• 한국재료학회지
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.466-475
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• 1993

전면증착법에 의한 W공정에서 부착특성고양층으로 사용되는 TiN막에 대한 CVD W막의 부착특성을 인장법(pulling method)과 스크래치법(scratch method)을 사용하여 조사하고, 주사전자현미경과 반사도측정에 의한 표면거칠기측정, 응력측정 및 SIMS depth profiling 등에 의하여 그 원인을 분석하였다. 스퍼터링법으로 형성한 TiN막상에 바로 W막을 증착한 경우와 TiN막을 열처리한 후에 W막을 증착한 경우 간에 두 막간의 부착특성은 큰 차이를 보였다. 전자의 경우가 후자의 경우보다 부착특성이 더 우수한 것으로 나타났는데, 이것은 열처리하지 않은 TiN막이 열처리한 TiN막에 비해 표면이 더 거칠고, 응력수준이 더 낮으며, 열처리한 TiN막내에는 산소성분이 존재하는 반면, 열처리 하지 않은 TiN막내에는 산소성분이 거의 들어있지 않기 때문이다. 또한 TiN막 두께가 증가함에 따라 응력의 증가로 인하여 TiN막에 대한 W막의 부착강도가 저하되었다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2021

This study describes the model tests in ice according to the frictional coefficient of an ice-breaking ship and the change in ice resistance by the analysis method for each component of ice resistances. The target vessel is a 90K DWT ice-breaking tanker capable of operating in ARC7 ice conditions in the Arctic Ocean, and twin POD propellers are fitted. The hull was specially painted with four different frictional coefficients on the same ship model. The total ice resistance can be separated by ice breaking, ice buoyancy, ice clearing resistances through the tests in level ice, pre-sawn ice and creep test in pre-sawn ice under sea ice thickness of 1.2 m and 1.7 m. Ice resistance was analyzed by correcting the thickness and bending strength of model ice by the ITTC correction method. As the frictional coefficient between the hull and ice increases, ice buoyancy and clearing resistances increase significantly. When the surface of the hull is rough, it is considered that the broken ice pieces do not slip easily to the side, resulting in an increase in ice buoyancy resistance. Also, the frictional coefficient was found to have a great influence on the ice clearing resistance as the ice thickness became thicker.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2012

Purpose: This study evaluated the surface characteristics and bond strength produced using a novel technique for coating hydroxyapatite (HA) onto titanium implants. Methods: HA was coated on the titanium implant surface using a super-high-speed (SHS) blasting method with highly purified HA. The coating was performed at a low temperature, unlike conventional HA coating methods. Coating thickness was measured. The novel HA-coated disc was fabricated. X-ray diffraction analysis was performed directly on the disc to evaluate crystallinity. Four novel HA-coated discs and four resorbable blast medium (RBM) discs were prepared. Their surface roughnesses and areas were measured. Five puretitanium, RBM-treated, and novel HA-coated discs were prepared. Contact angle was measured. Two-way analysis of variance and the post-hoc Scheffe's test were used to analyze differences between the groups, with those with a probability of P<0.05 considered to be statistically significant. To evaluate exfoliation of the coating layer, 7 sites on the mandibles from 7 mongrel dogs were used. Other sites were used for another research project. In total, seven novel HA-coated implants were placed 2 months after extraction of premolars according to the manufacturer's instructions. The dogs were sacrificed 8 weeks after implant surgery. Implants were removed using a ratchet driver. The surface of the retrieved implants was evaluated microscopically. Results: A uniform HA coating layer was formed on the titanium implants with no deformation of the RBM titanium surface microtexture when an SHS blasting method was used. Conclusions: These HA-coated implants exhibited increased roughness, crystallinity, and wettability when compared with RBM implants.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.594-605
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• 2006

