• Title/Summary/Keyword: streamflow evaluation

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Evaluation of stream flow and water quality changes of Yeongsan river basin by inter-basin water transfer using SWAT (SWAT을 이용한 유역간 물이동량에 따른 영산강유역의 하천 유량 및 수질 변동 분석)

  • Kim, Yong Won;Lee, Ji Wan;Woo, So Young;Kim, Seong Joon
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.53 no.12
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    • pp.1081-1095
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    • 2020
  • This study is to evaluate stream flow and water quality changes of Yeongsan river basin (3,371.4 km2) by inter-basin water transfer (IBWT) from Juam dam of Seomjin river basin using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). The SWAT was established using inlet function for IBWT between donor and receiving basins. The SWAT was calibrated and validated with 14 years (2005 ~ 2018) data of 1 stream (MR) and 2 multi-functional weir (SCW, JSW) water level gauging stations, and 3 water quality stations (GJ2, NJ, and HP) including data of IBWT and effluent from wastewater treatment plants of Yeongsan river basin. For streamflow and weir inflows (MR, SCW, and JSW), the coefficient of determination (R2), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), root mean square error (RMSE), and percent bias (PBIAS) were 0.69 ~ 0.81, 0.61 ~ 0.70, 1.34 ~ 2.60 mm/day, and -8.3% ~ +7.6% respectively. In case of water quality, the R2 of SS, T-N, and T-P were 0.69 ~ 0.81, 0.61 ~ 0.70, and 0.54 ~ 0.63 respectively. The Yeongsan river basin average streamflow was 12.0 m3/sec and the average SS, T-N, and T-P were 110.5 mg/L, 4.4 mg/L, 0.18 mg/L respectively. Under the 130% scenario of IBWT amount, the streamflow, SS increased to 12.94 m3/sec (+7.8%), 111.26 mg/L (+0.7%) and the T-N, T-P decreased to 4.17 mg/L (-5.2%), 0.165 mg/L (-8.3%) respectively. Under the 70% scenario of IBWT amount, the streamflow, SS decreased to 11.07 m3/sec (-7.8%), 109.74 mg/L (-0.7%) and the T-N, T-P increased to 4.68 mg/L (+6.4%), 0.199 mg/L (+10.6%) respectively.

Accuracy evaluation of microwave water surface current meter for measurement angles in middle flow condition (전자파표면유속계의 측정 각도에 따른 평수기 유속 측정 정확도 분석)

  • Son, Geunsoo;Kim, Dongsu;Kim, Kyungdong;Kim, Jongmin
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.53 no.1
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    • pp.15-27
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    • 2020
  • Streamflow discharge as a fundamental riverine quantity plays a crucial role in water resources management, thereby requiring accurate in-situ measurement. Recent advances in instrumentations for the streamflow discharge measurement has complemented or substituted classical devices and methods. Among various potential methods, surface current meter using microwave has increasingly begun to be applied not only for flood but also normal flow discharge measurement, remotely and safely enabling practitioners to measure flow velocity postulating indirect contact. With minimized field preparedness, this method facilitated and eased flood discharge measurement in the difficult in-situ conditions such as extreme flood in active ways emitting 24.125 GHz microwave without relying on natural lights. In South Korea, a rectangular shaped instrument named with Microwave Water Surface Current Meter (MWSCM) has been developed and commercially released around 2010, in which domestic agencies charging on streamflow observation shed lights on this approach regarding it as a potential substitute. Considering this brand-new device highlighted for efficient flow measurement, however, there has been few noticeable efforts in systematic and comprehensive evaluation of its performance in various measurement and riverine conditions that lead to lack in imminent and widely spreading usages in practices. This study attempted to evaluate the MWSCM in terms of instrumen's monitoring configuration particularly regarding tilt and yaw angle. In the middle of pointing the measurement spot in a given cross-section, the observation campaign inevitably poses accuracy issues related with different tilt and yaw angles of the instrument, which can be a conventionally major source of errors for this type of instrument. Focusing on the perspective of instrument configuration, the instrument was tested in a controlled outdoor river channel located in KICT River Experiment Center with a fixed flow condition of around 1 m/s flow speed with steady flow supply, 6 m of channel width, and less than 1 m of shallow flow depth, where the detailed velocity measurements with SonTek micro-ADV was used for validation. As results, less than 15 degree in tilting angle generated much higher deviation, and higher yawing angle proportionally increased coefficient of variance. Yaw angles affected accuracy in terms of measurement area.

