• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 2013

The present work has been devoted to the catalytic reduction of $N_2O$ by $H_2$ with $Pt/SiO_2$ catalysts at very low temperatures, such as $110^{\circ}C$, and their nanoparticle sizes have been determined by using $H_2-N_2O$ titration, X-ray diffraction(XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) measurements. A sample of 1.72% $Pt/SiO_2$, which had been prepared by an ion exchange method, consisted of almost atomic levels of Pt nanoparticles with 1.16 nm that are very consistent with the HRTEM measurements, while a $Pt/SiO_2$ catalyst possessing the same Pt amount via an incipient wetness technique did 13.5 nm particles as determined by the XRD measurements. These two catalysts showed a noticeable difference in the on-stream $deN_2O$ activity maintenance profiles at $110^{\circ}C$. This discrepancy was associated with the nanoparticle sizes, i.e., the $Pt/SiO_2$ catalyst with the smaller particle size was much more active for the $N_2O$ reduction. When repeated measurements of the $N_2O$ reduction with the 1.16 nm Pt catalyst at $110^{\circ}C$ were allowed, the catalyst deactivation occurred, depending somewhat on regeneration excursions.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.276-286
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• 2007

Existing streaming mechanisms have no consideration for the characteristics of streaming applications because they only consider network stability. In this paper, in order to overcome limitations of the previous work on video streaming, we propose a new video streaming mechanism called "HAViS(Hybrid Approach for Video Streaming)". The proposed mechanism includes more sophisticated features that consider both network and user requirements. Therefore, the HAViS mechanism improves the network stability by adjusting the sending rate of video stream based on the network state and it also provides the smooth playback by preventing the buffer underflow or overflow. Moreover, it is designed to take into consideration the streaming video content. Through the simulation, we prove that the HAViS mechanism efficiently uses the buffer resources and provides improved network stability and smooth playback.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.510-520
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• 2008

These days, the network convergence for utilizing heterogeneous network on mobile device is being very actively studied. However, understanding characteristics of physical network interfaces and video encoder is needed for using the network convergence technologies efficiently. Thus, this paper proposes an optimized method for streaming video data through different network paths depending on data characteristics and channel condition. Accordingly, unlike the traditional methods, this study divides scalable coded videos by layer importance, the importance of stream information, and the importance in consideration of video decoder's robustness and selectively sends the data via multiple channels. And the experimental results show over 1dB increment in PSNR. The result of this study will provide an optimized video transmission technique in the next generation network convergence environment in which mobile devices have multiple network interfaces.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.183-191
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose Stream Control Transmission Protocol(SCTP) proxy which supports making an SCTP connection from a Corresponding Node(CN) to a Mobile Node(MN). Recently, mobility support in transport layer is proposed, which provides mobility in end-to-end way using the extension of SCTP. Mobile SCTP can provide handover to all applications that use SCTP as a transport protocol. However, current SCTP does not include independent location management service and can not make connection from a CN to a MN without assistance of other mobile protocols. To solve this problem, Proposed SCTP proxy interoperates with generic location management service and performs an address transformation to forward connection set up messages to the MN. Using the proposed proxy, SCTP can provide a complete mobility support including a connection setup to the MN and maintaining an existing connection.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.704-711
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• 2003

Recently, the demands for real-time service and multimedia data are rapidly increasing. There are significant redundancies between header fields both within the same packet header and in consecutive packets belonging to the same packet stream. But there are many overheads in using the current UDP/IP protocol. Header compression is considered to enhance the transmission efficiency for small size of payload. By sending the static field information only once initially and by utilizing dependencies and predictability for other fields, the header size can be significantly reduced for most packets. This work describes an implementation for header compression of the headers of U/UDP protocols to reduce overhead on Ethernet network. Typical UDP/IP Header packets can be compressed down to 7 bytes and the header compression system is designed and implemented on the Linux environment. Using the designed Header compression system between a server and a client have the advantage of effective data throughput in network.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.11C no.2
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• pp.245-252
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• 2004