Statement of problem: Modification of titanium implant surface has potential to ensure clinically favorable performance that several surface modification technologies have been introduced. Among the methods. anodizing method and sol-gel hydroxyapatite coating method have gained much interest due to its roughness and chemical composition of the coating layer, but more of its biocompatibility result is required. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare bone-implant interface shear strength of four different surface treated implants as time elapsed. Resonance frequency analysis(RFA) and removal torque measurement methods were employed to measure implant stability at one week and six week after implantation. Material and method: A total of 80 screw-shaped implant [20 machined, 20 resorbable media blasted(RBM), 20 anodized, and 20 anodized+hydroxyapatite sol-gel coated] were prepared, and one of each group was implanted in the tibia of a New Zealand white rabbit that total 20 of them were used. In order to test the implant stability and implant-tissue interface contact changing in the bone bed, each 10 rabbit were sacrificed 1 week and 6 week later while resonance frequency and removal torque were measured. One-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test were used for statistical analysis. Results : The results were as follows. 1. There was no statistically significant difference of implant stability quotients(ISQ) value in RFA between individual groups after 1 week of implantation and 6 weeks(p>0.05). But, there was statistically significant increase of ISQ value in 6 weeks group compared to 1 week group(p<0.05). 2. There was no statistically significant difference in removal torque analysis between individual groups after 1 week of implantation and 6 weeks(p>0.05). but there was statistically significant increase in all 4 groups after 6 weeks compared to 1 week later(p<0.05). 3. There was no statistically significant difference in removal torque analysis between anodized group and HA coating after anodic oxidation 6 weeks later(p>0.05), but significant difference was appeared in both groups compared to RBM group and smooth-machined group(p<0.05). Conclusions : It can be suggested that changes in surface characteristics affect bone reactions. Anodized and anodized+hydroxyapatite sol-gel coating showed significantly improved bone tissue response to implants, but further study on the effect of hydroxyapatite dissolution is needed.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

연구 목적: 본 연구의 목적은 장석형 도재와 지르코니아에 Silano-pen의 적용이 복합레진과의 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 장석형 도재와 지르코니아를 지름 12 mm, 두께 2 mm 크기로 각각 30개씩 제작하여 표면을 고르고 평활하게 한 후 아크릴 레진에 포매 하였다. 각각 Group F와 Group Z로 나눈 후, (1) Group F1과 Z1은 불산 에칭과 실레인, (2) Group F2와 Z2는 Silano-pen과 실레인, (3) Group F3와 Z3는 불산 에칭과 Silano-pen, 실레인을 적용시켰다. 표면 처리 후, 각각의 시편의 표면을 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 높이 2 mm, 직경 3 mm의 복합레진을 붙여 광중합 하고 만능시험기를 이용하여 세라믹과 복합레진간의 전단결합강도를 측정하였다. 측정값을 Two way ANOVA와 Tukey's multiple comparison test을 사용하여 통계 분석 하였다(${\alpha}=.05$). 결과: 주사전자현미경의 관찰에서 Group F2와 F3에서 가장 거친 표면을 볼 수 있었으며, Group Z3에서 실리카 입자의 분포밀도가 가장 높았다. 장석형 도재에서는 전단결합강도 측정 결과 Group F3가 가장 높게 측정되었고 Group F1이 가장 낮게 측정되었지만, Group간에 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 지르코니아에서는 Group Z3가 가장 높게 측정되었고 Group Z1이 가장 낮게 측정되었으며, Group간에 모두 통계학적 유의성이 있었다. 결론: 지르코니아에서는 불산 에칭의 적용 후 Silano-pen과 실레인의 적용이 복합레진 접착에 효과적이다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

법랑질의 주성분인 hydroxyapatite 분말을 성형하고 소결하여 착색을 유발한 다음 과산화수소의 농도와 적용 기간의 변화에 따라 나타나는 미세 조직과 기계적 성질의 변화 및 미백 효과 등에 관한 연구를 통해 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 과산화수소의 농도와 적용시간이 증가함에 따라 미백 효과가 증가되었다. 2. 표면조도는 15% 과산화수소 10일, 30% 과산화수소 7, 10일 적용 시 유의한 차이로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 3. X-선회절 분석결과 미백처리 전 후의 결정상의 변화는 관찰되지 않았으나, 주사전자현미경 관찰시 표면의 미세구조는 과산화수소 농도와 적용시간의 증가에 따라 미세기공이 증가하였다. 4. 2축 굽힘강도는 30%농도의 과산화수소로 7, 10일 적용하였을 때 유의한 차이로 감소되었다(p<0.05). 5. 미소 경도값은 15% 과산화수소 10일과 30% 과산화수소 3, 7, 10일 적용 후 유의한 차이로 감소되었다(p<0.05).