Evaluation of Streamflow Data of MOCT (2004년 건설교통부 유량자료의 평가)

  • Jung, Sung-Won;Han, Myung-Sun;Hwang, Seok-Hwan;Kim, Chi-Young;Lee, Chan-Ju;Kim, Dong-Gu
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2006.05a
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    • pp.1343-1347
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    • 2006
  • 부정확한 유량자료는 예산 부족, 전담인력의 부재, 전문장비의 미비 등 구조적 측면에 근본적인 원인이 있는 것으로 판단되나, 유량측정 단계의 부정확과 유량자료의 처리절차가 실제적으로 이루어지지 않는 등 기술적 측면에도 중요한 한 원인이 있다. 건설교통부에서는 수문조사 선진화 5개년 계획의 일환으로 구조적.기술적인 문제를 개선하기 위해 2004년도 건설교통부 유량측정사업에서 유량측정 검증시스템을 도입하여 운영한 바 있다. 유량측정 검증시스템은 유량 측정과 분석을 나누어 수행하는 것으로, 강화된 기준과 방법론에 따라 정밀한 유량측정은 용역사에서 담당하였으며, 측정기준 강화, 측정방법 개선, 일상 검증과정 도입, 곡선식 개발 방법론 개선 및 유량환산/평가 절차 추가 등 분석과정은 한국건설기술연구원에서 수행하였다. 새로이 적용한 유량측정 검증시스템의 적용을 통해 생성된 2004년도 건설교통부 유량자료는 불확실도가 전국 평균 6.5%로 개선되었으며, 63개 지점 중에서 35개 지점(56%)에서 연유출률이 비교적 정상적인 수치를 보여 과거에 비해 상당히 개선된 품질수준을 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

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HSPF Modeling for Identifying Runoff Reduction Effect of Nonpoint Source Pollution by Rice Straw Mulching on Upland Crops (볏짚 피복에 의한 밭 비점원오염 저감효과 분석을 위한 HSPF 모델링)

  • Jung, Chung-Gil;Park, Jong-Yoon;Lee, Hyung-Jin;Choi, Joong-Dae;Kim, Seong-Joon
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.54 no.4
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2012
  • This study is to assess the reduction of non-point source pollution loads for rice straw surface covering of upland crop cultivation at a watershed scale. For Byulmi-cheon watershed ($1.21km^2$) located in the upstream of Gyeongancheon, the HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran), a physically based distributed hydrological model was applied. Before evaluation, the model was calibrated and validated using 9 rainfall events. The Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) for streamflow was 0.62~0.78 and the NSE for water quality (Sediment, T-N, and T-P) were 0.68, 0.60, and 0.58 respectively. From the field experiment of 16 rainfall events, the rice straw covering reduced surface runoff average 10 % compared to normal surface condition. By handling infiltration parameter (INFILT) in the model, the value of 16.0 mm/hr was found to reduce about 10 % reduction of surface runoff. For this condition, the reduction effect of Sediment, T-N, and T-P loads were 87.2, 28.5, and 85.1 % respectively. The rice straw surface covering was effective for removing surface runoff dependent loads such as Sediment and T-P.

Analysis of Land Use Change Impact on Storm Runoff in Anseongcheon Watershed

  • Park, Geun-Ae;Jung, In-Kyun;Lee, Mi-Seon;Shin, Hyung-Jin;Park, Jong-Yoon;Kim, Seong-Joon
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.35-43
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study is to evaluate the hydrological impact due to temporal land cover change by gradual urbanization of upstream watershed of Pyeongtaek gauging station of Anseong-cheon. WMS HEC-1 was adopted, and OEM with 200 m resolution and hydrologic soil group from 1:50,000 scale soil map were prepared. Land covers of 1986, 1990, 1994 and 1999 Landsat TM images were classified by maximum likelihood method. The watershed showed a trend that forest & paddy areas decreased and urban/residential area gradually increased during the four selected years. The model was calibrated at 2 locations (Pyeonglaek and Gongdo) by comparing observed with simulated discharge results for 5 summer storm events from 1998 to 2001. The watershed average CN values varied from 61.7 to 62.3 for the 4 selected years. To identify the impact of streamflow by temporal area change of a target land use, a simple evaluation method that the CN values of areas except the target land use are unified as one representative CN value was suggested. By applying the method, watershed average CN value was affected in the order of paddy, forest and urban/residential, respectively.