Stream Control Transmission Protocol(SCTP) is a new connection-oriented, reliable delivery transport protocol operating on top of an unreliable connectionless packet service such as IP. It inherits many of the functions developed for TCP, including flow control and packet loss recovery functions. In addition, it also supports transport layer multihoming and multistreaming In this paper, we study the impact of multi-homing on the performance of SCTP. We first compare performance of single-homed SCTP. multi-homed SCTP, TCP Reno and TCP SACK. We, then describe potential flaw in the current SCTP retransmission policy, when SCTP host is multihomed. Our Results show that SCTP performs better than TCP Reno and TCP SACK due to several changes from TCP in its congestion control mechanism. In particular. multi-homed SCTP shows the best result among the compared schemes. Through experimentation for multi-homed SCTP, we found that the current SCTP retransmission policy nay deteriorate the perfomance when the retransmission path it worse than the original path. Therefore, the condition of retransmission path is a very important factor In SCTP performance and a proper mechanism would be required to measure the condition of the retransmission path.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.15C no.6
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• pp.547-556
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• 2008

Recently, with the advance of computing and networking technique, the high speed internet becomes widespread, however, it is still hard job to do streaming the media which requires high network bandwidth over the internet. Previous researches for streaming over the internet mainly proposed techniques that controls the QoS(Quality of Service) of the media in proportion to the network status. Though, this could be the solution for the service provider while the service user who wants constant QoS may not satisfy with variable QoS. In the paper, we propose a network adaptive prefetching technique, NAP, for guarantee of constant QoS. The NAP prefetches frames by increasing the frame transmission rate while the available network bandwidth is high. The NAP uses the prefetched frames to guarantee the QoS while the available network bandwidth is low. The experiment result shows that the proposed NAP could guarantee the constant QoS by prefetching the frames adaptively to the network bandwidth with the characteristic of video stream.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.120-127
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• 2007

In this paper, we describe a new 1/4 rate robust modulation techniques for Enhanced-x VSB system which is fully backward compatible with ATSC 8-VSB standard. 1/4 rate mode Enhanced-xVSB system provides broadcasters with a wide choice of trade-offs of data rate vs amount of robustness of enhanced data for pedestrian/mobile services. Lab test results of proposed Enhanced-x VSB 1/4 rate mode robust stream are a significantly improved multipath as well as AWGN reception performance for Enhanced-x VSB receiver. We suggest an Enhanced-x VSB terrestrial broadcasting system for ATSC HDTV and pedestrian/portable TV simultaneous broadcasting service providing.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 2001

We propose an efficient DCT-domain video transcoding algorithm for flexible for bit-rate video communications. Video transcoding provides communication fiexibility by adaptively changing the bit-rate of compressed bit stream. During the transcoding process, adrift error is unavoidable because of the difference between reference images in the series of encoding and decoding. For solving the drift error problem, cascade pixel-domain transcoder (CPDT) has been proposed. CPDT, however, requires highly complex hardware and heavy computational overhead. In this paper we propose a DCT-domain transcoding technique, which enables efficient transcoding without any drift error. The proposed cascade DCT-domain transcoder (CDDT) is realized by new motion compensation and down-sampling methods in the DCT-domain.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.217-227
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• 2003

This paper describes an implementation of the slide-show functionality, which is one of the services that can be provided by the Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB). While the existing analog radio broadcasting services provide audio only, DMB slide-show is the functionality that can deliver still images associated with the audio. For example, it can deliver the photographs of the singer, album cover images, or the lyrics of the song that correspond to the audio. There are two modes for the transmission of the slide-show. Firstly. the program-associated data (PAD) field within the DMB audio frame can be utilized and secondly, the slide-show data can be transmitted, after being multiplexed, with other service data as individual data stream separated from the audio. This paper describes PC-based implementations of a transmitter-side module that inserts slide-show data into the PAD area within audio bitstream and a receiver-side application module that plays the slide-show through decoding the PAD within the received audio bitstream and demonstrates their validity through experiments.