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.117-129
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• 2018

Cellulose has been widely applied into various medical fields including scaffolding, tissue engineering and tissue formation. In this study, we manufactured cellulose medical fiber from Styela clava tunics(SCT-CS) and analyzed the tensile strength, elongation at break, fluid uptake and surface morphology. And then, the biocompatibility and toxicity of SCT-CS were measured in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats after the implantation for 30, 60 and 90 days. The level of tensile strength and fluid uptake were lower in SCT-CS than chromic catgut(CCG), while elongation at break level were maintained the higher in SCT-CS. Also, the roughness with pronounced surface patterns as a result of in vivo degradation was significantly greater in CCG than this of SCT-CS although these levels gradually appeared with time in both groups. After implantation for 90 days, SCT-CS and CCG was successfully implanted around muscle of thigh without any significant immune response. Furthermore, no significant alterations were measured in serum parameters and the specific pathological features induced by most toxic compounds for liver and kidney toxicity. Therefore, these results suggest that SCT-CS showing good biocompatibility and non-toxicity can be successfully prepared from cellulose powder of SCT as well as has the potential for use as a powerful biomaterial for medical sutures.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of lignocellulosic fillers made of wood powder and inorganic fillers, such as GCC and PCC, on physical properties of papers. Mechanical treatment and chemical treatment were carried out subsequently for generating lignocellulosic fillers, and then inorganic filler and wood powder were mixed together, and then mechanically treated for making lignocellulosic fillers covered with inorganic fillers. Consequently the particle size of lignocellulosic fillers was higher than that of inorganic fillers, which led to lumen loading and simultaneously surface coverage of fine inorganic fillers. Lignocellulosic fillers contributed to the increase of both bulk and opacity of handsheets dramatically, but some of properties including tensile strength, brightness and roughness decreased compared to inorganic fillers.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제39권9호
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• pp.923-928
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 고경도의 재료를 효과적으로 가공하기 위하여 초음파-자기연마 복합가공을 제시하고, 초음파-자기연마 복합가공의 효율성을 검증하기 위해. 실험계획법을 적용하여 각 인자의 영향력을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 기존의 자기연마가공보다 초음파-자기연마가공의 가공효율이 더 높게 나타났으며, 초음파-자기연마 복합가공에서 가장 적절한 주파수는 28kHz 인 것으로 나타났다. 또 표면거칠기에 대한 인자의 영향을 평가하였을 때, 초음파의 진폭이 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 그러나 $55{\mu}m$ 의 진폭이 적용되었을 때, 자속밀도의 변화에도 불구하고 가공효율이 오히려 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로부터 지나치게 큰 초음파 진폭은 오히려 자기연마가공의 효과를 저하시키는 것임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.379-385
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 IGM 구간에서 주면마찰력을 활용하여 지지력을 확보하기 위해 선단부에만 부분적으로 현장타설말뚝을 시험시공하고 IGM 이론의 적용성을 분석하였다. 시험시공 현장의 지반조사와, 교란여부, 거칠기 상태를 측정하여 IGM 이론 적용을 위한 지반특성을 점성, 비교란, 매끄러운 상태로 분석하였다. 또한, 정재하시험 및 하중전이시험을 통해 허용지지력과 심도별 주면마찰력을 산정한 결과, 주면마찰력은 심도가 깊어질수록, 기준침하량이 클수록 증가하는 것으로 평가되었으며, 심도와 매우 높은 상관성을 보였다. 일축압축강도($q_u$)는 점성 IGM에서 가장 중요한 변수이나, 화강풍화암 구간에서 직접 측정이 불가능하므로 정재하시험 및 하중전이시험 결과와 N값을 이용하여 $q_u$값을 얻을 수 있었다.