A study on Evaluation of streamflow station considering the importance of station and Entropy (엔트로피 기법 및 측정 지점의 중요도를 고려한 관측소 평가 연구)

  • Shim, Eun Jeung;Lee, Ki Sung;Moon, Young Il;Jung, Sung Won
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2019.05a
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    • pp.228-228
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    • 2019
  • 오늘날 수자원 관리의 중요성과 관심이 매우 커지는 가운데 신뢰도 높은 수문자료의 생산은 매우 중요하다. 나아가 기후변화에 따른 집중호우 등을 고려했을 때 효율적인 수문자료 확보를 위해 수문관측소에 대한 객관적인 평가지표와 지점 중요도, 현장에서의 측정 및 하천환경 변화 등의 다양한 검토가 선행되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 환경부 2019년 낙동강 수계 측정지점을 대상으로 관측소의 객관적인 평가지표, 즉 관측소 설치목적에 따른 지점 중요도(하천 대표 유역, 홍수 및 갈수 예 경보, 유지유량, 갈수모니터링 등)를 고려한 관측소 평가를 실시하였다. 아울러 각 지점에 대한 측정경험과 하천환경 변화에 대한 모니터링 자료를 바탕으로 측정 지점의 난이도와 관측소 변화 여부에 대한 평가 항목을 7가지로 분류, 평가하였다. 단순히 현장경험과 실용성에 중점을 둔 평가항목은 다소 주관적인 판단이 들어갈 수 있기 때문에 의사 결정 과정에서 데이터에 대한 가중치를 부여할 수 있는 엔트로피 기법을 적용하여 관측소 평가결과에 반영하였다. 그 결과 관측소 중요도가 높은 필수 지점 뿐 만 아니라 현장 여건이 고려되지 못한 지점들, 지점 특성에 따라 이설 및 관측망 조정이 필요한 지점도 다소 존재하였다. 효율적인 측정지점 선정을 위해서 관측소의 설치목적 뿐 만 아니라 설계홍수량이나 하천설계기준 수립 등의 객관적인 평가지표와 하천환경 변화 나아가 경제성 검토 등 다양한 요소의 추가적인 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다.

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An evaluation of deep learning method for streamflow estimation in ungauged basins (미계측유역 유출량 산정을 위한 딥러닝 기반 방법의 적용 및 평가)

  • Jae-Yeong Heo;Hyun-Han Kwon;Deg-Hyo Bae
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2023.05a
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    • pp.360-360
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    • 2023
  • 최근 태풍 및 집중호우로 인한 국내 홍수 피해 규모 및 빈도는 증가하고 있는 추세이며 이에 대한 대응과 수해 방지 대책 수립에 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이와 같은 홍수 피해를 경감시키기 위해서는 유출 모의에 따른 유역 홍수 방어 대책 수립이 이루어져야 하나, 하천 상류 등과 같은 미계측유역이 존재하며 정확한 유출량 산정에 많은 어려움이 따른다. 통상, 미계측유역 유출량 산정은 비유량법, 지역회귀방법, 수문모형에 의한 모의 등이 있다. 그러나 기존의 통계적 방법은 기왕 자료간 관계의 선형성만을 고려한다는 한계가 있으며, 물리적 방법은 다양한 자료 활용에 대한 유연성이 낮다는 한계가 있다. 딥러닝 기반 방법은 자료 내 존재하는 비선형성과 입·출력간 인과관계를 반영하여 모의할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 미계측유역 유출량 산정을 위해 국내 유역을 대상으로 딥러닝 모형에 대한 적용성을 평가하고자 한다. 알려진 미계측유역 유출량 산정 기법들과 물리적 요소를 고려한 개선된 딥러닝 구조를 활용한 기법에 대한 평가를 수행하였다. 미계측유역에 대한 첨두유출 모의 및 유출용적에 대한 평가를 수행하였으며, 홍수 유출이벤트에 대한 도시적 평가를 통해 딥러닝 기반 미계측유역 유출 모의 기법의 적용성을 평가하였다. 평가 결과, 물리적 요소를 고려한 딥러닝 기반 방법의 정확도가 상대적으로 높은 정확도를 보였으며 첨두 유출 모의를 잘 반영하는 것으로 나타났다. 향후, 유역의 다양한 특성을 활용하는 유출 모의 기법 개발 및 평가가 이루어져야 될 것으로 판단된다.

