plastic finite element model. As the rise to span ratio (h/L) varies from 0.0 to 0.5 with the increment of 0.05, the ultimate load has been calculated fur arch structures subjected to uniformly distributed vertical loads. Also, the disco-elasto-plastic analysis has been carried out to find the duration time until the behavior of arch begins to show the stable state when the estimated ultimate load is applied. It may be noted that the maximum ultimate lead of the parabolic arch occurs at h/L=0.2, and the appropriate ratio can be recommended between 0.2 and 0.3. Moreover, it is shown that the circular arch may be more suitable when the h/L ratio is less than 0.2, however, the parabolic arch can be suggested when the h/L ratio is greater than 0.3. The ultimate load carrying capacity of parabolic arch can be estimated by the well-known formula of kEI/L$^3$where the values of k have been reported in this study. In addition, there is no general tendency to obtain the duration time of arch structures subjected to the ultimate load in order to reach the steady state. Merely, it is observed that the duration time is the shortest when the h/L ratio is 0.1, and the longest when the h/L ratio is 0.2.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.25-37
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• 2011

PES UF membranes containing silver were prepared to impart antibacterial properties for waste water treatment. Asymmetric membranes for antibacterial application were prepared from polyethersulfone (PES) and silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$) (PES/$AgNO_3$=15/2 by weight) solution in N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) via simple wet phase inversion technique. These membranes were characterized by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) of different molecular weights (1000 ppm in water) at room temperature and on operating pressure of 5 bars. It was observed that the water flux of PES-$AgNO_3$ membrane is slightly lower than virgin PES but still increased linearly with the increment of pressure applied. The morphology of the resulting membranes was examined using Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Elemental analysis using EDS proved that silver is successfully loaded on the membrane surfaces. Due to the success of loading silver on membrane surfaces, antibacterial activities were evaluated via agar diffusion method against Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) culture. By incorporating 2 wt% of silver nitrate, PES-$AgNO_3$ showed significant inhibition ring on both E.coli and S.aureus. Filtration of E.coli solution (OD 0.31) showed satisfactory rejection data with ~100% inhibition growth after 24 hours incubation at $37^{\circ}C$. Resultant membranes also exhibit better tensile strength (compared to virgin PES) up to 71% may be due to the suggested interactions. The residual silver during fabrication was measured using ICP-MS and result showed that the residual silver content of PES-$AgNO_3$ membrane was only ~1% of the original silver added in the polymer solution. These studies have shown that PES-$AgNO_3$ UF membranes are potential in improving the filtration in water treatment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1789-1797
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• 2000

The objective of this study was to assess parameters affecting nitrite accumulation, which offers advantages in terms of less aeration energy and carbon consumption for denitrification. The influence of the alkalinity to $NH_4{^+}-N$ concentration ratio, pH, FA(free ammonia) concentration and temperature on nitrite accumulation was investigated. The experiment was performed with supernatant from dewatering process of anaerobic digested sludge using a submerged biofilm reactor. The influent contains high strength of ammonium nitrogen and the alkalinity was insufficient for complete nitrification. An increased nitrite accumulation was observed with increase in alkalinity to $NH_4{^+}-N$ concentration ratio. The increase in alkalinity to $NH_4{^+}-N$ concentration ratio has been a maior reason for the high pH value and FA concentration in the reactor. It can be considered that selective inhibition of Nitrobacter can be causes of nitrite accumulation. The nitrite accumulation increased with increment of temperature at fixed alkalinity to $NH_4{^+}-N$ concentration ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.27-33
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• 2010

In this study, a monotonic loading test to estimate structural capacity of 12 meter long full scale precast pre-stressed concrete beam specimen was performed with a 2,000 kN dynamic actuator. A couple of embedded steel plate was installed at the ends of the beam and specimens were connected to steel girder frame with high tension bolts. Nominal compressive strength of pre-stressed concrete beam and slab were 50 MPa and 24 MPa respectively. Two HD25 tensile steel reinforcements were welded on vertical plate of embedded steel plate. Pre-stressed concrete beam specimen was loaded by displacement control method with a certain loading pattern which was repeated loading and unloading with 10mm increment displacement. About 88.34%, 86.97% and 66.83% of displacement restoration ratios were evaluated at elastic, inelastic and plastic behavior region of specimen respectively.