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Evaluation of Continuous Rainfall-Runoff Models for Ensemble Streamflow Simulation in Korea (유출 앙상블 생산을 위한 연속강우-유출 모델의 국내 적합성 평가)

  • Yu, Jae-Ung;Nguyen, Dinh Huy;Kim, Min-Ji;Kwon, Hyun-Han
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2020.06a
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    • pp.312-312
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    • 2020
  • 최근 우리나라의 계절적 강우변동폭이 점점 커져 홍수, 가뭄의 발생빈도와 심도가 증가하고 있다. 특히, 도시화에 따른 토지이용변화, 산업구조변화 등은 수자원의 수요량 및 공급량 불균형으로 이어져 수자원 관리에서 제약조건으로 작용하고 있다. 유역 내의 물순환을 평가에 있어서 물수지 모델 구축과 함께 정확한 강우-유출 분석은 매우 중요한 분석단계라 할 수 있다. 이러한 점에서 본 연구에서는 국내외 주요 연속강우-유출모형의 특성을 파악하고 모형 최적화를 통해 계측유역에 대해서 적합성을 평가하였다. 미계측유역의 불확실성을 고려한 유량 시나리오를 제시하기 위하여 다수의 모형을 활용하는 앙상블 개념을 도입하였으며, 향후 미계측유역으로 모형의 확장성을 고려하여 매개변수 개수 및 관측 유량에 대한 재현능력 특성 등을 종합적으로 평가하였다. 본 연구에서는 40개 이상의 국내외 연속강우-유출모형을 소양강댐에 적용하였으며, 통계적 지표를 이용하여 모형을 1차적으로 선정하였다. 선정된 모형을 대상으로 매개변수의 개수 및 저유량, 중간유량, 고유량으로 분리하여 재현성을 평가하고 최종적으로 앙상블모형을 제시하였다.

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Development and evaluation of dam inflow prediction method based on Bayesian method (베이지안 기법 기반의 댐 예측유입량 산정기법 개발 및 평가)

  • Kim, Seon-Ho;So, Jae-Min;Kang, Shin-Uk;Bae, Deg-Hyo
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.50 no.7
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    • pp.489-502
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    • 2017
  • The objective of this study is to propose and evaluate the BAYES-ESP, which is a dam inflow prediction method based on Ensemble Streamflow Prediction method (ESP) and Bayesian theory. ABCD rainfall-runoff model was used to predict monthly dam inflow. Monthly meteorological data collected from KMA, MOLIT and K-water and dam inflow data collected from K-water were used for the model calibration and verification. To estimate the performance of ABCD model, ESP and BAYES-ESP method, time series analysis and skill score (SS) during 1986~2015 were used. In time series analysis monthly ESP dam inflow prediction values were nearly similar for every years, particularly less accurate in wet and dry years. The proposed BAYES-ESP improved the performance of ESP, especially in wet year. The SS was used for quantitative analysis of monthly mean of observed dam inflows, predicted values from ESP and BAYES-ESP. The results indicated that the SS values of ESP were relatively high in January, February and March but negative values in the other months. It also showed that the BAYES-ESP improved ESP when the values from ESP and observation have a relatively apparent linear relationship. We concluded that the existing ESP method has a limitation to predict dam inflow in Korea due to the seasonality of precipitation pattern and the proposed BAYES-ESP is meaningful for improving dam inflow prediction accuracy of ESP.

Evaluation of stream depletion due to nearby groundwater pumping using Baalousha analytical solution (Baalousha 해석해를 이용한 하천 주변 지하수 양수로 인한 하천수 감소 분석)

  • Lee, Jeongwoo;Kim, Nam Won;Chung, Il-Moon;Hong, Sung Hun
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.51 no.2
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    • pp.99-107
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    • 2018
  • This study was to evaluate the stream depletion due to groundwater pumping from 17 wells near the Anseongcheon upper stream using the Baalousha's analytical solution (2012) which directly considers stream width and streambed hydraulic conductivity. The input hydraulic values of aquifer and streambed were obtained from the pumping tests and seepage experiments. The estimated streamflow depletion rates divided by pumping rate (dimensionless stream depletion) showed a range from 0.23 to 0.89 for 5 year pumping. In particular, the results revealed that the groundwater pumping has insignificant effects on streamflow when the stream depletion factor (SDF) is higher than 1,000 with values of dimensionless stream depletion lower than 0.4. A more simple Hunt's solution (1999) also applied to the same wells, and the results showed that the difference between the dimensionless stream depletions calculated by using both solutions could be negligible. From the comparison of the Baalousha's solution (2012) with the Hunt's solution (1999) with total 3,000 cases of simulations with combinations of various aquifer and stream properties, the stream-well distance should be more longer than stream width for reducing the discrepancy between both solutions.